非洲侨民

来自Local Chinese Wikipedia
(重定向自非裔
跳转到导航 跳转到搜索
非洲侨民
File:Map of the African Diaspora in the World.svg
分布地区
File:Flag of the United States.svg 美国46,936,733 (2020)[1]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg 巴西18,584,218 (2021)[2]
File:Flag of Haiti.svg 海地9,925,365[3]
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg 法国3,000,000-5,000,000[4]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg 哥伦比亚4,671,160(包括多种族[5]
File:Flag of Yemen.svg 也门3,500,000[6]
File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg 沙特阿拉伯3,370,000[7]
File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg 英国3,171,916(包括英非混血)[8]
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg 牙买加2,510,000[9]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg 墨西哥1,386,556[10]
File:Flag of Spain.svg 西班牙1,206,701,79%为北非人[11]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 加拿大1,198,540[12]
File:Flag of Italy.svg 意大利1,140,000,其中60%为北非人[13]
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg 多米尼加1,138,471[14][15]
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg 委内瑞拉1,087,427[16]
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg 厄瓜多尔1,080,864[17]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg 古巴1,034,044[18]
File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg 波多黎各1,000,000[19]
File:Flag of Germany.svg 德国1,000,000[20]
File:Flag of Peru.svg 秘鲁828,841 (2017)[21]
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg 特立尼达和多巴哥452,536[22]
File:Flag of Australia.svg 澳大利亚380,000[23]
File:Flag of Barbados.svg 巴巴多斯270,853[24]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg 巴基斯坦250,000[25]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg 葡萄牙232,000
File:Flag of Guyana.svg 圭亚那225,860[26]
File:Flag of Suriname.svg 苏里南200,406[27][28][29]
File:Flag of Argentina.svg 阿根廷149,493[30][31]
File:Flag of Grenada.svg 格林纳达108,700[32]
File:Flag of Turkey.svg 土耳其100,000[33]
File:Flag of Russia.svg 俄罗斯50,000[34](2009年预估)
File:Flag of India.svg 印度25,000–70,000[35][36]
语言
通用语:英语美洲加勒比地区)、法语加拿大海地)、海地克里奥尔语西班牙语葡萄牙语、帕皮阿门托语、荷兰语
宗教信仰
基督教伊斯兰教非洲传统宗教、美国黑人宗教
相关族群
非洲人非裔美国人

非洲侨民(英语:African diaspora)是指在非洲以外地区的西非中非原住民后代,通常是在16到19世纪大西洋奴隶贸易贩卖到欧洲美洲黑奴后裔,其中美国、巴西和海地的非裔人口最多。[37][38]

21世纪初,英文中的“非洲侨民”的称呼逐渐通用。[39]非洲侨民一词中的“diaspora”源于希腊语的“διασπορά”,直译为“离散”。在学术界中,这个词也被用于指称最近从非洲移民出去的人。[40]非洲联盟将非洲侨民定义为“不论国籍,居住在非洲大陆外,拥有非洲或部分非洲血统,愿意为非洲大陆、非洲联盟贡献者”[41]。非洲联盟的组成法规定,它将“邀请、鼓励非洲侨民全力参与我们大陆的建设,成为非洲联盟不可或缺的一部分”[42]

种族分布和统计[编辑]

非洲侨民包括但不限于:

