鳐科

鳐科File:Infobox info icon2.svg; 化石时期：晚白垩世至今 PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	File:Amblyraja hyperborea1.jpg
	北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja hyperborea
科学分类编辑
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
目：	鳐目 Rajiformes
科：	鳐科 Rajidae; Bonaparte, 1831
属
	见内文。
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鳐科（学名：Rajidae、英语：Skates）是鳐形目的典型科，本科鱼身体扁平，胸鳍宽大，腹鳍有一个明显的缺刻，几乎将腹鳍分为两叶，两个背鳍非常小，紧靠尾部，尾细小，通常无尾鳍，如有也没有鳍条支持。

鳐科鱼生活在海底，以甲壳类动物和小鱼为食，是一种经济鱼类，但根据绿色和平，本科有数种鱼类遭受过度捕捞的危险。

鳐通常长有扁平的身体，眼睛长在头部上方，便于观测水面上的变化；嘴和鳃裂长在身体正方，便于取食海底的带壳动物。有些鳐鱼长有特别宽大的胸鳍，能像飞机一样在水面上滑行。鳐鱼的鼻子下侧长有电子感应系统。这种系统连接着鳐鱼的感觉神经细胞。多数水生动物在游动时都会产生电子信号，鳐鱼就用自身的电子感应系统搜索食物的信号，并进行捕猎。鳐为卵生软骨鱼类。

分类[编辑]

鳐科下分17个属，如下^[2]：

钝头鳐属 Amblyraja[编辑]

多氏钝头鳐 Amblyraja doellojuradoi 弗氏钝头鳐
Amblyraja georgiana 棘背钝头鳐 Amblyraja radiata
[[(Norman, 1938)]] (Donovan, 1808)：又称钝头𫚉 Amblyraja frerichsi
北极钝头鳐 Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906)
Amblyraja hyperborea 塔氏钝头鳐 (Pozzi, 1935)
[[(G. Krefft, 1968)]] (Collett, 1879)：又称北极钝头𫚉 (E. E. Meisner, 1987)
詹氏钝头鳐 南极钝头鳐 Amblyraja jenseni
Amblyraja taaf 阿拉伯海钝头鳐 (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)

白令鳐属 Beringraja[编辑]

[[(Liu, 1932)：又称美鳐。]] Beringraja binoculata (Girard, 1855)：又称双斑鳐。
双斑白令鳐 美白令鳐 Beringraja pulchra

短鳐属 Breviraja[编辑]

小棘短鳐 莫氏短鳐 耀斑短鳐
Breviraja claramaculata 科氏短鳐 Breviraja mouldi
[[Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950]] McEachran & Matheson, 1995 Breviraja colesi
黑腹短鳐 Breviraja spinosa McEachran & Matheson, 1985
[[Bigelow & Schroeder, 1948]] McEachran & Matheson, 1985 Breviraja nigriventralis

加州鳐属Caliraja[编辑]

长吻加州鳐 科特加州鳐 Caliraja cortezensis
北美加州鳐 Caliraja rhina (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880)：又称长吻鳐。
Caliraja inornata 小星加州鳐 (McEachran & Miyake, 1988)：又称柯特鳐。
[[(D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1881)：又称北美鳐。]] Jordan & Gilbert, 1880：又称小星鳐。 Caliraja stellulata

指鳐属 Dactylobatus[编辑]

[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)]] Dactylobatus armatus B. A. Bean & A. C. Weed, 1909
指鳐 克氏指鳐 Dactylobatus clarkii

齿鳐属（英语：Dentiraja） Dentiraja[编辑]

澳洲齿鳐 Dentiraja australis 褐黄齿鳐
Dentiraja confusa 弗氏齿鳐 Dentiraja flindersi
[[(Last, 2008)]] Last & Gledhill, 2008 Dentiraja cerva
恩氏齿鳐 Dentiraja healdi (Ogilby, 1910)
[[(Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008)]] Dentiraja endeavouri 莱氏齿鳐
(Macleay, 1884) (Whitley, 1939) (Last, 2008)
(Richardson, 1845) 希氏齿鳐 眼斑齿鳐
伪光齿鳐 Dentiraja oculus (Last, 2008)
鸢齿鳐 Dentiraja falloarga 多眼齿鳐
Dentiraja lemprieri Dentiraja polyommata (Last, 2008)

长吻鳐属（Dipturus）[编辑]

