模板:Citation/doc

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File:Disambig gray.svg关于[来源请求]模板，请见{{citation needed}}。

Citation模板是一个多功能模板，可用于引用书籍、期刊、收集工作、专利或网站。此模板的设立目的，是要成为一个可供所有引用用途的模板，其格式为哈佛参考文献格式。与其他引用模板一样，这个模板既可以用于脚注（用于<ref>...</ref>tag中），又可以用于列出来源的章节中。这个模板使用了与引文格式1模板相同的Lua语言，并且带有将显示的格式变更为引文格式2的参数。

在使用正确参数的情况下，这个模板将会产生与{{Cite book}}和{{Cite web}}等其他引用模板相同的输出，但它和这些模板相比存在一个重大例外：默认情况下，这个引用模板会在引用模板默认使用句点的地方自动使用逗号；任何类型的模板都可以通过使用可选参数选择使用句点或逗号。

无论是使用了哪种引用模板，抑或是没有使用任何引用模板，在被保存并呈现的文本中，一篇文章的所有引用都应该有相同的格式。

注意：

  • 所有参数名称都必须为小写字母。
  • 不可见Unicode空格字符（参见列表）将返回错误信息。请删除无意添加的不可见字符，并将有意添加的不可见字符替换为对应HTML实体（如&ZeroWidthSpace;）。

简单引用[编辑]

本章节会介绍这个模板最常用的参数。你可以复制下方的水平表格或垂直表格并从完整列表中添加额外参数。模板中参数的间距和顺序不会影响最终呈现的文本。

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}} 

{{Citation
| last        =
| first       =
| year        =
| title       =
| publisher   =
| publication-place =
| page        =
| url         =
| access-date =
}}
  • last：作者的姓。不要与author同时使用。
  • first：作者的名。
  • year：出版年份。除非|date=同时指定了年份和月份，否则必须与Template:Harvard citation中的链接同时使用。
  • title：出版物名称。若为网络参考资料则会强制使用。
  • publisher：出版社名称。英文字眼如Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd.等应省略，但保留Books或Press。通常不应填写有维基百科自身文章的期刊，例如《告示牌_和《新闻周刊》。
    • publication-place（或place、location)：出版城市。如果在标题页出现多个城市，选择第1个城市或出版商的总部所在地。如果出版物的名称指定了出版地点（如《纽约时报》、《印度时报》，省略之。）
  • page：用于引用文章的某一页。请在页数前添加“p.”。不要和pages同时使用。
  • url：项目可被访问的线上位置的URL。若此url包含双引号，请将之编码为“%22”。
    • access-date：URL被访问的日期[n 1]。

例子[编辑]

{{Citation
| last      = Turner
| first     = Orsamus
| title     = History of the pioneer settlement of
Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve
| publisher = William Alling
| place     = Rochester, New York
| year      = 1851
| ol        = 7120924W
}}
Turner, Orsamus, History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, 1851, OL 7120924W 

引用书籍[编辑]

参数（皆为可选）[编辑]

{{Citation
 | last =
 | first =
 | author-link =
 | last2 =
 | first2 =
 | author2-link =
 | date =
 | year =
 | title =
 | edition =
 | volume =
 | place =
 | publisher =
 | id =
 | isbn =
 | doi =
 | oclc =
 | url =
 | accessdate =
}}
  • last（或last1）：第一位作者的姓。
  • first（或first1）：第一位作者的名。
  • author-link（或author1-link）：第一位作者在维基百科中的条目标题（如适用）。
  • last2、last3、last4：第二、第三和第四位作者的姓（如适用）。
  • first2、first3、first4：第二、第三和第四位作者的名（如适用）。
  • author2-link、author3-link、author4-link：第二、第三和第四位作者在维基百科上的条目标题（如适用）。
  • date：出版日期。
  • year：出版年份。
  • title：书名。
  • edition：版次（如果书本不是第1版的话）。例如：edition=2nd（第二版）。
  • volume：多期次书本中的期号。
  • place（或location）：出版城市。如果在标题页出现多个城市，选择第1个城市或出版商的总部所在地。如果该城市不为人所知，必须加上县、地区或州名。美国州份以2字母缩写列出，例如：Place=Paris, TX（后面不加句号）。如果出版社在大学，或是该城市是属于大学城的一部分，不要使用该参数。
  • publisher：出版社名称。英文字眼如Publishers、Co.、Inc.、Ltd.等应省略，但保留Books或Press。
  • id：识别码。（当其他专有识别号码，如国际标准书号不适用时使用。）
  • isbn: 国际标准书号（ISBN），如ISBN 1-111-22222-9。
  • doi: 数位物件识别号（DOI），如10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001。
  • oclc: OCLC号码，如3185581。
  • url: 书本的网址。
  • accessdate：网页浏览日期。

