硅藻
| 硅藻纲File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石时期:
| |
|---|---|
| File:Haeckel Diatomea 4.jpg | |
| 《自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 4: Diatomeae | |
| File:Haeckel Diatomea.jpg | |
| 《自然界的艺术形态》 (1904), 图版 84: Diatomeae | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界: | 色藻界 Chromista |
| 门: | 淡色藻门 Ochrophyta |
| 亚门: | Khakista亚门 Khakista |
| 纲: | 硅藻纲 Bacillariophyceae |
| 目 | |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误:attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
| “硅藻”的各地常用名称 | |
|---|---|
| 中国大陆 | 硅藻 |
| 港澳 | 硅藻、矽藻 |
| 台湾 | 矽藻 |
硅藻纲(学名:Bacillariophyceae)是真核藻类的一个主要类群,同时也是最常见的一种浮游藻类,其下任一种可泛称为硅藻(台湾作矽藻,英语:diatom)。硅藻纲成员多数为单细胞生物,尽管有些种类可以丝状或带状群体(如Fragilaria)、扇状群体(如Meridion)、锯齿状群体(如Tabellaria)以及星形群体(如Asterionella)形式存在。
硅藻在食物链中属于生产者。硅藻的一个主要特点是硅藻细胞外覆硅质(主要是二氧化硅)的细胞壁,即硅藻壳。硅质细胞壁纹理和形态各异,但多呈对称排列。这种排列方式可作为分类命名的依据。但是这种对称并不是完全的对称,因为硅藻细胞壁的一侧比另一侧略大一点,这样才能嵌合在一起。化石遗迹显示,硅藻最早起源于早白垩纪时期。仅中心硅藻类的雄配子具鞭毛,可以游动。硅藻一直以来是一种重要的环境监测指示物种,常被用于水质研究。分类上归为一纲,辖下有中心硅藻目及羽纹硅藻目。此外也是近海的优势类群。
载色体中有叶绿素a和叶绿素c,α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素,叶黄素类中主要含有墨角藻黄素,其次是硅藻黄素和硅甲黄素,由于墨角藻黄素和其他色素所占比例比叶绿素大,使载色体呈现橙黄色或黄褐色;细胞壁都是由果胶和二氧化硅组成的,没有纤维素,质地坚硬,硅质细胞壁上有呈辐射对称或左右对称排列的花纹。具有上下半壳套合而成的壳体。硅藻营养体中没有游动细胞,仅精子具鞭毛,电子显微镜下观察是茸鞭型,轴丝是9条,没有中央轴丝,这种构造是硅藻独有的。[2]
概说[编辑]
硅藻纲有超过200个现存的属,估计有接近十万个现存物种[3][4][5][6]。硅藻的分布广泛,不管是海洋、淡水、汽水、泥土及潮湿的表面上均可发现。大部分生活在开阔的远洋水域,当然也有的像膜一样生活在海底砂砾上,更有能在仅仅是潮湿的大气中存活的种类。硅藻在海洋中尤为重要,海洋中总初级生产力的45%由硅藻提供。[7]海洋浮游植物的水平分布和垂直分布都受到限制。[8][9]但显微观察到,硅藻的一些种甚至会布在2公里的高空。
硅藻属于不等长鞭毛类这一大类群,这一大类群既有自养生物(如金藻、巨藻)又有异养生物(如水霉)。黄棕色叶绿体是不等长鞭毛类的一个特征,这种叶绿体有四层膜,含有类胡萝卜素、墨角藻黄素。硅藻个体通常无鞭毛,但其雄配子具不等长鞭毛,同时与其他类群相比其鞭毛缺乏茸毛。
大部分硅藻是不游动的,有的通过鞭毛移动。也有的观点认为有些羽纹硅藻有自发的运动,而这可能是原生质环流所致。[2]因为硅藻的细胞壁相对致密而容易沉降,在开阔水域浮游种类通常依靠湍流混合层的上部的风以保持悬浮在阳光充足的水面。有些种还会主动调节细胞内的脂质来改变自身浮力以阻止下沉。
硅藻的一大特点是具有尿素循环,这暗示它们在进化上与动物有关。这是艾伦、鲍勒所领导的团队于2011年发现的。他们的这一发现意义非凡,因为之前尿素循环被认为起源于在硅藻几百万年后才出现的后生动物上。他们的研究表明,虽然硅藻和动物的尿素循环目的不同,但它们相同的方式却显示了动物和植物进化的相关性。[10]
硅藻的硅质细胞壁(硅藻壳)由两个独立的半片(壳面)组成。细胞壁生物硅是在胞内由硅酸单体聚合而成,然后再挤压到细胞外添加到细胞壁上。硅藻细胞壁的两个壳面通常像培养皿的底和盖一样套合在一起。在多数种中,当一个硅藻分裂产生两个子细胞,每个子细胞将保留其中的一个壳面,再长出一个套在里面的较小的另一个壳面。因此每个分裂周期后,硅藻种群的平均尺寸将变小。这样细胞尺寸一旦达到了最小,就不再简单地分裂,而是以产生复大孢子的方式恢复其大小。这样会产生一个大得多的细胞,然后再像原来一样越分裂越小。复大孢子的产生几乎总是伴随着减数分裂和有性生殖。
硅藻的死亡和分解产生了有机和无机硅酸盐沉淀物。因为无机物在黏土和淤泥沉积中,会形成了一个永久性的海相地层地质记录,所以可以通过挖掘海底或海湾淤泥,研究其中无机成分来分析过去的海洋环境。(参见硅质软泥)
硅藻的研究是藻类学一个分支,而专攻硅藻方面的藻类学家被称为硅藻学家(英文:diatomists)。
分类[编辑]
不等鞭毛类物种的分类至今仍然有争议,不同的分类把物种归等为门级、界级或两者之间。因此,硅藻类物种其实可以根据其父系分类单元而被置放于不同的位置上,并相对调整其子系分类单元。本条目使其定位于纲级。
传统上,硅藻纲物种分为以下两个目:
前者是后者的并系群。
较近期的分类[4]把硅藻分为三个基本分类,也有再细分为更多细目的[11]。这分别主要是由于羽纹硅藻类之间的分别,主要在于有没有壳缝,即瓣膜的緃向槽[12]。
中心硅藻纲[编辑]
中心硅藻纲/中心硅藻目(Coscinodiscophyceae)或中心硅藻亚纲(Coscinodiscophycidae) Round & R.M.Crawford
- Anaulales Asterolamprales
- Desmomastigales
- Ethmodiscales Round Round
- Hemiaulales Round & R.M.Crawford
- [[]] Leptocylindrales
- Round & R.M.Crawford Aulacoseirales
- Lithodesmiales
- Round & R.M.Crawford R.M.Crawford R.M.Crawford
- 正盘藻目 Orthoseirales R.M.Crawford
- 中心硅藻目 Paraliales
- R.M.Crawford Coscinodiscophyceae
- Rhizosoleniales
- Stictocyclales Round
- Stictodiscales
- [[]] 海链藻目
- Thalassiosirales Chaetocerotales
- Triceratiales Round & R.M.Crawford Round & R.M.Crawfor
- 金盘藻目 Arachnoidiscales Chrysanthemodiscales
- [[Round
- 金盘藻科 Chrysanthemodiscaceae
- 金盘藻属 Chrysanthemodiscus A.Mann, 1925
- 金色金盘藻 Chrysanthemodiscus floriatus A.Mann, 1925]] Corethrales
- Round Round & R.M.Crawford
- Coscinodiscales Round
