CD59

CD59，亦稱為「膜攻擊複合物（MAC）抑制蛋白」（MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP）、「膜反应性溶血抑制物」（membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL）、「膜攻擊複合物抑制因子」（membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF）或保護素（protectin），在人體內是一種由CD59基因編碼的糖蛋白，屬於分化簇（Cluster of Differntiation, CD）的一種。CD59屬於LY6/uPAR/α-神經毒素蛋白家族。 CD59通過糖化肌醇磷脂（GPI）基團錨定在細胞膜上。當補體系統激活並已產生C5b678複合物時，CD59會阻止補體成分C9聚集到上述複合體上，從而阻止膜攻擊複合物（MAC）的形成。同時，細胞也會收到信號，通過胞吞作用攝入CD59-CD9複合物。

能影響GPI基團的突變會引起紅細胞膜上的CD59分子和衰變加速因子（CD55）數量減少，可引發陣發性夜間血紅素尿症。

部分病毒，例如HIV、巨細胞病毒、牛痘病毒能夠通過將宿主細胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上來逃避補體系統的攻擊。

參見

• 膜攻擊複合物
• 衰變加速因子

拓展閱讀

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外部連結

• 醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：CD59+Antigen
• Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.