例子[编辑]

仅一位作者 
{{ Citation
 | last=Turner
 | first=O.
 | title=History of the Pioneer
Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's
Purchase, and Morris' Reserve
 | publisher=William Alling
 | place=Rochester, New York
 | year=1851
 | url = http://olivercowdery.com/
texts/1851Trn1.htm#turn1851
 }}.
Turner, O., History of the Pioneer Settlement of Phelps and Gorham's Purchase, and Morris' Reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, 1851 .
三位作者、一册书和一位校对者 
{{ Citation
 | last1=Lincoln
 | first1=A.
 | last2=Washington
 | first2=G.
 | last3=Adams
 | first3=J.
 | title=All the Presidents' Names
 | publisher=The Pentagon
 | place=Home Base, New York
 | volume=XII
 | edition=2nd
 | year=2007
}}.
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G.; Adams, J., All the Presidents' Names XII 2nd, Home Base, New York: The Pentagon, 2007 .

引用自期刊、报纸、杂志或其他刊物[编辑]

参数[编辑]

{{Citation
 | last=
 | first=
 | author-link=
 | year=
 | title=
 | periodical=
 | volume=
 | issue=
 | pages=
 | url=
 | doi=
 | oclc=
}}.
  • last（或 last1）：第一位作者的姓。
  • first（或 first1）：第一位作者的名。
  • author-link (or author1-link): 第一位作者在维基百科中的条目标题（如适用）。
  • last2, last3, last4: 第二、第三和第四位作者的姓（如适用）。
  • first2, first3, first4: 第二、第三和第四位作者的名（如适用）。
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: 第二、第三和第四位作者在维基百科上的条目标题（如适用）。
  • date: 出版日期。
  • year: 出版年份。
  • title: 标题。
  • periodical: 期刊、报章或杂志的名称。
  • volume: 刊物册数。
  • issue (or number): 刊物发行期数。
  • pages: 文章页数（如适用）。
  • url: 文章的网址。
  • doi: 数位物件识别号（DOI），如10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001。
  • oclc: OCLC号码，如3185581。
  • accessdate: 网页浏览日期。

例子[编辑]

Journal article 
{{Citation
 | last=Hill
 | first=Marvin S.
 | title=Joseph Smith and the 1826
Trial: New Evidence and New
Difficulties
 | journal=BYU Studies
 | volume=12
 | issue=2
 | year=1976
 | pages=1–8
 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf
 }}.
Hill, Marvin S., Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties (PDF), BYU Studies, 1976, 12 (2): 1–8 .
Newspaper article 
{{Citation
 | last=Smith
 | first=Joseph III
 | author-link=Joseph Smith III
 | title=Last Testimony of Sister Emma
 | newspaper=The Saints' Herald
 | volume=26
 | issue=19
 | date=[[October 1]], [[1879]]
 | year=1879
 | month=October
 | page=289
 | url=http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/
dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179
 }}.
Smith, Joseph III, Last Testimony of Sister Emma, The Saints' Herald 26 (19), October 1, 1879: 289 .