- 波纹藻目 Cymatosirales 角藻目
- Round & R.M.Crawford Round & R.M.Crawford Melosirales
- 金盘藻属 Chrysanthemodiscus A.Mann, 1925
- 金盘藻科 Chrysanthemodiscaceae
无壳缝纲[编辑]
无壳缝纲(Fragilariophyceae)或无壳缝亚纲(Fragilariophycidae)F.E.Round:无壳缝的羽纹硅藻(araphids)
- F.E.Round Ardissoneales F.E.Round
- 梯楔藻目 Climacospheniales Round
- Cyclophorales
- P.C.Silva Licmophorales
- Rhabdonematales Round
- Thalassionematales Round Protoraphidales
- Round & R.M.Crawford Tabellariales
- Round & R.M.Crawford Fragilariales
- Round Round
- Striatellales Round
- Round Toxariales
- Rhaphoneidales
有壳缝纲[编辑]
有壳缝纲(Bacillariophyceae)或有壳缝亚纲(Bacillariophycidae) D.G.Mann:有壳缝的羽纹硅藻(raphids)
- D.G.Mann Achnanthales P.C.Silva
- 棍形藻目 Bacillariales Hendey
- Cymbellales
- D.G.Mann Eunotiales
- Mastogloiales Bessey 双菱藻目
- Thalassiophysales D.G.Mann Lyrellales
- D.G.Mann Surirellales
- D.G.Mann Dictyoneidales 短缝藻目
- P.C.Silva D.G.Mann 舟形藻目
- Rhopalodiales D.G.Mann 曲壳藻目
- Naviculales 锥藻目
- 在GBIF上,硅藻纲有以下目:
- Chrysanthemodiscales 梯楔藻目
- [[Round
- 梯楔藻科 Climacospheniaceae]] Corethrales
- Cyclophorales 波纹藻目
- Cymbellales
- Ethmodiscales 短缝藻目
- [[]]
- Licmophorales 胸隔藻目
- Melosirales
- Protoraphidales Grammatophoraceae
- 杆线藻科 Rhabdonemataceae 缝舟藻目
- Rhizosoleniales 斑环藻目
- Stictodiscales
- Thalassiosirales 曲壳藻目 Achnanthales
- [[]]
- [[]] Leptocylindrales
- Anaulales Mastogloiales
- [[]]
- [[]] Rhaponeidales
- [[]] Stictocyclales
- [[ Benetoraceae
- Plurifenestraceae
- 斑盘藻科 Stictodiscaceae
- Actinodiscus R.K.Greville, 1863
- Compositus V.N.Vekschina, 1960
- Pseudostictodiscus A.Grunow ex A.Schmidt et al., 1882
- Rhaphidophoropsis S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Rocella
- 斑盘藻属 Stictodiscus R.K.Greville, 1861]] Arachnoidiscales Thalassionematales
- [[]] Ardissoneales
- [[]] Asterolamprales
- [[]] Aulacoseirales
- [[]] Bacillariales
- [[]] Biddulphiales
- [[]] Centrales
- [[]] Chaetocerales
- [[]] Chaetocerotales
- [[]] Climacospheniales
- [[]] Coscinodiscales
- [[ Cyclophoraceae
- Entopylaceae
- Entopyla C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- 弓桥藻属 Gephyria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Gephyria castracanei Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892
- Gephyria constricta
- Gephyria dyerana O'Meara, 1877
- Gephyria gigantea
- Gephyria harveyi O'Meara, 1866
- Gephyria incurvata
- 日本弓桥藻 Gephyria japonica Wolle, 1890
- 中间弓桥藻 Gephyria media Arnott, 1860
- Gephyria parodii Frenguelli, 1941
- Gephyria rinnboeckii (Pantocsek) Forti, 1912
- Gephyria rodriguezi Azpeitia, 1911
- Gephyria telfairiae Walker-Arnott, 1858]] Cymatosirales
- [[ Anomoeoneidaceae
- Cymbellaceae
- Gomphonemataceae
- 弯楔藻科 Rhoicospheniaceae
- Campylopyxis L.K.Medlin, 1985
- Chelonicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- Cuneolus M.H.Giffen, 1970
- Epiphalaina R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Gomphonemopsis L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphoseptatum L.Medlin, 1986
- Gomphosphenia H.Lange-Bertalot, 1995
- Poulinea Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver
- 弯楔藻属 Rhoicosphenia A.Grunow, 1860
- Rhoicosphenula Lange-Bert., Kociolek, A.A.Saber & Cantonati, 2021
- Tripterion R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993
- Tursiocola R.W.Holmes, S.Nagasawa & H.Takano, 1993]] Dictyoneidales
- [[]] Eunotiales
- Hemiaulales
- Lyrellales
- 舟形藻目 Orthoseirales
- 杆线藻目 Rhaphoneidales
- Psammodiscaceae
