捕鸟蛛科
（重定向自Theraphosidae）
| 捕鸟蛛科File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石时期：
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| File:Brachypelma edit.jpg | |
| 短尾蛛属（Brachypelma sp.） | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 亚目： | 背突蛛亚目 Opisthothelae |
| 下目： | 猛蛛亚目 Mygalomorphae |
| 科： | 捕鸟蛛科 Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 |
| 属 | |
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约113属 | |
捕鸟蛛（学名：Tarantula）属于较原始的蜘蛛，其全身密生细毛。亦称为大兰多毒蛛、塔兰托毒蛛、塔兰图拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鸟蛛身上某些地方可能长有一种刺激性的螫毛，可在面临危险时使用后腿向老鼠等天敌抛洒这种天然的致痒粉，而天敌遇到这种螫毛会产生类似于工人铺设纤维玻璃毛毡后产生的刺痒感。这种方式可以帮助叮咬能力较弱的美洲捕鸟蛛保护自己不受伤害，而美洲捕鸟蛛也因此拥有相对于亚洲捕鸟蛛较低的毒性。
亚科[编辑]
（中美洲 Acanthopelminae）[编辑]
- Acanthopelma F. O. P. Cambridge, 1897
（南美洲 Aviculariinae）[编辑]
- Avicularia
- Iridopelma Pocock, 1901
- Ephebopus Lamarck, 1818
- Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Avicularia caei Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia gamba[1]
- Avicularia glauca Simon, 1891
- Avicularia hirschii Bullmer, Thierer-Lutz & Schmidt, 2006
- Avicularia hirsutissima (C.L.Koch, 1842)
- Avicularia juruensis Mello-Leitão, 1923
- Avicularia lynnae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia merianae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903
- Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990
- Avicularia rufa Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945
- Avicularia sooretama[1]
- Avicularia taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1920)
- Avicularia testacea (C.L.Koch, 1841)
- Avicularia variegata F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
- Avicularia vestiaria (De Geer, 1778)
- [[Simon, 1892]] Pocock, 1901 Pachistopelma
（非洲 Eumenophorinae）[编辑]
- Gallon, 2005 Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897
- Batesiella Pocock, 1903
- Citharischius
- Simon, 1892 Eumenophorus
- Loxomphalia Simon, 1903
- Myostola Simon, 1903 Hysterocrates
- Simon, 1889 Monocentropus
- Pocock, 1900 Encyocrates
- Pocock, 1897 Simon, 1892
- Mascaraneus Pocock, 1897
- Karsch, 1884 Phoneyusa
- Loxoptygus
（非洲 Harpactirinae）[编辑]
- Augacephalus
- Eucratoscelus Idiothele
- Pocock, 1898 Hewitt, 1919 Ceratogyrus
- Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897
- Harpactira Gallon, 2002
- Pocock, 1897 Ausserer, 1871 Gallon, 2004
- Harpactirella
- Trichognathella Purcell, 1902
（世界 Ischnocolinae）[编辑]
- Vellard, 1924 Catumiri Guadanucci, 2004
- 毛踵蛛属 Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871
- Cratorrhagus
- Simon, 1903 Heterothele
- Ischnocolus Simon, 1903
- Pseudoligoxystre Vol, 2001 Holothele
- Ausserer, 1871 Plesiophrictus
- Simon, 1891 Hemiercus
- Karsch, 1879 Karsch, 1879
- Oligoxystre Pocock, 1899
- Soares & Camargo, 1948 Sickius
- Nesiergus
（东南亚、华南等地 Ornithoctoninae）[编辑]
- Citharognathus 塞勒蛛属
- Haplopelma Phormingochilus
- Simon, 1892 Pocock, 1895 Cyriopagopus
- Lampropelma Pocock, 1895
- [[(海南捕鸟蛛)]] Simon, 1892
- Ornithoctonus Pocock, 1892
（印度 Poecilotheriinae）[编辑]
- 华丽雨林属（Poecilotheria） Simon, 1885]]
（远东、澳洲、等地 棒刺蛛亚科 Selenocosmiinae）[编辑]
- Ausserer, 1871 Chilobrachys Yamia
- Karsch, 1891 Coremiocnemis
- Simon, 1892 单壁蛛属 Haplocosmia
- Pocock, 1895 Orphnaecus
- 美焰蛛属 Psalmopoeus Schmidt, 1999
- Selenotypus Pocock, 1895
- Phlogiellus Pocock, 1895
- Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895
- Psalmopoeus chronoarachne Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
- Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994
- Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006
- Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996
- Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903
- Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880)
- Psalmopoeus satanas Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
- Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014 棒刺蛛属
- Selenotholus Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996
- Lyrognathus Simon, 1892
- Pocock, 1897 Selenocosmia
- Hogg, 1902 Ausserer, 1871
- Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995
- Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996
- Tapinauchenius gretae Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022
- Tapinauchenius herrerai Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022
- Tapinauchenius latipes L.Koch, 1875
- Tapinauchenius plumipes (C.L.Koch, 1842)
- Tapinauchenius polybotes Hüsser, 2018
- Tapinauchenius rasti Hüsser, 2018
- Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837) 雅美蛛属
- Kishida, 1920，为''Phlogiellus'' Pocock, 1897的异名 Tapinauchenius 缨毛蛛属
- Selenobrachys
（印度，非洲 Selengyrinae）[编辑]
- Annandaliella
- Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897
- Euphrictus Hirst, 1909 Hirst, 1908
（非洲西部 Stromatopelmina）[编辑]
- Encyocratella
- Stromatopelma Karsch, 1881
- Heteroscodra Strand, 1907 Pocock, 1899
（南、北美洲 狒蛛亚科 Theraphosinae）[编辑]
- Ausserer, 1871 Cyriocosmus
- Simon, 1892 Euathlus
- Pocock, 1901 Grammostola
- Ausserer, 1875 Hapalotremus 半损蛛属
- Simon, 1903 Homoeomma
- Pérez-Miles, 2000 C. L. Koch, 1850
- 巴伊亚猩红食鸟蛛‘Lasiodora klugi’
- Melloleitaoina Becker, 1878
- Ozopactus Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma Strand, 1907
- Schizopelma Ausserer, 1875
- Stichoplastoris Thorell, 1870 Simon, 1892
- Acanthoscurria
- Ausserer, 1871