引用编辑书或部分编辑书，包括百科全书或百科全书条目[编辑]

参数[编辑]

{{Citation
 | last=
 | first=
 | author-link=
 | last2=
 | first2=
 | author2-link
 | year=
 | date=
 | publication-date=
 | contribution=
 | contribution-url=
 | editor-last=
 | editor-first=
 | editor-link=
 | editor2-last=
 | editor2-first=
 | editor2-link=
 | title=
 | edition=
 | place=
 | publication-place=
 | publisher=
 | volume=
 | pages=
 | id=
 | doi=
 | oclc=
 | url=
}}.
  • last (or last1): The first author's surname or last name.
  • first (or first1): The first author's first or given name(s).
  • author-link (or author1-link): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author.
  • last2, last3, last4: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
  • first2, first3, first4: The second, third, and fourth authors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth author, if applicable.
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
  • date: Date of authorship or publication.
  • publication-date: Date of publication (if different than date).
  • contribution (or chapter): Title of the contribution or chapter.
  • contribution-url (or chapter-url): URL of the contribution or chapter.
  • editor-last (or editor1-last): The first editor's surname or last name.
  • editor-first (or editor2-first): The first editor's first or given name(s).
  • editor-link (or editor1-link): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first editor.
  • editor2-last, editor3-last, editor4-last: The second, third, and fourth editor' surname or last name, if applicable.
  • editor2-first, editor3-first, editor4-first: The second, third, and fourth editors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
  • editor2-link, editor3-link, editor4-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth editor, if applicable.
  • title: Title of the book or compilation.
  • edition: Number or name of the edition, if not the first; for example: edition=2nd.
  • volume: The volume number of a multi-volume book or compilation.
  • place (or location): The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate publication-place parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
  • publication-place. The place where the collective work was published (if different from place or location).
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such as Publishers, Co., Inc., Ltd., etc., but retain the words Books or Press.
  • id: Identifier such as ISBN 1-111-22222-9
  • isbn: Use this parameter if the book or compilation has an ISBN.
  • doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
  • oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581
  • url: An url of an online location where the book or compilationcan be found.
  • accessdate: Date when the url was accessed.

例子[编辑]

Manuscript published in an edited compilation 
{{Citation
 | last=Bidamon
 | first=Emma Smith
 | author-link=Emma Hale Smith
 | chapter=Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim
 | date=1876-03-27
 | editor-surname=Vogel
 | editor-first=Dan
 | title=Early Mormon Documents
 | volume=1
 | publisher=Signature Books
 | publication-date=1996
 | isbn=1-56085-072-8
 }}.
Bidamon, Emma Smith, Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim, Vogel, Dan (编), Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books, 1876-03-27 (1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8  .
Work with an editor but no author 
{{Citation
 | editor-surname=Vogel
 | editor-first=Dan
 | title=Early Mormon Documents
 | volume=1
 | publisher=Signature Books
 | publication-date=1996
 | isbn=1-56085-072-8
 }}.
Vogel, Dan (编), Early Mormon Documents 1, Signature Books, 1996, ISBN 1-56085-072-8 .
Encyclopedia article by a named author 
{{Citation
  | last = Kramer
  | first = Martin
  | author-link = Martin Kramer
  | contribution = Bernard Lewis
  | editor-last = Boyd
  | editor-first = Kelley
  | title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | place = London
  | publication-date = 1999
  | contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}.
Kramer, Martin, Bernard Lewis, Boyd, Kelley (编), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn: 719–720, 1999 .
Encyclopedia article with no named author 
{{Citation
  | contribution = Bernard Lewis
  | editor-last = Boyd
  | editor-first = Kelley
  | title = Encyclopedia of Historians
and Historical Writing
  | volume = 1
  | pages = 719–720
  | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn
  | place = London
  | year = 1999
  | contribution-url = http://
www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/
BernardLewis.htm
}}.
Boyd, Kelley (编), Bernard Lewis, Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn: 719–720, 1999 .