- 缝舟藻科 Rhaphoneidaceae
- Asterionellopsis
- 具槽藻属 Delphineis G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis abbottii E.Fourtanier, 1987
- Delphineis andrewsii Hendey, 1981
- 狭窄具槽藻 Delphineis angustata (Pantocsek Andrews,1977)
- Delphineis kamenooensis Yanagisawa, 1994
- Delphineis kippae Sancetta, 1982
- Delphineis lineata G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis livingstonii Prasad, 1986
- Delphineis lohmanii Hendey, 1981
- Delphineis ovata Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis penelliptica G.W.Andrews, 1977
- Delphineis sheshukovae Akiba, 1985
- 双菱具槽藻 Delphineis surirella (Ehr. Andrews G. W.,1980)
- Delphineis tiltilensis (Frenguelli) Sar & Sala, 2009
- Delphineis urbinai Gariboldi, 2016
- Diplomenora K.Blazé, 1984
- Drewsandria P.A.Sims & R.Ross, 1996
- Meloneis I.Louvrou, D.B.Danielidis & A.Economou-Amilli, 2013
- 新具槽藻属 Neodelphineis H.Takano, 1982
- 大洋新具槽藻 Neodelphineis pelagica Takano, 1982
- Neodelphineis silenda (Hohn & Hellerman, 1966) Desianti & Potapova, 2015
- Neodetonia S.Blanco, 2011
- Perissonoë G.W.Andrews & V.A.Stoelzel, 1984
- 十字奇异藻 Perissonoë cruciata (Janisch et Rabenhorst) Andrews et Stoelzel, 1982
- Perissonoë pentagona Desikachary, Gowthaman, Hema, Prasaed & Prema, 1987
- Perissonoë trigona (Grunow) Andrews & Stoelzel, 1984
- 缝舟藻属 Rhaphoneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis adamantea Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis affinis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis africana Ehrenberg, 1854
- 双角缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis amphiceros (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angularis Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis angulata Fenner, 1976
- Rhaphoneis angusta Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis angustata Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis archeri O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis asiatica Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis atlantica Andrews, 1989
- Rhaphoneis australis H.L.Smith, 1878
- Rhaphoneis belgica Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis bergonil H.Peragallo
- Rhaphoneis bicuneata Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis bilineata Grunow & Cleve
- Rhaphoneis biseriata Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis boryana Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis caballeroi Azpeitia y Moros, 1911
- Rhaphoneis capensis A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis capensis Alferov, 1932
- Rhaphoneis capitata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis carolinica Andrews, 1979
- 卡氏缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis castracanii Grunow, 1881
- Rhaphoneis clavata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis cocconeides Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis cocconeis Ehrenberg, 1870
- 发状缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis crinigera Takano, 1983
- Rhaphoneis crozierii Bailey, 1924
- Rhaphoneis debyi Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatula Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis delicatus Loseva, 1983
- Rhaphoneis diamantella Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis digitus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis discoides Subrahmanyan, 1946
