鲇形目
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| 鲇形目File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石时期:白垩纪晚期至今,
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| File:Ameiurus melas 2021 G1.jpg | |
| 黑𫚔 | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界: | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲: | 辐鳍鱼纲 Actinopteri |
| 亚纲: | 新鳍亚纲 Neopterygii |
| 下纲: | 真骨下纲 Teleostei |
| 高群: | 骨舌鱼高群 Osteoglossocephalai |
| 总群: | 鲱头鱼总群 Clupeocephala |
| 群: | 骨鲱群 Otomorpha |
| 亚群: | 骨鳔亚群 Ostariophysi |
| 派: | 耳鳔派 Otophysa |
| 总目: | 鲇形总目 Siluriphysae |
| 目: | 鲇形目 Siluriformes G. Cuvier, 1817 |
| 科 | |
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(见内文) | |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误:attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
鲇形目[注 1](学名:Siluriformes),属辐鳍鱼纲骨鳔总目,又通称鲇鱼[来源请求][原创研究?]。世界七大洲,除南极洲之外,到处都有鲇鱼[1][2]。有几种鲇鱼是海鱼。这类鱼大小差异极大,包括世界最大的淡水鱼之一的欧鲇,长达5米,重330千克,也包括一种很小的寄生鲇鱼,成体小于10毫米,是最小的脊椎动物。这个目包括35个科,但是现在分类表还在变动,大约有2855种,相当于四分之一的淡水鱼,十分之一全部鱼纲的种类。
鲇形目(Siluriformes)中,多数物种在背鳍 (dorsal) 及胸鳍 (pectoral) 前端具有硬棘构造[3][4],这些棘刺在若干物种中配备毒腺/能分泌毒液,造成刺伤风险。[5][6][7][8]。但因为肉质肥美,在许多地区鲇鱼为重要的淡水食用鱼[9]。
考古学家在非洲肯亚的图尔卡纳湖,挖掘人类遗址,发现195万年前的鱼骨,其鉴识结果认定该鱼骨有机会是鲇鱼(其中部分鱼骨形态特征与鲇鱼属 (Clarias 等) 相似)[10][11]。另外,于1894年,荷兰的化石猎人在亚洲印尼的特里尼尔沿海平原,发现100万年前的直立人[12],该遗址也疑似存在鲇鱼骨头[13],显示人类是“生态广适者”,会捕捉或寻获食物,包含湖泊或近海的鱼类。[14]
概述[编辑]
鲇鱼没有鱼鳞[15],一般有须[16][17],但也有极少数无触须的鲇鱼种类(barbel-less catfish),它们在进化中失去或减少了这些结构[18]。和其他淡水鱼不同,鲇鱼是夜行动物,主要的感觉器官是触须或其他感觉器官,而非依靠视觉[19][20]。一般为杂食性,多为食腐动物[21][22],也吃白鸽[23][24],喜于夜间活动。也有几种是单一性,如寄生鲇只食动物血。卵生,可以各种形式表现出对后代的关心,如筑巢保护幼鱼。鲇鱼大小差别很大。兵鲇属体小,如矛兵鲇体长仅4-5厘米,而大型的欧洲种类欧鲇可达到4.5米,重达300千克。一些体型较小的种,特别是兵鲇属,最受欢迎的观赏鱼,而许多体型较大的则可食用。
鲇鱼是主要食用鱼之一,在亚、美、非洲都有很多饲养鲇鱼的鱼场,出产食用鲇鱼。
名称[编辑]
鲇形目的拉丁名Siluriformes来自Silurus,是希腊语σίλουρος的拉丁化形式,意为“鲇鱼”。所以Siluriformes意为“鲇鱼形的”,故中文称之为“鲇形目”。
分类[编辑]
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注释[编辑]
参考文献[编辑]
- ↑ Catfish - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. www.sciencedirect.com. [2025-09-30].
- ↑ Catfish. www.divessi.com. [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ Order Summary for Siluriformes. fishbase.se. [2025-09-30].
- ↑ Alves, Y. M.; Bergqvist, L. P.; Brito, P. M. The dorsal and pectoral fin spines of catfishes (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes) from the Bauru Group (Late Cretaceous), Brazil: A comparative and critical analysis. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 2019-06-01, 92 [2025-09-30]. ISSN 0895-9811. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2019.02.016.