Citing contributions, republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article[编辑]

Parameters[编辑]

{{Citation
 | last=
 | first=
 | author-link=
 | last2=
 | first2=
 | author2-link
 | year=
 | date=
 | publication-date=
 | contribution=
 | contribution-url=
 | editor-last=
 | editor-first=
 | editor-link=
 | editor2-last=
 | editor2-first=
 | editor2-link=
 | title=
 | periodical=
 | volume=
 | issue=
 | pages=
 | place=
 | publication-place=
 | publisher=
 | id=
 | doi=
 | oclc=
 | url=
}}.
  • last (or last1): The first author's surname or last name.
  • first (or first1): The first author's first or given name(s).
  • author-link (or author1-link): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first author.
  • last2, last3, last4: The second, third, and fourth authors' surname or last name, if applicable.
  • first2, first3, first4: The second, third, and fourth authors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
  • author2-link, author3-link, author4-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth author, if applicable.
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. (Mandatory for use with links from Template:Harvard citation. In some situations, the template may be able to derive a year from the full date.)
  • date: Date of authorship or publication.
  • publication-date: Date of publication (if different than date).
  • contribution (or chapter): Title of the contribution or chapter.
  • contribution-url (or chapter-url): URL of the contribution or chapter.
  • editor-last (or editor1-last): The first editor's surname or last name.
  • editor-first (or editor2-first): The first editor's first or given name(s).
  • editor-link (or editor1-link): Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the first editor.
  • editor2-last, editor3-last, editor4-last: The second, third, and fourth editor' surname or last name, if applicable.
  • editor2-first, editor3-first, editor4-first: The second, third, and fourth editors' first or given name(s), if applicable.
  • editor2-link, editor3-link, editor4-link: Title of an existing Wikipedia article about the second, third, and fourth editor, if applicable.
  • title: Title of the book or compilation.
  • periodical (or journal, newspaper, magazine): Name of the periodical.
  • volume: The volume number of the journal.
  • issue (or number): The issue number of the journal.
  • pages (optional): The pages in the issue where the article may be found.
  • place (or location): The place where the article, encyclopedia entry, or other included item was created. Usually, this is collective work's city of publication; if not, then use the separate publication-place parameter. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. If the city is not well-known, you may add a county, region, or state. States in the U.S. are denoted by a two-letter code; for example: place=Paris, TX (no period at the end). Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university, do not use this parameter.
  • publication-place. The place where the collective work was published (if different from place or location).
  • id: Identifier such as ISBN 1-111-22222-9
  • doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001.
  • oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581
  • url: An url of an online location where the book or compilation can be found.
  • accessdate: Date when the url was accessed.

Examples[编辑]

Manuscript edited and published in a journal 
{{Citation
 | last=Knight
 | first=Joseph, Sr.
 | year=1833
 | editor-last=Jessee
 | editor-first=Dean
 | title=Joseph Knight's Recollection
of Early Mormon History
 | journal=BYU Studies
 | volume=17
 | issue=1
 | publication-date=1976
 | pages=35
 | url=https://byustudies.byu.edu/
shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf
 }}.
 Knight, Joseph, Sr., Jessee, Dean , 编, Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History (PDF), BYU Studies, 1833, 17 (1): 351976 .
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. 
{{Citation
 | last=Klingensmith
 | first=Philip
 | date=1872-09-05
 | place=Lincoln County, Nevada
 | title=Mountain Meadows Massacre
 | editor-last=Toohy
 | editor-first=Dennis J.
 | journal=Corinne Daily Reporter
 | publication-date=1872-09-24
 | publication-place=Corinne, Utah
 | volume=5
 | issue=252
 | pages=1 
 }}.
 Klingensmith, Philip, 写于Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. , 编, Mountain Meadows Massacre, Corinne Daily Reporter (Corinne, Utah), 1872-09-05, 5 (252): 1 (1872-09-24)  .

Dates[编辑]

  1. ^ The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include: Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references. Please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) § Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

模板数据[编辑]

工具[编辑]

你可以在Wikipedia:列明来源#工具看到帮助你以“citation”格式制造参考文献的工具的列表。


检索自“https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?title=Template:Citation/doc&oldid=270359”