温氏长吻鳐 Dipturus wengi 迪氏长吻鳐
汉霖长吻鳐 Dipturus acrobelus Dipturus apricus
Dipturus diehli 道氏长吻鳐
[[Jeong & Nakabo, 2008：又伍氏长吻鳐。]] Dipturus doutrei Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
[[(Cadenat, 1960)]] Dipturus wuhanlingi 厄瓜多尔长吻鳐
[[Séret & Last, 2008]] Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Alcock, 1899)
[[(Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)]] 阿根廷长吻鳐 黄吻长吻鳐
Dipturus trachyderma Dipturus flavirostris 光滑长吻鳐
[[(Philippi {Krumweide}, 1892)]] Dipturus lamillai 加氏长吻鳐
Dipturus argentinensis Dipturus garricki (J. H. Wallace, 1967)：又称尖嘴老板𫚙。
[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958)]] 天狗长吻鳐 巨长吻鳐
[[(G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975)]] Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008
[[(Ishiyama, 1958)：又称巨鳐。]] 大尾长吻鳐 格氏长吻鳐
Dipturus melanospilus Dipturus grahamorum (J. H. Wallace, 1967)
[[Last, 2008]] 蓝长吻鳐 古氏长吻鳐
Dipturus stenorhynchus Dipturus gudgeri U. L. Gomes & Paragó, 2001
[[(Whitley, 1940)]] 欧氏长吻鳐 光背长吻鳐
Dipturus batis Dipturus innominatus Dipturus springeri
[[(Garrick & Paul, 1974)]] 奥氏长吻鳐 中间长吻鳐
Dipturus oregoni Dipturus intermedius (Linnaeus, 1758)
[[(Parnell, 1837)]] (Linnaeus, 1758) 约氏长吻鳐
昆士兰长吻鳐 Dipturus johannisdavisi 深水长吻鳐
双刺长吻鳐 布利斯长吻鳐 广东长吻鳐
Dipturus kwangtungensis (Y. T. Chu, 1960)：又称广东鳐、广东老板𫚙。 Dipturus bullisi
Dipturus laevis (Mitchill, 1818) 拉氏长吻鳐
[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962)]] (Concha, Caira, Ebert & Pompert, 2019)^[4] 尖嘴长吻鳐
Dipturus lanceorostratus 坎氏长吻鳐 细尾长吻鳐
Dipturus leptocauda Dipturus amphispinus Dipturus campbelli
Dipturus macrocauda (Ishiyama, 1955)：又称大尾鳐、大尾老板𫚙。 黑点长吻鳐
[[(J. H. Wallace, 1967)]] Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008 门氏长吻鳐
Dipturus mennii 灰长吻鳐 挪威长吻鳐
Dipturus nidarosiensis (Storm, 1881) Dipturus canutus
Dipturus olseni (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951) Last & Alava, 2013^[3]
[[Last, 2008]] (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1958) 尖长吻鳐
Dipturus oxyrinchus 中华长吻鳐 晴斑长吻鳐
Dipturus pullopunctatus ([[James Smith (ichthyologist)|J. L. B. Smith]], 1964) Dipturus chinensis
Dipturus queenslandicus Last, W. T. White & Pogonoski, 2008 史氏长吻鳐
[[(Basilewsky, 1855)：又称华鳐。]] (J. H. Wallace, 1967) 窄吻长吻鳐
日光长吻鳐 克氏长吻鳐 蒂氏长吻鳐
Dipturus teevani (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951) Dipturus crosnieri
Dipturus tengu (D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903)：又称天狗老板𫚙、长鼻鳐。 糙皮长吻鳐
[[(Séret, 1989)]] (G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1975) Dipturus gigas

洪鳐属（英语：Korean skate） Hongeo[编辑]

朝鲜洪鳐 Hongeo koreana (Jeong & Nakabo, 1997)

白𫚉属 Leucoraja[编辑]

Leucoraja circularis Leucoraja pristispina
[[(Couch, 1838)]] 康氏白鳐 Leucoraja compagnoi
[[(Stehmann, 1995)]] 伊莱恩白鳐 Leucoraja elaineae
猬白鳐 (Mitchill, 1825) Leucoraja fullonica
加氏白鳐 Leucoraja lentiginosa (Stehmann, 1971)
突尼斯白鳐 Leucoraja naevus 华莱士白鳐
[[(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)]] Leucoraja wallacei Leucoraja garmani
[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1951)]] 长鼻白鳐 Leucoraja melitensis
密点白鳐 (Hulley, 1970)
Leucoraja erinacea 结刺白鳐 (Linnaeus, 1758)
[[(Whitley, 1939)]] 小点白鳐 Leucoraja longirostris
[[(R. S. Clark, 1926)]] (Mitchill, 1815) Leucoraja yucatanensis
[[Last, Stehmann & Séret, 2008]] 墨西哥白鳐 锯棘白鳐
[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1950)]] Leucoraja ocellata 圆白鳐
雀斑白鳐 Leucoraja leucosticta 肩斑白鳐