  • 非裔美国人、非裔加勒比人、非裔拉丁美洲人、加拿大黑人:在大西洋奴隶贸易期间被带到美国、加勒比海、中美洲和南美洲的被奴役的西非人的后裔。
  • 非裔阿拉伯人(非裔沙特人、非裔阿曼人、非裔叙利亚人、非裔巴勒斯坦人、非裔伊拉克人、非裔约旦人等)、非裔伊朗人、非裔土耳其人:祖先被带到埃及津芝奴隶后裔,祖先在印度洋奴隶贸易期间被带到近东和亚洲其他地区。
  • 西迪人:津芝奴隶后裔,祖先被带到印度次大陆(巴基斯坦和印度),在巴基斯坦也称为马克拉尼(Makrani)。
洲/地区 人口 非裔比例 非裔和非裔混血人口[43]
加勒比地区 41,309,327 67% 27,654,061
File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg 圣基茨和尼维斯 39,619 98% 38,827
File:Flag of Dominica.svg 多米尼克 71,293 96%(87%非洲人+9%混血) 61,882 + 9,411
File:Flag of Haiti.svg 海地 10,646,714 95% 10,114,378
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg 安提瓜和巴布达 78,000 95% 63,000
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg 牙买加[44] 2,812,090 92.1% 2,663,614
File:Flag of Grenada.svg 格林纳达 110,000 91% 101,309
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg 巴哈马 332,634 90.6%(非洲人+英国混血) 301,366
File:Flag of Barbados.svg 巴巴多斯 281,968 90% 253,771
File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg 波多黎各[45] 3,285,874 17.5%(非洲人+泰诺混血) 558,598
File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles.svg 荷属安的列斯 225,369 85% 191,564
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯 118,432 85% 100,667
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg 多米尼加[46][47] 10,090,000 11%(非裔美国人) 1,109,900
File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg 英属维尔京群岛 24,004 83% 19,923
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg 圣卢西亚 172,884 83% 142,629
File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg 美属维尔京群岛 108,210 80% 86,243
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg 法属圭亚那 199,509 66% 131,676
File:Flag of Bermuda.svg 百慕大 66,536 61% 40,720
File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg 开曼群岛 47,862 60% 28,717
File:Flag of Cuba.svg 古巴[48] 11,116,396 35% 3,890,738
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg 特立尼达和多巴哥[49] 1,215,527 34.2% 415,710
南美洲 388,570,461 N/A N/A
File:Flag of Brazil.svg 巴西 213,650,000 8%(仅非洲人) 17,092,000
File:Flag of Suriname.svg 苏里南 475,996 37% 223,718
File:Flag of Guyana.svg 圭亚那 770,794 36% 277,486
File:Flag of Colombia.svg 哥伦比亚[50] 48,258,494 9.34%(包括黑白混血儿、混血儿和其他群体) 4,671,160
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg 厄瓜多尔[51] 13,927,650 5% 680,000
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg 巴拉圭 6,349,000 4%(黑白混血儿) 222,215
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg 乌拉圭 3,494,382 4% 139,775
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg 委内瑞拉[52] 27,227,930 3%(非洲人) 181,157
File:Flag of Peru.svg 秘鲁 29,496,000 2% 589,920
File:Flag of Chile.svg 智利 17,094,270 1% 170,943*
File:Flag of Bolivia.svg 玻利维亚 10,907,778 <1% 54,539
File:Flag of Argentina.svg 阿根廷 40,091,359 <1% ≈50,000
北美洲 450,545,368 10% 42,907,538
File:Flag of the United States.svg 美国[53] 328,745,538 12% 42,020,743
File:Flag of Mexico.svg 墨西哥 108,700,891 1% 1,386,556[10]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg 加拿大[54] 39,566,248 4% 1,547,870
中美洲 41,283,652 4% 1,453,761
File:Flag of Belize.svg 伯利兹 301,270 31% 93,394
File:Flag of Panama.svg 巴拿马 3,292,693 11% 362,196
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg 尼加拉瓜 5,785,846 9% 520,726
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg 哥斯达黎加 4,195,914 3% 125,877
File:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg 洪都拉斯 7,639,327 2% 152,787
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg 危地马拉 13,002,206 <1% 100,000
欧洲 738,856,462 1% < 8,000,000
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg 法国[55] 62,752,136 8%(包括海外领土) 约3.3—550 万(法国人口的 5—8%)。

法国法律规定政府不得收集民族和种族的数据。

File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg 英国 67,886,004 5%(含混血) 3,000,000
File:Flag of Spain.svg 西班牙 47,615,033 2,5% 1,206,701
File:Flag of Italy.svg 意大利[56][57] 60,795,612 2% 1,036,653
File:Flag of Germany.svg 德国 82,000,000 1% 529,000[58]
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg 荷兰 16,491,461 3% 507,000
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg 比利时 10,666,866 3% ~300,000
File:Flag of Sweden.svg 瑞典 10,379,295 (2020) 2.3% 236,975 (2020)
File:Flag of Portugal.svg 葡萄牙 10,605,870 2.2% 2021年至少232,000人,此数字仅限具有近期移民背景的人。葡萄牙法律规定政府不得收集有关民族和种族的数据。估计显示,佛得角就有200,000人,因此数字可能要高得多[59]
File:Flag of Norway.svg 挪威[60] 4,858,199 1% 67,000
File:Flag of Ireland.svg 爱尔兰[61] 4,339,000 1.38% 64,639
File:Flag of Finland.svg 芬兰 5,533,793 (2020) 1.03% 57,496 (2020)
File:Flag of Switzerland.svg  瑞士[62] 7,790,000 1% 57,000
File:Flag of Russia.svg 俄罗斯[63] 141,594,000 <1% 50,000
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg 乌克兰 45,982,000 <1% 14,500
File:Flag of Poland.svg 波兰 37,980,000 <1% 5,700
File:Flag of Greece.svg 希腊 10,741,165 <1% 4,500
亚洲 3,879,000,000 <1% ≈327,904
File:Flag of Israel.svg 以色列[64] 7,411,000 3% 200,000
File:Flag of India.svg 印度[65] 1,132,446,000 <1% 40,000
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg 马来西亚[66] 28,334,135 <1% 31,904
File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg 香港 7,200,000 <1% < 20,000[67]
File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg 中国[68] 1,321,851,888 <1% 16,000[69]
File:Flag of Japan.svg 日本[70] 127,756,815 <1% 10,000
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg 巴基斯坦 172,900,000 <1% 10,000

