蚤蝇
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| 蚤蝇科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Phorid fly2.jpg | |
| 瘤背是蚤蝇科的典型特征 | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 双翅目 Diptera |
| 亚目： | 短角亚目 Brachycera |
| 下目： | 家蝇下目 Muscomorpha |
| 演化支： | Eremoneura Eremoneura |
| 演化支： | 环裂类 Cyclorrhapha |
| 系： | 无缝组 Aschiza |
| 总科： | 扁脚蝇总科 Platypezoidea |
| 科： | 蚤蝇科 Phoridae |
| 亚科 | |
| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
蚤蝇 （Phorid fly）又名驼背蝇，属于双翅目蚤蝇科（学名：Phoridae），估计有超过4000个物种，分成4个亚科230个属。台湾在过去的纪录有17个属69种，其中异蚤蝇属(Megaselia)为大宗，约有40种，最常见的是别名“棺材蝇”的蛆症异蚤蝇（Megaselia scalaris）。另一物种Euryplatea nanaknihali体长仅0.4毫米，是世界最小的苍蝇[1]。
下属分类[编辑]
本科包括以下属：
- Ecitophora Disney, 1991 Schmitz, 1916
- Ecitoptera Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1923
- Ecituncula Schmitz, 1923
- Ectochaeta Borgmeier, 1958
- Edaphomyia Borgmeier, 1959
- Egregiophora Beyer, 1958
- Eibesfeldtphora
- Disney, 1996 Electrophora
- Brues, 1939 Enderleinphora
- Disney, 2004 Endonepenthia
- Schmitz, 1932 Eosciadocera
- Hong, 1981 Aenictomyia
- Epacteon Borgmeier, 1963
- Epactoselia Disney, 1998
- Epichonocephalus Schmitz, 1927
- Epicnemis Borgmeier
- Epimegaselia Beyer, 1959
- Eremophora Brues, 1930 Borgmeier, 1960
- Erinacephora
- Euliphora Arillo & Mostovski, 1999
- Eurycnemis Borgmeier, 1971
- Euryophora Schmitz, 1941
- Euryphora
- Euryplatea
- Schmitz, 1941 Eutermiphora
- Lea, 1911 Exochaeta
- Schmitz, 1931 Franssenia
- Schmitz, 1931 Fushuniclavicornia
- Hong, 2002 Aenigmaphora
- Fushunophoritis Hong, 2002
- Gemmaphora Mostovski, 1999
- Godavaria Brown, 1992
- Gymnophora Macquart, 1835
- Gymnoptera Lioy, 1864
- Gymnoselia Disney, 1996 Schmitz, 1927
- Haplophleba Schmitz, 1929
- Haulepta Disney, 1997
- Hemiplastophora Beyer, 1965
- Hennigophora Brown, 2007
- Henningophora Brown, 2007
- Heterophora
- Borgmeier, 1922 Hexacantherophora
- Schmitz, 1916 Hieronymus
- Weyenbergh, 1886 Hippaphora
- Disney, 2015 Hirotophora
- Brown, Amorim & Kung Abaristophora Aenigmatias
- Histriophora Borgmeier, 1960
- Holopterina Borgmeier, 1928
- Homalophora Borgmeier, 1922
- Horologiphora Disney, 1997
- Huaxiaphoritis Hong, 2002
- Meinert, 1890 Borgmeier, 1960
- Hyocerina
- Hypocera Lioy, 1864
- Hypocerides Schmitz, 1915
- Hypoceridites Brues, 1939
- Hypogeophora
- Idiophora Borgmeier
- Idophora Borgmeier, 1960
- Imparphora Zuha & Disney, 2018
- Indoxenia Schmitz, 1936
- Iranphora Namaki-Khameneh & Disney, 2021 Aenigmatistes
- Iridophora Disney, 1986
- Javanoxenia Schmitz, 1933
- Jealia Brown, 2010
- Johowia Silva Figueroa, 1916
- Kerophora Brown, 1988
- Shelford, 1908 Schmitz, 1939
- Kuenburgia Schmitz, 1937
- Labiduncula Borgmeier, 1936
- Laciniomyia Kung & Brown, 2005
- Laishania Kung & Brown, 2005
- Laosphora
- Latiborophaga Brown, 1992
- Lecanocerus Borgmeier, 1962
- Lenkoa Borgmeier, 1969
- Lepidophoromyia Borgmeier, 1924
- Lepta Schmitz, 1938 Aenigmatopoeus
- Leptilla Borgmeier, 1963
- Leptophora Six, 1878
- Limulomyia Brown, 1999
- Linklloydia Disney, 1995
- Lioyella Enderlein, 1924
- Schmitz, 1914 Borgmeier, 1960
- Longirostrum Disney, 1979
- Loxauchenia Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1925
- Lucianaphora Disney, 2008
- Macgrathphora Brown, 2022
- Macrocerides
- Macrocerophora Brown, 2011
- Macroselia Schmitz, 1939
- Maculiphora Disney, 1991
- Mahabadphora Namaki-Khameneh & Disney, 2021
- Maksika Mostovski, 1999 Agaphora
- Mallochphora Disney, 2004
- Mannheimsia Beyer, 1965
- Megapropodiphora Brown, 2018 异蚤蝇属
- Megaselia Rondani, 1856
