叉点

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File:Cubic with double point.svg
原点是曲线y2x2(x+1)=0的叉点

叉点(英语:Crunode[1])在数学上是指曲线和自身相交叉的点,曲线的二个分支在此位置有不同的切线。叉点也称为平常二重点[2][3]

平面曲线f(x, y) = 0中(f(x, y)为变数xy光滑函数xy为实数),叉点是函数f奇点,在此处函数的偏导数<math>\partial f\over \partial x</math>和<math>\partial f\over \partial y</math>会为零,且二阶导数的海森矩阵会有负值的特征值

<math class="block">\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} \frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial y^2} - \left(\frac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x ~\partial y}\right)^2 < 0.</math>[4]

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参考资料[编辑]

  1. Salmon, George. A treatise on the higher plane curves: intended as a sequel to A treatise on conic sections. Dublin: Hodges, Foster, & Figgis. 1879: 24 [2025-01-31]. 
  2. Fulton, William. Algebraic curves: an introduction to algebraic geometry (PDF). 2008: 33 [31 January 2025]. 
  3. Weisstein, Eric W. Crunode. Mathworld. [14 January 2014]. 
  4. Hilton, Harold. Plane algebraic curves. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1920: 26 [31 January 2025].