粉虱科
（重定向自粉虱）
| 粉虱科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
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| File:Weisse-Fliege.jpg | |
| 温室白粉虱（Trialeurodes vaporariorum） | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
| 亚目： | 胸喙亚目 Sternorrhyncha |
| 总科： | 粉虱总科 Aleyrodoidea |
| 科： | 粉虱科 Aleyrodidae |
| 亚科[1] | |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
| 异名 | |
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粉虱科（学名：Aleyrodidae）是半翅目粉虱总科的刺吸式昆虫，两性成虫均有翅，身体及翅上覆有白色蜡粉，此为其科名之由来。全世界共记录有3亚科、166属、1631种[2]。其中约有46种是经济害虫[3]。
粉虱成虫多喜欢产卵在叶背，卵孵化后的第一龄若虫具有活动能力，往后二、三、四龄若虫其足、触角会退化，固着于叶背上。之后成虫沿着第四龄若虫呈倒T字形之纵、横胸缝破壳而出。因最后龄期与活泼之成虫在外部形态截然不同，且与完全变态类昆虫不食不动之“蛹”大相径庭，因而有第四龄蛹壳之误称，然仍沿用至今。
早期粉虱分类学者察觉成虫标本制作较困难，可用特征少，而蛹壳因为标本采集、制作容易，且经寄主植物的确定可增加鉴定的方便与可信度，所以分类学者皆以第四龄蛹壳为分类特征，然而粉虱的蛹壳一般细小且不明显，在野外或田间采集粉虱时，不一定都采集得到蛹壳。这种情形在幼嫩的植物上特别明显，另一方面，粉虱成虫相对于蛹壳是较为显眼易见，但是目前粉虱成虫在分类上可用的特征仍然十分缺乏，尚未有系统地建立，为成虫方面的鉴定上一大困扰。因此有系统地建立粉虱成虫特征乃迫切需要。
下级分类[编辑]
本科包括以下属：
- Acanthaleyrode 类刺粉虱属
- Acanthobemisia 非洲斑翅粉虱属 Aleurochiton
- Aleyrodiella
- Pseudaleurodicus Hempel, 1922 Dialeuropora
- Dantsig, 1966 Quaintance & Baker, 1917
- Hempel, 1923
- Pseudaleuroplatus Aleuromarginatus
- Dialeurotrachelus Pseudaleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1942 Hempel, 1923 Anomaleyrodes
- Pseudcockerelliella Sundararaj, 2007
- Disiphon Tullgreen, 1907 Corbett, 1935
- Aleuromarginatus asymmetricis Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus bauhiniae (Corbett, 1935)
- Aleuromarginatus corbettiaformis Martin, 1985
- Aleuromarginatus dalbergiae Cohic, 1969
- Aleuromarginatus dielsianae Wang & Xu, 2017
- Aleuromarginatus frim Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus glandulis Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus kallarensis David & Subramaniam, 1976
- Aleuromarginatus littoralis Martin, 1985
- Aleuromarginatus marginiquus Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus martini Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus millettiae Cohic, 1968
- Aleuromarginatus moundi Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus nemciae Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus nigrus Martin, 1999
- Aleuromarginatus serdangensis Takahashi, 1955
- Aleuromarginatus shihmenensis Ko, 1995
- Aleuromarginatus similis Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus sulawesiensis Dubey[4]
- Aleuromarginatus tephrosiae Corbett, 1935
- Aleuromarginatus thirumurthiensis David, 1988
- Takahashi & Mamet, 1952 Russell, 1993 Gillespie, 2006
- Pseudozaphanera
- Distincaleyrodes
- Rabdostigma Quaintance & Baker, 1917
- Apobemisia
- Ramsesseus Zahradnik, 1970 Distinctaleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1954 Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006
- Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Africaleurodes
- Aleuronudus
- Dothioia Rositaleyrodes
- Dumbleton, 1961 Meganathan & David, 1994 Arachnaleyrodes
- Rovnodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
- Dumbletoniella Hempel, 1922
- Bink-Moenen, 1983 Jesudasan & David, 1990 Bink-Moenen, 1983
- Rusostigma
- Editaaleyrodes
- Russellaleyrodes David, 2005 Aleuroclava
- Aretsaya
- Septaleurodicus Sampson, 1943 Ericaleyrodes
- Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015 Rapisarda, 1986
- Dubey, 2013
- Setaleyrodes Aleuropapillatus
- Eudialeurodicus Shanthiniae
- Quaintance & Baker, 1915 David, 2000 Asialeyrodes
- Shapashe Takahashi, 1935
- Dozier, 1934 Singh, 1931 Regu & David, 1993
- Corbett, 1935 Bink-Moenen, 1983 Goux, 1945
- 迷粉虱属 Singhiella
- Fascaleyrodes
- Singhius Bink-Moenen, 1983 Takahashi, 1932
- Asiothrixus