- Melaloncha Brues, 1904
- Mostovski, 1999 Brues, 1928
- Menozziola Schmitz, 1927
- Mesopathusa Schmitz, 1951
- Metaplastophora Beyer, 1965
- Metopina Macquart, 1835
- Metopotropis
- Miclepta Disney, 2006
- Microplatyphora Schmitz, 1915
- Microselia Schmitz, 1934
- Minicosta Brown & Oliver, 2008
- Misotermes Alamira
- Mollicauda Beyer, 1965
- Morahania Schmitz, 1958
- Multinevra Disney, 1979
- Myopiomyia Disney, 1987
- Myriophora Brown, 1992
- Myriophora alexandrae Hash & Brown, 2015[3]
- Myriophora alienipennis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora anacleti (Borgmeier) Borgmeier
- Myriophora angustifacies Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora angustifascia Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora annetteae Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora annulata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora bicuspidis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora bilsae Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora bimaculata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora borealis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora breviatrsus Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora brevitarsus
- Myriophora browni Hash & Brown
- Myriophora brunneipleuron Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora communis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora curvata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora curvicacumen Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora dennisoni Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora discalis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora diversa Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora dividida Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora dolionatis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora flavicosta Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora fuscidorsum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora gigantea Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora gobaleti Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora harwoodi Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora hebes Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora heratyi Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora inaequalisetarum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora infirmata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora jeffersoni Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora juli (Brues, 1908)
- Myriophora kerri Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora kungae Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora longisetarum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora lucigaster (Borgmeier, 1961)
- Myriophora luteitergum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora luteizona (Borgmeier, 1925)
- Myriophora magnilabellum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora misionesensis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora nigra Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora nigralinea Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora obscuritergum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora opilionidis (Borgmeier, 1931)
- Myriophora pabloi (Brown, 1994)