- Megaphobema Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1960 Aenigmarachne
- Nhandu Simon, 1889
- Schmidt, 2005 Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma aspidosperma Ferretti & Barneche, 2013
- Plesiopelma gertschi (Caporiacco, 1955)
- Plesiopelma imperatrix Piza, 1976
- Plesiopelma insulare (Mello-Leitão, 1923)
- Plesiopelma longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1942)[3]
- Plesiopelma minense (Mello-Leitão, 1943)
- Plesiopelma myodes Pocock, 1901
- Plesiopelma paganoi Ferretti & Barneche, 2013
- Plesiopelma physopus (Mello-Leitão, 1926)
- Plesiopelma rectimanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923)
- Plesiopelma semiaurantiacum (Simon, 1897)
- Schismatothele
- Stenotarsus Rudloff, 1997 Aphonopelma
- Vitalius Pocock, 1901
- Bonnetina Vol, 2000 短尾蛛属
- Brachypelma Simon, 1891
- Caribena Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
- 油彩粉红趾蜘蛛
- Chromatopelma Schmidt, 1995
- '红绿橙‘Greenbottle Blue tarantula’
- Citharacanthus Pocock, 1901
- Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940
- Crassicrus Reichling & West, 1996
- Cyclosternum Simon, 1903
- Cyrtopholis Ausserer, 1875
- Eupalaestrus Simon, 1892
- Hapalopus Simon, 1903
- Hemirrhagus Ausserer, 1871
- Iracema Lasiodorides
- Pocock, 1901 Nesipelma
- Lucas, 1983 Paraphysa
- Pocock, 1901 Reversopelma
- Karsch, 1879 Sphaerobothria
- Tesmoingt & Schmidt, 2002 捕鸟蛛属 Thrixopelma
- Schmidt, 1994 Xenesthis
- Lasiodora Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997
- Metriopelma Schmidt & Kovarik, 1996
- Pamphobeteus Simon, 1892
- Pseudhapalopus Schmidt, 2001
- Sericopelma Karsch, 1879
- Theraphosa Simon, 1891
- Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 Tmesiphantes
- F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1897 Phormictopus
（印度 Selenogyrinae）[编辑]
- Pocock, 1899 Haploclastus Simon, 1892
- Thrigmopoeus
其他[编辑]
- Neischnocolus
- Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901
- Neoheterophrictus Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
- Neischnocolus armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014)
- Neischnocolus caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2008)
- Neischnocolus cisnerosi [4]
- Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020
- Neischnocolus mecana Echeverri, Gómez Torres, Pinel & Perafán, 2023
- Neischnocolus obscurus (Ausserer, 1875)
- Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925
- Neischnocolus pijaos (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
- Neischnocolus tsere [4]
- Neischnocolus valentinae (Almeida, Salvatierra & de Morais, 2019)
- Neischnocolus weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008)
- Neischnocolus yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008) Siliwal & Raven, 2012
- Neoheterophrictus amboli Mirza & Sanap, 2014
- Neoheterophrictus bhori (Gravely, 1915)
- Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis Sunil Jose, 2020
- Neoheterophrictus crurofulvus Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
- Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus (Gravely, 1935)
- Neoheterophrictus sahyadri Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
- Neoheterophrictus smithi Mirza, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014
- Neoheterophrictus uttarakannada Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Bertani, RogéRio; Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C. L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae)—three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2009-09-08, 2223 (1): 25–47 [2025-02-12]. ISSN 1175-5334. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2223.1.2. （原始内容存档于2024-09-14）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Peñaherrera-R., Pedro; León-E., Roberto J. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) species and tarantula conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 2023-12-13, 1186: 185-205 [2025-02-12]. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10838173 可免费查阅. PMID 38312860. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991. （原始内容存档于2025-05-01）.
- ^ Nelson, Ferretti; Micaela, Nicoletta; Daniela, Soresi. An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 2024-01-01, 308: 131-143. ISSN 0044-5231. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 PeñAherrera-R., Pedro; Guerrero-Campoverde, Ariel; LeóN-E., Roberto J.; Pinos-SáNchez, AndréS; FalcóN-ReibáN, José M. Two new Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 2023-09-28, 5351 (4): 483-493 [2025-02-12]. ISSN 1175-5334. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6. （原始内容存档于2025-05-16）.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Siliwal, Manju; Gupta, Neha; Raven, Robert. A new genus of the family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2012-11-26, 04 (14): 3233–3254 [2025-02-12]. doi:10.11609/JoTT.o3065.3233-54. （原始内容存档于2025-04-24）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Bertani, Rogério; Nagahama, Roberto Hiroaki; Fukushima, Caroline Sayuri. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2011-04-11, 2814 (1): 1-18 [2025-02-12]. ISSN 1175-5334. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2814.1.1. （原始内容存档于2024-09-15） （English）.
Module:Taxonbar第160行Lua错误：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)