- Sinicoselis Drohojowska et al., 2019 Filicaleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1962
- Aleuroparadoxus 星伯粉虱属
- Fippataleyrodes Siphonius
- Sundararaj & David, 1992 Asterobemisia
- Snotra Szwedo & Drohojowska, 2014
- Gadigaleyrodes Quaintance & Baker, 1914
- Trehan, 1940 Dooley & Gillespie, 2013
- Stenaleyrodes
- Gagudjuia
- Synaleurodicus Aleuroctarthrus
- Asterochiton
- Taiwanaleyrodes Takahashi, 1932 Gapenus
- Maskell, 1879 Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
- Martin, 2005
- Tetraleurodes Aleuroparvus 澳洲斑翅粉虱属
- Gigaleurodes Tetralicia
- Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Harrison, 1917 Australeurodes
- Trialeurodes Cockerell, 1902
- Gomenella Martin, 2008 Dubey, 2018
- Dubey, 2013 Dumbleton, 1961 Martin, 2005
- Trichoaleyrodes
- Greeniella
- Tuberaleyrodes David, 1993 Takahashi, 1932
- Austroaleurodicus
- Udamoselis Enderlein, 1909 Harpaleyrodes
- Tapia, 1970 Bink-Moenen, 1983
- Sampson & Drews, 1941 Acanthaleyrodes 黑粉虱属
- Africaleyrodes Aleuroplatus
- Heidea
- Vasdavidius Schlee, 1970 Russell, 2000
- Axacalia Venezaleurodes
- Russell, 1967 Hempelia
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Danzig, 1969 Sampson & Drews, 1941
- Cohic, 1968
- Xenaleyrodes Hesperaleyrodes
- Xenobemisia Sampson, 1943
- Aleurocybotus Azuraleurodicus
- Yamis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
- Heteraleyrodes Martin, 1999
- Takahashi, 1942 Bink-Moenen, 1983
- Zaphanera Aleuropleurocelus
- Heterobemisia Takahashi, 1957
- Baetylus
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Drews & Sampson, 1956 Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011
- Bondar, 1923
- Hindaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994
- Bakerius Icfrealeyrodes
- Bondar, 1923 Dubey & Sundararaj, 2006
- Aleuroporosus
- Indoaleyrodes David & Subramaniam, 1973 Bellitudo
- Isaraselis Corbett, 1935
- Russell, 1943 Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
- Juglasaleyrodes Acaudaleyrodes
- Aleurocyperus
- Bemisaleyrodes Juleyrodes
- Shcherbakov, 2000
- Aleuropositus 伯粉虱属 Kaieteurodicus
- Martin, 2008 Bemisia
- Kanakarajiella Ko & Dubey, 2007 Dubey, 2013
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914 David & Sundararaj, 1993
- Keralaleyrodes Meganathan & David, 1994
- Bemisiella
- Laingiella Dantsig, 1966 Corbett, 1926
- Agrostaleyrodes 盘粉虱属 Aleuropteridis
- Lankaleurodes David, 1993
- Bernaea Lecanoideus
- Mound, 1961 Schlee, 1970 Quaintance & Baker, 1913
- Leonardius
- Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Aleurodicus
- Bondaria Leucopogonella
- Sampson & Drews, 1941 Dumbleton, 1961
- Aleuroputeus Lipaleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1962 Brazzaleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1931 Takahashi, 1951
- Ko, 2001 Douglas, 1892 Corbett, 1935
- Cohic, 1966 Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
- Malayaleyrodes Corbett, 1935
- 须粉虱属 Bulgarialeurodes
- Marginaleyrodes Corbett, 1936 Takahashi, 1961
- 麻粉虱属 Aleurothrixus
- Massilieurodes Goux, 1939
- Burmodicus Metabemisia
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Chen et al., 2020 Takahashi, 1963
- Metaleurodicus
- Aleuroduplidens
- Burmoselis Metaleyrodes
- Shcherbakov, 2000 Sampson, 1943
- Aleurotithius Mexicaleyrodes
- Sampson & Drews, 1941 Calluneyrodes
- Milleraleurodes Martin, 1999 Quaintance & Baker, 1914
- Zahradnik, 1961 Phillips & Jesudasan, 2013
- Milqartis Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
- Ceraleurodicus
- Minutabythus Hempel, 1922 Kaddumi, 2005
- Aleurocanthus
- Aleurotrachelus Minutaleyrodes
- Jesudasan & David, 1990 Chitonaleyrodes
- Mixaleyrodes Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Martin, 1999