- Myriophora pallida Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora parva Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora pectinata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora perpendicularis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora plana Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora porrasae Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora porrecta Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora reminatis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora scopulata Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora simplex Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora sinesplendida Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora smithi Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora spicaphora Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora spicaticonus Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora tenuis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora uruguaiensis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora vancouverensis Hash & Brown, 2015
- Myriophora wellsorum Hash & Brown, 2015
- Schmitz, 1952 Silvestri, 1911
- Myrmosicarius Borgmeier, 1928
- Myromomyia
- Necperissa Disney, 1993
- Neodohrniphora Malloch, 1914
- Neophora
- Neopleurophora Brown, 1992
- Neopuliciphora Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1924
- Nossibea Schmitz, 1927
- Obelosia Lioy, 1864
- Obscurcaudaphora Disney, 2015 Allochaeta
- Obscuriphora Disney, 1986
- Odontoxenia Schmitz, 1915
- Oligophora Silvestri, 1947
- Oniscomyia Enderlein, 1909
- Pachyneurella Brues, 1903 Schmitz, 1927
- Borgmeier, 1924 Walker, 1859
- Palpiclavina Silvestri, 1947
- Palpocrates Schmitz, 1939
- Parametopina Borgmeier, 1924
- Paraphiochaeta Malloch, 1914
- Paraphiura
- Parapuliciphora Abreu, 1921
- Pararhoptrocera Prokop & Nel, 2005
- Paraspiniphora Malloch, 1912
- Parastenophora Malloch, 1910
- Parasyneura Malloch, 1912 Anaclinusa
- Paratermitoxenia Beyer, 1965
- Paurophora Silvestri, 1947
- Pelidnophora Borgmeier, 1922
- Penthaplus Schmitz, 1958
- Pericyclocera Schmitz, 1927
- Borgmeier, 1969 Borgmeier, 1971
- Perissa
- Perittophora Disney, 1990
- Peromitra Enderlein, 1924
- Phalacrotophora Enderlein, 1912
- Pheidolomyia
- Phlebothrix Borgmeier, 1969 蚤蝇属
- Phora Latreille, 1796
- Phorhynchus Brunetti, 1912
- Phoricesa Koçak & Kemal, 2010
- Phymatopterella Brues, 1933 Anevrina
- Physoptera Borgmeier, 1958
- Pilosaphiura Disney, 2003
- Placophora Borgmeier, 1936
- Placophorina Borgmeier, 1958
- Plastophora Brues, 1905
- Lioy, 1864 Beyer, 1959
- Platydipteron Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Platyphora Verrall, 1877
- Platyphorella Strand, 1917
- Plectanocnema Schmitz, 1926
- Plethysmochaeta
- Pleurophorina Borgmeier, 1969
- Poloniphora Disney & Durska, 1989
- Postoptica Disney, 1987
- Pradea Borgmeier, 1927
- Prioriphora McAlpine & Martin, 1966 Anticofimbria
- Procliniella Borgmeier, 1925
- Pronomiophora Enderlein, 1912
- Pronomiorpha
- Pronudiphora Disney, 1997
- Prophora Grimaldi, 2018
- Schmitz, 1951 Brues, 1939
- Protoplatyphora Brues, 1939
- Psalidesma Becker, 1912
- Pseudacteon Coquillett, 1907
- Pseudacteon Loew, 1857
- Pseudaenigmatias
- Pseudohypocera Malloch, 1912
- Pseudometopina Disney, 1994
- Pseudomyriophora
- Pseudoplastophora Schmitz, 1915
- Pseudostenophora Malloch, 1912 Antipodiphora
- Pseudotermitoxenia Shiraki, 1925
- Psyllomyia Loew, 1857
- Ptochomyia Silvestri, 1920
- Pulicimyia Borgmeier, 1960
- Puliciphora Dahl, 1897
- Schmitz, 1939 Beyer, 1959
- Razorfemora Disney, 1990
- Rhabdomyia Borgmeier, 1936
- Rhopica Schmitz, 1927
- Rhoptrocera Hong, 1981
- Rhynchomicropteron
- Rhyncophoromyia Malloch, 1923
