蝰科
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| 蝰科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Cerastes gasperetti (hornless).jpg | |
| 阿拉伯角蝰 Cerastes gasperetti | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | 有鳞目 Squamata |
| 亚目： | 蛇亚目 Serpentes |
| 下目： | 真蛇下目 Alethinophidia |
| 演化支： | 非洲真蛇类 Afrophidia |
| 小目： | 新蛇小目 Caenophidia |
| 演化支： | 黄颔蛇类 Colubroides |
| 演化支： | 黄颔蛇形类 Colubriformes |
| 演化支： | Endoglyptodonta演化支 Endoglyptodonta |
| 科： | 蝰科 Viperidae Oppel, 1811 |
| 亚科 | |
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蝰蛇科（学名：Viperidae）又名蝮蛇科，是一个分布于全世界的毒蛇科。蝰蛇（Viperinae）和蝮蛇（Crotalinae）是这一科的代表物种，它们体粗尾细，长着三角形的头。毒液中含有血毒素，有些种类另含神经毒素。毒牙较长，能深深刺入猎物体内高效地注入毒液。毒牙与上腭之间有关节，可在口中放倒。蝮蛇有颊窝（红外线感应器官），用以从环境温度中识别猎物的体温。大部分蝰蛇均属于夜行性动物。
蝰蛇和蝮蛇都不长，但不同各类之间体长的差异很大。纳米比亚侏膨蝰（Bitis schneideri）至多28厘米，而南美巨蝮（Lachesis muta）却可达到3.6米。
分类[编辑]
蝰蛇科包括四个亚科：
本科包括以下属：[1]
- Peters, 1859 Bothrocophias
- Fitzinger, 1843 Bothropoides 矛头蝮属
- Wagler, 1824 Calloselasma
- Laurenti, 1768 Causus
- Daudin, 1803 Cerastes 山蝮属
- Campbell & Lamar, 1992 Fleming, 1822
- Crotalurus Linnaeus, 1758
- Deinagkistrodon Peters, 1882 锯鳞蝰属
- Eristicophis Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
- Heterophis Fitzinger, 1843
- Macrovipera Wagler, 1830
- Montivipera Günther, 1864
- Porthidium 拟角蝰属 Meuschen, 1778
- Teleuraspis Ziegler, Herrmann, David, Orlov & Plauvels, 2000
- Tropidolaemus Gumprechtt & Tillack, 2004
- Acridophaga
- Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann, 1999 Parias
- Cope, 1871 Pseudocerastes 华腹属
- Reuss, 1927 Toxicoa 竹叶青蛇属
- Wagler, 1830 Uropsophus
- Crotalophorus Rafinesque, 1820
- Agkishodon Daboia Gloyd, 1979
- de Beauvois, 1799 Alcock & Finn, 1897
- 亚洲蝮属 Halys 蝮蛇属
- 巨蝮属 Laophis Reuss, 1927
- Agkistrodon Mixcoatlus de Beauvois, 1799
- Gray, 1849
- Allocrus Sinovipera Santos-Silva & Monné, 2023
- Gray, 1849 树蝰属
- Atheris Cope, 1862 跳蝮属
- Atropoides Werman, 1992
- Atropophis Peters, 1872
- Atropos Wagler, 1830
- Azemiops Boulenger, 1888 咝蝰属
- Bitis Gray, 1842 棕榈蝮属
- Bothriechis Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001
- Bothrophis Fenwick, Gutberlet, Evans & Parkinson, 2009
- Bothrops Cope, 1860
- Caudisona 夜蝰属 Wagler, 1830
- Cenchris 角蝰属 Laurenti, 1768
- Cerrophidion Craspedocephalus
- Gray, 1825 Cryptelytrops
- Gray, 1842 Distichurus
- Merrem, 1820 Gloydius
- Gray, 1849 瘤鼻蝮属 Lachesis
- Owen, 1857 Mesovipera
- Cope, 1887 Pelias
- Broadley, 1996 Rhinocerophis
- 侏儒响尾蛇属 Salvin, 1860 Toxicophis
- Cherlin, 1990 Vipera
- Zhaoermia Scytale
- 蝰属 Wagler, 1830 Reinhardt, 1860
- [[Guo & Wang, 2011
- 四川华蝮 Sinovipera sichuanensis[3]]] Cope, 1859 Turanechis
- 黑绿烙铁头属 Triceratolepidophis
- Lacepède, 1804 Trimeresurus Reuss, 1927
- Montatheris 烙铁头属 Merrem, 1820
- Popeia 原矛头蝮属 Garman, 1881
- Sistrurus Troost, 1836
- Trimesurus Laurenti, 1768
- Posada-Arango, 1889 Thamnocenchris
- Chersea Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus anamallensis (Günther, 1864)
- Craspedocephalus andalasensis David, Vogel, Vijayakumar & Vidal, 2006
- Craspedocephalus borneensis (Peters, 1872)
- Craspedocephalus brongersmai Hoge, 1969
- Craspedocephalus gramineus (Shaw, 1802)
- Craspedocephalus macrolepis (Beddome, 1862) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus macrolepis Beddome, 1862
- Craspedocephalus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1854)
- Craspedocephalus occidentalis (Pope & Pope, 1933)
- Craspedocephalus peltopelor Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021
- Craspedocephalus puniceus (Boie, 1827)
- Craspedocephalus rubeus (Malhotra, Thorpe, Mrinalini & Stuart, 2011)
- Craspedocephalus strigatus (Gray, 1842) Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822
- Craspedocephalus strigatus Gray, 1842
- Craspedocephalus travancoricus Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra & Shanker, 2021[2]
- Craspedocephalus trigonocephalus (Donndorff, 1798)
- Craspedocephalus wiroti Trutnau, 1981
- Crotalus Cope, 1859
- Dinodipsas Hallowell, 1842
- Garthius Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1981
- Hypnale Daudin, 1803 钝鼻蝰属
- Megaera Broadley, 1996
- Ovophis Malhotra & Thorpe, 2004
- Protobothrops Garman, 1884
- Thanatophis Gray, 1842
- Urobelus
- Boulenger, 1896 Hoge & Romano-Hoge, 1983 Proatheris
- 猪鼻蝮属 Günther, 1863 Poecilostolus
- Peltopelor Burger, 1981
- Ophryacus 墨西哥角蝮属 山丘蝰属
- Jadin, H.M.Smith & Campbell, 2011 Metlapilcoatlus
- Peters, 1862 Echis
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Viperidae. GBIF. [2023-10-25]. （原始内容存档于2023-12-09）.
- ^ Ashok Kumar Mallik, Achyuthan Needamangalam Srikanthan, Sumaithangi Rajagopalan Ganesh, Seenapuram Palaniswamy Vijayakumar, Patrick D. Campbell, Anita Malhotra and Kartik Shanker. 2021. Resolving Pitfalls in Pit Viper Systematics – A Multi-criteria Approach to Species Delimitation in Pit Vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals Cryptic Diversity. Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 577-619. DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e66239
- ^ Peng Guo and Yuezhao Wang. 2011. A new genus and species of cryptic Asian green pitviper (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from southwest China. Zootaxa, 2918: 1-14.: http://pages.bangor.ac.uk/~bss166/Sinovipera.pdf