丑鳐属Malacoraja[编辑]

紫红丑鳐 冰岛丑鳐 Malacoraja kreffti
暗丑鳐 Malacoraja senta (Garman, 1885)
Malacoraja obscura 粗皮丑鳐 (Stehmann, 1978)
[[M. R. de Carvalho, U. L. Gomes & Gadig, 2005]] (Barnard, 1923) Malacoraja spinacidermis

新鳐属 Neoraja[编辑]

斯氏新鳐 卡罗林新鳐 非洲新鳐
Neoraja africana 淡黑新鳐 Neoraja carolinensis
[[(Hulley, 1972)]] McEachran & Stehmann, 1984 Neoraja caerulea
伊比利亚新鳐 Neoraja stehmanni (Stehmann & Séret, 1983)
[[(Stehmann, 1976)]] Stehmann, Séret, M. E. Costa & Baro, 2008 Neoraja iberica

𫚙魮属(又称瓮鳐属) Okamejei[编辑]

[[(Bleeker, 1860)：又称麦氏鳐、麦氏𫚙魮。]] Okamejei acutispina Okamejei philipi
[[(Ishiyama, 1958)：又称光棘鳐、耳棘𫚙魮、尖棘冈村鳐。]] 阿氏瓮鳐 Okamejei arafurensis
[[Last & Gledhill, 2008]] 鲍氏瓮鳐 Okamejei boesemani
凯氏瓮鳐 Last, Fahmi & Ishihara, 2010 Okamejei heemstrai
何氏瓮鳐 Okamejei kenojei Last & Gledhill, 2008
孟氏瓮鳐 Okamejei ornata 施氏瓮鳐
[[Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2015^[5]]] Okamejei schmidti Okamejei hollandi
[[(J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841)：又称斑鳐、平背𫚙魮。]] 麦氏瓮鳐 Okamejei mengae
菲律宾瓮鳐 (Ishiyama, 1958) (Ishihara, 1987)：又称鲍氏鳐、鲍氏𫚙魮、鲍氏冈村鳐。
Okamejei cairae 希氏瓮鳐 (McEachran & Fechhelm, 1982)
[[(D. S. Jordan & R. E. Richardson, 1909)：又称何氏鳐、何氏𫚙魮、何氏冈村鳐。]] 小尾瓮鳐 Okamejei meerdervoortii
[[Jeong, Nakabo & H. L. Wu, 2007]] Misawa, Babaran & Motomura, 2022 菲利浦瓮鳐
Okamejei panayensis 尖棘瓮鳐
斑瓮鳐 Okamejei leptoura 华丽瓮鳐

环鳐属（英语：Orbiraja） Orbiraja[编辑]

[[(Alcock, 1898)]] Orbiraja jensenae (Last & A. P. K. Lim, 2010)
杰氏环鳐 波氏环鳐 Orbiraja powelli

鳐属 Raja[编辑]

[[Linnaeus, 1758]] Raja asterias Raja pita
[[Delaroche, 1809]] Capapé, 1977 短尾鳐
Raja brachyura Lafont, 1873 背棘鳐
Raja clavata 蓝原鳐 Koerber & Kast, 2023
Raja herwigi 马德拉鳐 Raja mauritaniensis
[[Montagu, 1818]] 蒙鳐 Raja ocellifera
多刺鳐 Günther, 1874 Raja straeleni
Regan, 1906 Raja polystigma 龙氏鳐
[[Poll, 1951]] Raja maderensis White & Fricke, 2021
镜鳐 Raja montagui 小鳐
[[Regan, 1923]] Raja rondeleti 波鳐
Bougis, 1959 Raja undulata 斯氏鳐
Raja parva Linnaeus, 1758 Raja cyanoplax
赫氏鳐 G. Krefft, 1965 R. T. Lowe, 1838
小睛斑鳐 Raja miraletus Fowler, 1910
Last & Séret, 2016 Raja radula 鲁氏鳐
[[Lacépède, 1802]] Raja porosa 孔鳐
Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995 粗背鳐 褐斑鳐
[[Delaroche, 1809]] Raja rouxi 星斑鳐
毛里塔尼亚鳐 Raja microocellata 多叶鳐