参见[编辑]

参考资料[编辑]

  1. Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census. US Census Bureau. August 12, 2021 [April 26, 2022]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-07). 
  2. Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Pietro, Giuliano Di; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de. The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected. PLOS ONE. 2011-02-16, 6 (2): e17063. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617063P. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3040205可免费查阅. PMID 21359226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063可免费查阅 (English). 
  3. Haiti页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  4. Crumley, Bruce, Should France Count Its Minority Population?, Time, 2009-03-24 [2014-10-11], (原始内容存档于2018-08-08) 
  5. Grupos étnicos información técnica. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-08). 
  6. Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression – CNN iReport. 2014-11-29 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-29). 
  7. Saudi Arabia's African roots traced to annual Hajj pilgrimage and British colonization. Arab News. 2018-03-01 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-08) (English). 
  8. 2021 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in the United Kingdom. Office for National Statistics. 2022-11-11 [2022-02-28]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-22). 
  9. Jamaica – People. Encyclopedia Britannica. [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-09-30) (English). 
  10. 10.0 10.1 Principales resultados de la Encuesta Intercensal 2015 Estados Unidos Mexicanos (PDF). INEGI: 77. [2015-12-09]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-04-22). 
  11. Población extranjera por país de nacionalidad, edad (grupos quinquenales) y sexo. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-25). 
  12. Census Profile, 2016 Census 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2017-11-08. Statistics Canada. 2017-12-06.
  13. Fabrizio Ciocca. Africani d'Italia. Neodemos. 2019-11-12 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-08) (Italian). 
  14. The ethnicity of the Dominican population. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-15). 
  15. Ethnic groups of the Dominican Republic. 2017-04-25 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-08). 
  16. XIV Censo National de Poblacion y Vivienda (PDF). May 2014 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2019-08-05). 
  17. Población del país es joven y mestiza, dice censo del INEC. El Universo. 2011-09-02 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-23) (español). 
  18. Población por sexo y zona de residencia según grupos de edades y color de la piel (PDF). [27 April 2021]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-06-03). 
  19. Puerto Rico Population Declined 11.8% from 2010 to 2020. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-01). 
  20. Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein?. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12). Rund eine Million schwarzer Menschen leben laut ISD hierzulande. 
  21. Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico 2017 (PDF). Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática: 216. 2018 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-11). 
  22. Trinidad and Tobago 2011 Population and Housing Census: Demographic Report (PDF). Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Central Statistical Office: 94. 2012 [2017-08-20]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-10-19). 
  23. ABS Statistics. stat.data.abs.gov.au. 2021-11-25 [2020-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-28). 
  24. Barbados页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency.
  25. Paracha, Nadeem F. Smokers' corner: Sindh's African roots. DAWN.COM. 2018-08-26 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-08) (English). 
  26. Archived copy (PDF). [2017-10-23]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-07-21). 
  27. Censusstatistieken 2012 (PDF). Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek in Suriname (General Statistics Bureau of Suriname): 76. [2017-10-23]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-03-05). 
  28. Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010 [Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010]. INDEC. (原始内容 (XLS)存档于2013-10-29) (español). 
  29. Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010 [Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010]. INDEC. (原始内容 (XLS)存档于2014-04-18) (español). 
  30. Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010 [Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010]. INDEC. (原始内容 (XLS)存档于2013-10-29) (español). 
  31. Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010 [Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010]. INDEC. (原始内容 (XLS)存档于2014-04-18) (español). 
  32. Grenada. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). [2021-05-03]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-11). 
  33. İstanbul'da yaşayan Afrikalıların sayısı 70 bine yakın. Ten renklerinden ötürü ötekileştirilmiyor olmak onları Türkiye'ye bağlıyor.. www.trthaber.com. [2021-10-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-13) (Türkçe). 