- Ridiculiphora Disney, 1997
- Ritchiephora Disney & Ritchie, 1997
- Sacculiphora Liu, 2021
- Saetulaptera Naumov, 2013 Aphiochaeta
- Schmitzia Borgmeier, 1922
- Sciadocera White, 1916
- Sciadophora McAlpine & Martin, 1966
- Selenophora Maruyama & Disney, 2011
- Septemineophora Disney, 1997
- Brues, 1903 Disney, 1997
- Sinogodavaria Guang-Chun Liu, 2020
- Sorowoodiphora Disney, 2009
- Sphinctomyia Borgameier, 1954
- Spiniphora Malloch, 1909
- Borgmeier, 1924 Stenophorina
- Wandolleck, 1898 Stethopathusa
- Aphiura Styletta
- Bormeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Synaptophora
- Borgmeier, 1971 Syneura Schmitz, 1939
- Borgmeier, 1963 Syntermitoxenia
- Seevers, 1941 Tabelliphora
- Brown & Kung, 2004
- Beyer, 1965 Tayrona
- Disney, 2015 Teratophora
- Apocephalus Termitophilomyia
- Schmitz, 1913 Termitophorides
- Termitosagma Coquillett, 1901
- Schmitz, 1936 Termitosphaera
- Reichensperger, 1931 Termitoxenia
- Borgmeier & Schmitz, 1922
- Brues, 1923 Travassophora
- Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975 Trineura
- Apodicrania Triphleba
- Disney & Michailovskaya, 2000 Trophithauma
- Borgmeier, 1960 Tropophleba Borgmeier, 1933
- Brown, 1991 Trupheoneura
- Schmitz, 1920 Tubiceroides
- Coomer, 1999
- Brown, 2004 Udamochiras
- Brown, 2007 Varya
- Apopteromyia Veruanus
- Disney, 1996 Volvectiphora
- Wandolleckia Beyer, 1958
- Brown & Oliver, 2008 Woodiphora
- Xanionotum
- Disney, 2007
- Borgmeier, 1925 Zygtaxphora
- Peterson & Robinson, 1976 Apterella Borgmeier, 1935
- Acanthophorides Apteronilla
- Borgmeier, 1959 Apteronina
- Borgmeier, 1958 Apterophora
- Brues, 1923 Aptinandria
- Schmidt, 1921 Arabiphora
- Disney, 2006 Archiphora
- Borgmeier, 1924 Schmitz, 1929
- Archisciada Grimaldi & Cumming, 1999
- Aristocerina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Aristopsis Borgmeier, 1959
- Arrenaptenus Schmitz, 1958
- Assmutherium Schmitz, 1924
- Attamyia Greene, 1938
- Aurisetiphora Brown, 2022
- Auxanommatidia Borgmeier, 1924
- Bactropalpus Borgmeier, 1963
- Beckerina Malloch, 1910
- Achaetophora Beyermyia
- Disney, 1991 Billotia
- Schmitz, 1944 Bolsiusia
- Schmitz, 1913 Borgmeieria
- Pires do Prado, 1976 Borgmeieriphora
- Pires do Prado, 1976 Borophaga
- Disney, 1996 Enderlein, 1924
- Bothroprosopa Schmitz, 1939
- Brachycephaloptera Borgmeier, 1924
- Brachycosta Pires do Prado, 1976
- Brachyphlebina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Brachyselia Schmitz, 1927
- Brevrostrophora Disney, 1997
- Brownphora Disney, 2004
- Burmophora Beyer, 1958
- Byrsophrys Enderlein, 1912
- Calamiscus Borgmeier, 1960
- Acontistoptera Caledophora
- Ament & Brown, 2017 Capraephora
- Bezzi, 1922 Cataclinusa
- Schmitz, 1927 Ceratoconus
- Borgmeier, 1928 Ceratophoromyia
- Beyer, 1959 Ceratoplatus
- Brues, 1902 Duméril, 1800
- Ceratoplatus Schmitz, 1939
- Ceratusa Borgmeier, 1967
- Ceroplatus Schellenberg, 1803
- Ceylonoxenia Schmitz, 1936
- Chaetaspidia Borgmeier, 1961
- Chaetocnemistoptera Borgmeier, 1923
- Chaetogodavaria Liu, 1996
- Chaetoneurophora Malloch, 1912
- Chaetopleurophora Schmitz, 1922
- Cheiloxenia Delachambre, 1966
- Adelopteromyia Chelidophora
- Borgmeier, 1933 Chonocephalus
- Wandollek, 1898 Chouomyia
- Liu, 1995 Clinochaeta
- Borgmeier, 1922 Clitelloxenia
- Kemner, 1932 Colobomeles
- Schmitz, 1923 Borgmeier, 1927
- Colyeria Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Commoptera Brues, 1901 Zyziphora
- Schmitz, 1929
- Conicera Buck, 1997
- Xenotriphleba Meigen, 1830
- Xenophoromyia Trucidophora