- Takahashi, 1936
- Mohanasundaramiella David, 2000 Aleuroglandulus
- Clodionus
- Nealeurodicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013 Hempel, 1923
- Aleurotuba
- Nealeyrodes Hempel, 1923 Cockerelliella
- Bondar, 1923
- Tremblay & Iaccarino, 1978 Sundararaj & David, 1992 Bondar, 1923
- Neoaleurolobus
- Takahashi, 1951 Cohicaleyrodes
- Neoaleurotrachelus Bink-Moenen, 1983
- Takahashi & Mamet, 1952
- Aleurotuberculatus Neomaskellia
- Quaintance & Baker, 1913 Combesaleyrodes
- Neopealius Takahashi, 1932 Cohic, 1966
- Takahashi, 1954
- Nigrasialeyrodes 长刺粉虱属 Acutaleyrodes
- Aleuroinanis
- Corbettia Nipaleyrodes
- Dozier, 1934 Takahashi, 1951
- Aleurotulus Octaleurodicus
- Hempel, 1922 Costalimada
- Odontaleyrodes Martin, 1999 Quaintance & Baker, 1914
- Martin, 2011 Takahashi, 1954
- Oisedicus Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2013
- Crenidorsum
- Orchamoplatus Russell, 1945 Russell, 1958
- Aleurocerus Aleuroviggianus
- Orientaleyrodes David, 1993
- Crescentaleyrodes Orstomaleyrodes
- Iaccarino, 1982 David & Jesudasan, 1987 Cohic, 1966
- Paernis
- Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2011 Aleurolobus
- Cryptolingula Palaealeurodicus
- Martin & Carver, 1999 Martin, 2008
- Aleurovitreus Papillipes
- Bink-Moenen, 1983 Davidiella 类伯粉虱属
- Corbett, 1926 Takahashi, 1960 Bondar, 1923
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914 Martin, 2005 Dubey & Sundararaj, 2005
- Takahashi, 1954 Yleyrodes
- Takahashi, 1951 Takahashi, 1936
- Viennotaleyrodes Paraburmoselis
- David, 2000 Vasantharajiella
- Chen et al., 2019
- Dialeurodes Uraleyrodes
- Takahashi & Mamet, 1952 Paraleurolobus
- Trialeurolonga Cockerell, 1902
- Sampson & Drews, 1941 Cockerell, 1902
- Tegmaleurodes 巢粉虱属
- Aleyrodes Paraleyrodes
- Solomon, 1935 Takahashi, 1938
- Quaintance, 1909 Sphericaleyrodes
- Dialeurodicus Silvestri, 1915
- Siphoninus Siphoninuns Paulianaleyrodes
- Latreille, 1796 Cockerell, 1902
- Cohic, 1967 Sampson, 1943 Simplaleurodes
- Drohojowska & Szwedo, 2015
- Pealius
- Takahashi, 1931 Septemaleurodes
- Aleurolonga
- Dialeurodoides
- Quaintance & Baker, 1917 Rugaleyrodes Pectinaleyrodes
- Danzig, 1969 Quaintance & Baker, 1914
- Bink-Moenen, 1983 Rosanovia Rhachisphora
- Manzari, 2006
- Aleyrodicus Pentaleyrodes
- Pseudosynaleurodicus
- Takahashi, 1937 Martin, 1999 Pseudaleurolobus
- Dialeurolobus
- Takahashi, 1955 Martin, 1999 Peracchius
- Mound, 1965 Danzig, 1964
- Lima & Racca-Filho, 2005 Quaintance & Baker, 1913
- Quaintance & Baker, 1914
- Parabemisia Plataleyrodes
- Martin & Carver, 1999 Neoaleurodes
- Lukotekia
- Dialeurolonga Cohic, 1966
- Hexaleurodicus Pogonaleyrodes
- Extensaleyrodes Dozier, 1928
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Martin, J.H.; Mound, L.A. An annotated check list of the world's whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Zootaxa. 2007, 1492: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1492.1.1 可免费查阅.
- ^ 何小芳; 徐铭健，诸葛敏，邓建宇，周国鑫，徐志宏，王吉锐. 浙江地区梨树上粉虱类害虫种类初记. 环境昆虫学报. 2022, 44 (1): 118–126 [2022-08-02]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-21）.
- ^ Martin, J. H. An identification guide to common whitefly pest species of the world (Homopt Aleyrodidae). Tropical Pest Management. 1987-01, 33 (4): 298–322. doi:10.1080/09670878709371174.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Anil Kumar Dubey & Paul A. Brown (2021) Six new species of Aleuromarginatus Corbett, 1935 and Paramarginatus sarawakensis Dubey gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Southeast Asia, Journal of Natural History, 55:41-42, 2605-2649, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.2008038