细鳐属 Rajella[编辑]

[[Bigelow & Schroeder, 1954]] Rajella annandalei Rajella lintea
[[M. C. W. Weber, 1913]] G. Krefft & Stehmann, 1974 巴氏细鳐
Rajella barnardi Norman, 1935 深细鳐
Rajella bathyphila 比氏细鳐 Stehmann, 1978
Rajella caudaspinosa 查氏细鳐 Rajella dissimilis
[[Long & McCosker, 1999]] 法氏细鳐 Rajella kukujevi
黑体细鳐 Bigelow & Schroeder, 1962 Dolganov, 1985
Rajella nigerrima 暗灰细鳐 Rajella challengeri
[[Hulley, 1970]] 灰细鳐 Rajella fyllae
狮色细鳐 F. de Buen, 1960 Rajella ravidula
Rajella leopardus Holt & Byrne, 1908 Rajella bigelowi
尾棘细鳐 von Bonde & Swart, 1923 Last & Stehmann, 2008
艾氏细鳐 Rajella fuliginea Lütken, 1887
[[von Bonde & Swart, 1923]] Rajella paucispinosa 萨氏细鳐
[[Hulley, 1970]] Rajella purpuriventralis 紫腹细鳐
[[Fries, 1838]] 少刺细鳐 白斑细鳐
[[Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2014^[6]]] Rajella sadowskii 安氏细鳐
鬼细鳐 Rajella eisenhardti 库氏细鳐

吻鳐属 Rostroraja[编辑]

阿氏吻鳐 Rostroraja ackleyi 白吻鳐
Rostroraja bahamensis 赤道吻鳐 Rostroraja equatorialis
[[(Bigelow & Schroeder, 1965)]] (D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890) Rostroraja alba
塞氏吻鳐 Rostroraja texana (A. C. Chandler, 1921)
Rostroraja cervigoni 维氏吻鳐 (Garman, 1881)
[[(Lacépède, 1803)]] (Bigelow & Schroeder, 1964) (Chirichigno F., 1973)
晶吻鳐 巴哈马吻鳐 Rostroraja eglanteria
Rostroraja velezi 美洲吻鳐 (L. A. G. Bosc, 1800)

棘尾鳐属Spiniraja（英语：Spiniraja）[编辑]

怀特氏棘尾鳐 Spiniraja whitleyi (Iredale, 1938)

谷鳐属（英语：Zearaja） Zearaja[编辑]

塔斯马尼亚谷鳐 短尾谷鳐 Zearaja brevicaudata
智利谷鳐 Zearaja maugeana (Last & Gledhill, 2007)
Zearaja chilensis 大鼻谷鳐
[[(Guichenot, 1848)]] (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1841) Zearaja nasuta

参考文献[编辑]

^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.
^ LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363
^ Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.
^ Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.
^ Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.
^ Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

外部链接[编辑]

ARKive – images and movies of the common skate (Dipturus batis)
Kliman, Todd. "Skate Goes From Trash Fish to Treasure （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", Washingtonian, May 1, 2006.

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[FB-1] Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2009). Rajidae. FishBase. Version 2009-01.

[Last2016-2] LAST, P.R. & SÉRET, B. & STEHMANN, M.F.W. & WEIGMANN, S. (2016) Skates, Family Rajidae. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T., Carvalho, M.R. de, Séret, B., Stehmann, M.F.W & Naylor, G.J.P (Eds.) Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: 204–363

[Last2013-3] Last, P.R. & Alava, M. (2013): Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines. （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Pp. 214-227 in: de Carvalho, M.R., Ebert, D.A., Ho, H.-C. & White, W.T. (eds.) : Systematics and biodiversity of sharks, rays, and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of Taiwan. Zootaxa, 3752 (1): 1–386.

[4] Francisco Concha; Janine Caira; David Ebert; Joost Pompert. Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands. Zootaxa. 1 May 2019, 4590 (5): 501–524 [19 March 2020]. （原始内容存档于2020-03-19）.

[Weigmann2015-5] Weigmann, S., Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. (2015): Okamejei ornata n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the northwestern Indian Ocean off Socotra Islands. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 115: 18-29.

[Weigmann2014-6] Weigmann, S.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Thiel, R. Rajella paucispinosa n. sp., a new deep-water skate (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from the western Indian Ocean off South Mozambique, and a revised generic diagnosis (PDF). Zootaxa. 2014, 3847 (3): 359–387 [2023-09-10]. PMID 25112345. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.3. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2023-08-02）.

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鳐科

目录