- Malloch, 1909 Schmitz, 1926
- Coniceromyia Wharia
- Tubicerphora Borgmeier, 1923
- Typhlophorina Disney, 1997
- Silvestri, 1947 Vestigipoda
- Conoprosopa
- Disney, 2003 Ulrichophora Becker, 1909
- Mostovski, 1999
- Stenoneurellys Contopteryx
- Borgmeier, 1963 Schmitz, 1929
- Stichillus Cootiphora
- Borgmeier, 1960 Brown, 1993
- Synclinusa Coridophora
- Brues, 1903 Schmitz, 1951
- Syntermophora Corniphora
- Kung & Brown, 2005 Liu, 2023
- Corniphora yanbianensis Liu, 2023[2]
- Tarsophoromyia Corynusa
- Brown & Kung, 2004 Schmitz, 1931
- Adenophora Coryptilomyia
- Schmitz, 1936 Brues, 1910
- Termitophorina Couturiera
- Reichensperger, 1931 Disney, 1979
- Termitostroma Crasilla
- Wasmann, 1900
- Tranopeltoxenos Cremersia
- Borgmeier, 1938 Schmitz, 1924
- Trineurocephala Crepidopachys
- Rondani, 1856 Enderlein, 1912
- Trophodeinus Crinophleba
- Borgmeier, 1960 Borgmeier, 1967
- Tubicera Cryptophora
- Borgmeier, 1935 Borgmeier, 1935
- Udamochiras Cryptopteromyia
- Enderlein, 1912 Trägårdh, 1909
- Veranophora Ctenopleuriphora
- Schmitz, 1927 Liu, 1996
- Vuvanlienia Ctenostichus
- Cook, 1897 Enderlein, 1924
- Woodiphorides Cyphocephalus
- Brues, 1902 Borgmeier, 1967
- Zikania Cyphometopis
- Disney, 2006 Borgmeier, 1924
- Schmitz, 1925 Cyrtophorina
- Trispiniphora Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Schmitz, 1923 Dacnophora
- Meigen, 1803 Trichocerina
- Daenophora
- Breddin & Börner, 1904 Borgmeier, 1961 Thaumatoxena
- Thalloptera Dahliphora
- Schmitz, 1923 Wasmann, 1913
- Aemulophora Danumphora
- Termitoscrofa Disney, 2002
- Darwiniphora
- Borgmeier, 1922 Termitophora
- Diaclinella
- Wasmann, 1901 Borgmeier, 1962 Termitomyia
- Yang & Wang, 1995 Dichocerina
- Tendcornphora Borgmeier, 1971
- Schmitz, 1939 Dicranodeina
- Tarsocrates Schmitz, 1929 Tapantia
- Dicranopteron
- Borgmeier, 1938 Schmitz, 1931 Schmitz, 1936
- Syneurina Dinocercus
- Borgmeier, 1971
- Brown, 1992 Diocophora
- Stylusa Borgmeier, 1959
- Enderlein, 1924 Diploneura
- Schmitz, 1921 Stethopathus
- Diplonevra
- Lioy, 1864 Stenodicrania
- Siluphora Diplostylocera
- Annandale, 1912 Distichophora
- Quasipseudacteon Schmitz, 1939
- Brown, 2016 Dohrnigma
- Protophorites Disney & Ellwood, 2001
- Schmitz, 1924 Dohrniphora
- Plastophorides Dahl, 1898
- Schmitz, 1915 Dorsochaeta
- Pericyclocerina Borgmeier & Pires do Prado, 1975
- Beyer, 1966 Drepanophora
- Pallura Strobl, 1880
- Aenictacantha Dubiaphis
- Borgmeier, 1958
- Myrmomyia Dundophora
- Schmitz, 1955 Enderlein, 1912
- Melittophora Echidnophora
- Schmitz, 1915 Borgmeier, 1927
- Lobochaeta Ecitocantha
- Borgmeier, 1924 Disney & Dupont, 2009
- Kierania Ecitomyia
- Brues, 1901 Goto, 1986
- Hylophora
特征[编辑]
蚤蝇是一类小型的苍蝇，外貌与果蝇相似，特征包括驼背、黑色复眼、触角鞭节膨大、后足腿节膨大、翅在接近身体部位的翅脉较粗且短，其他翅脉则较细不明显。
特点[编辑]
基本上与除了寄生蝇之外的蝇科同类一样，都是食腐性的苍蝇，常出现在尸体腐败后期。不过与丽蝇、金蝇不同的是，蚤蝇是在尸体腐败后期时才会群聚，这点与果蝇颇为类似。
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ Brown, Brian V. Small Size No Protection for Acrobat Ants: World's Smallest Fly is a Parasitic Phorid (Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2012-07-01, 105 (4): 550-554 [2025-03-24]. ISSN 0013-8746. doi:10.1603/AN12011. （原始内容存档于2026-02-15）.
- ^ Guangchun Liu. 2023. A New Genus of Scuttle Flies (Diptera: Phoridae) from China, with Description of A New Species. Zoological Systematics. 48(4): 361-364 DOI: 10.11865/zs.2023402
- ^ Myriophora alexandrae. Parasite of the Day. [2024-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2024-03-14）.
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