- ↑ Mann, J. W.; Werntz, J. R. Catfish stings to the hand. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 1991-03, 16 (2) [2025-09-30]. ISSN 0363-5023. PMID 2022846. doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(10)80119-4.
- ↑ Dorooshi, Gholamali. Catfish stings: A report of two cases. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2012-06, 17 (6) [2025-09-30]. ISSN 1735-1995. PMC 3634300 可免费查阅. PMID 23626639.
- ↑ Handle those catfish with care!. Practical Fishkeeping. 2016-06-13 [2025-09-30].
- ↑ Killer catfish? Venomous species surprisingly common, study finds. University of Michigan News. 2009-12-10 [2025-09-30] (en-US).
- ↑ Ordem Siluriformes | PDF | Anatomical Terms Of Location | Fish. Scribd. [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ Archer, Will; Braun, David R.; Harris, Jack W. K.; McCoy, Jack T.; Richmond, Brian G. Early Pleistocene aquatic resource use in the Turkana Basin. Journal of Human Evolution. The Role of Freshwater and Marine Resources in the Evolution of the Human Diet, Brain and Behavior. 2014-12-01, 77 [2025-09-30]. ISSN 0047-2484. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.02.012.
- ↑ Braun, David R.; Harris, John W. K.; Levin, Naomi E.; McCoy, Jack T.; Herries, Andy I. R.; Bamford, Marion K.; Bishop, Laura C.; Richmond, Brian G.; Kibunjia, Mzalendo. Early hominin diet included diverse terrestrial and aquatic animals 1.95 Ma in East Turkana, Kenya. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010-06, 107 (22) [2025-09-30]. PMC 2890426 可免费查阅. PMID 20534571. doi:10.1073/pnas.1002181107.
- ↑ Trinil Homo erectus. www.peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net. [2025-09-30].
- ↑ Joordens, J.C.A.; Wesselingh, F.P.; de Vos, J.; Vonhof, H.B.; Kroon, D. Relevance of aquatic environments for hominins: a case study from Trinil (Java, Indonesia). Journal of Human Evolution. 2009-12, 57 (6) [2025-09-30]. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.06.003 (English).
- ↑ Fagan, Brian. 漁的大歷史. 八旗文化. 2021. ISBN 978-986-5524-47-0.
- ↑ Facts About Catfish. www.petmd.com. [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ 1.3: Sensory Capabilities of Fish. Biology LibreTexts. 2023-06-20 [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ Ovalle, W. K.; Shinn, S. L. Surface morphology of taste buds in catfish barbels. Cell and Tissue Research. 1977-03-01, 178 (3) [2025-09-30]. ISSN 1432-0878. doi:10.1007/BF00218701 (English).
- ↑ Zhou, Tao; Li, Ning; Jin, Yulin; Zeng, Qifan; Prabowo, Wendy; Liu, Yang; Tian, Changxu; Bao, Lisui; Liu, Shikai; Yuan, Zihao; Fu, Qiang. Chemokine C-C motif ligand 33 is a key regulator of teleost fish barbel development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018-05-29, 115 (22) [2025-09-30]. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718603115.
- ↑ Quinn, Steve. Catfish Senses and Sensibilities. In-Fisherman. 2014-04-11 [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ Pohlmann, Kirsten; Atema, Jelle; Breithaupt, Thomas. The importance of the lateral line in nocturnal predation of piscivorous catfish. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 2004-08, 207 (Pt 17) [2025-09-30]. ISSN 0022-0949. PMID 15277552. doi:10.1242/jeb.01129.
- ↑ Rasmussen, Cindy. The Diverse Diet of Catfish: From Small Fish to Algae. A-Z Animals. 2021-10-06 [2025-09-30] (en-US).
- ↑ Morais, Sofia. The Physiology of Taste in Fish: Potential Implications for Feeding Stimulation and Gut Chemical Sensing. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture. 2017-04-03, 25 (2) [2025-09-30]. ISSN 2330-8249. doi:10.1080/23308249.2016.1249279.
- ↑ The catfish that strands itself to kill pigeons. Discover Magazine. [2025-09-30] (English).
- ↑ Enormous pigeon-eating catfish wreaking havoc on Europe’s ecosystems. Animals. 2025-09-30 [2025-09-30] (English).
参见[编辑]
延伸阅读[编辑]
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