  34. Gribanova, Lyubov "Дети-метисы в России: свои среди чужих" 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2008-11-04. (in Russian). Nashi Deti Project. 2010-02-25
  35. The Sidi Project.. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-09-12). 
  36. The Siddis: Discovering India's little known African-origin community. The New Indian Express. 2018-03-02 [2021-08-02]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-08). 
  37. Ade Ajayi, J. F; International Scientific Committee For The Drafting Of a General History Of Africa, Unesco. General History of Africa. 1998-07-01: 305–15. ISBN 978-0-520-06701-1.  via Google Books
  38. Warren, J. Benedict. The Conquest of Michoacán. University of Oklahoma Press. 1985. ISBN 978-0-8061-1858-1. 
  39. Google Books Ngram Viewer. books.google.com. [2021-04-27] (English). 
  40. Akyeampong, E. Africans in the Diaspora: The Diaspora and Africans. African Affairs. 2000, 99 (395): 183–215. doi:10.1093/afraf/99.395.183. 
  41. The Diaspora Division | African Union. au.int. [2022-05-23]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-14). 
  42. The Diaspora Division. Statement. The Citizens and Diaspora Organizations Directorate (CIDO). [2016-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-01). 
  43. The World Factbook>. cia.gov. [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-20). 
  44. Jamaica. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency). 2023-07-11 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-11) (English). 
  45. Puerto Rico: 2020 Census. United States Census Bureau. [2022-04-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-01). 
  46. Dominican Republic: Racial and Ethnic Groups. Countrystudies.us. U.S. Library of Congress. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2011-06-23). 
  47. http://www.informaworld.com/index/902542287.pdf Inter-American Dialogue
  48. Cuba. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency). 2023-07-11 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-02) (English). 
  49. Trinidad and Tobago. The World Factbook (Central Intelligence Agency). 2023-07-11 [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-09) (English). 
  50. Colombia una nación multicultural: su diversidad étnica. dane.gov.co. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-08) (español). 
  51. POBLACIÓN ECUATORIANA POR AUTODEFINICIÓN ÉTNICA EN EL VI CENSO DE POBLACIÓN DEL AÑO. INEC. (原始内容存档于2008-02-08) (español). 
  52. Resultado Basico del XIV Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2011 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2017-12-03., (p. 14).
  53. CIA – The World Factbook – United States. Cia.gov. [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-21). 
  54. Visible minority population, by province and territory (2001 Census). 0.statcan.ca. 2009-09-11 [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2008-09-16). 
  55. globeandmail.com: World. The Globe and Mail. (原始内容存档于2008-09-06). 
  56. ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), Popolazione residente 2015. Demo.istat.it. [2016-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-20). 
  57. ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica), Cittadini Stranieri, Bilancio Demografico 2015 Africa. Demo.istat.it. [2016-07-23]. (原始内容存档于2016-06-16). 
  58. OnlineFOCUS Staff Writer. Zu Besuch in Neger und Mohrenkirch: Können Ortsnamen rassistisch sein? [Can place names be racist?]. FOCUS Online. 2020-12-30 [2021-04-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-12) (Deutsch). 
  59. Batista, Joana Gorjão Henriques, Frederico. O país que tem mais gente fora do que dentro. PÚBLICO. 2015-07-04 [2023-06-04]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-03) (português). 
  60. Statistics Norway – Persons with immigrant background by immigration category, country background and sex. 1 January 2010. Ssb.no. 2010-01-01 [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2010-10-28) (挪威语). 
  61. Ireland: People. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. [2008-12-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-09) (English). 
  62. Federal Office of Statistics. [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2013-01-16) (English). 
  63. Мймй Зпмдео Й Мймй Дйлупо. Фемертпелф "Юетоще Тхуулйе": Уйопруйу. Africana.ru. [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-15). 
  64. Music Earns Black Hebrews Some Acceptance. [2013-05-20]. (原始内容存档于2006-04-08). 
  65. colaco.net. colaco.net. [2011-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2009-02-26). 
  66. Lisa Goh. Fear and prejudice. The Star. 2012-05-06 [2013-02-20]. (原始内容存档于2012-05-06). 
  67. The pride, passion and purpose of HK's Africans. ChinaDaily. [2023-07-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-02-10). 
  68. Global View: China: Foreign ghosts. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2005-06-30 [2011-02-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-01-20). 
  69. Zhuang Pinghui. Guangzhou clarifies size of African community amid fears over Ebola virus. South China Morning Post. 2014-12-01 [2018-02-11]. (原始内容存档于2014-11-04). 
  70. POP AFRICA. [失效链接]