- Rhaphoneis dissita Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis dubia Grunow, 1867
- Rhaphoneis elegantula Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Jousé, 1951
- Rhaphoneis elliptica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis entomon Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis fasciolata Janisch & Rabenhorst, 1862
- Rhaphoneis fatula Lohman, 1938
- Rhaphoneis fluminensis Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis foliacea Ehrenberg, 1849
- Rhaphoneis fragilaroidea Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis fuchsii Pantocsek, 1889
- Rhaphoneis fusiformis Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis fusus Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis gangetica Ehrenberg, 1892
- Rhaphoneis gemmifera Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis granulata Patrick, 1944
- Rhaphoneis gratiosa Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis grossepunctata Hustedt, 1955
- Rhaphoneis hachiroensis
- Rhaphoneis hauckii Grunow, 1879
- Rhaphoneis hungarica Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis immunis Andrews, 1976
- Rhaphoneis immunis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaphoneis indica Ehrenberg, 1845
- Rhaphoneis inflata Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis intermedia Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis itaparicana Zimmermann, 1918
- 日本缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis japonica Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis jonesii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis kinkerii Pantocsek, 1892
- Rhaphoneis kronowetterii Ehrenberg, 1862
- Rhaphoneis krusadiensis Desikachary & Sridharan, 1989
- Rhaphoneis laevigata Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis laevis Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis lanceolata Ehrenberg, 1845
- 矛状缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis lancettula Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lepta Schrader, 1969
- Rhaphoneis liburnica Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis linearis Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis linearis Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis lorenziana Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis luciana Cholnoky, 1968
- Rhaphoneis lumen Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis lusitanica Rabenhorst, 1864
- Rhaphoneis maculata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis magnapunctata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis mammalis Castracane, 1886
- Rhaphoneis margaritalimbata Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis margaritata Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis marginulata Cleve, 1883
- Rhaphoneis mascarenae Giffen, 1980
- Rhaphoneis mediopunctata Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis mediterranea Grunow
- Rhaphoneis mertzi Hajós, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mica Hohn & Hellerman, 1966
- Rhaphoneis minutissima Hustedt, 1939
- Rhaphoneis miocenica Schrader, 1973
- Rhaphoneis mirabunda Giffen, 1963
- Rhaphoneis molucensis Ehrenberg, 1870
- Rhaphoneis moorii O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis morsiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis nana Ehrenberg, 1872
- Rhaphoneis nitida (Gregory) Grunow, 1868
- Rhaphoneis nitida A.Schmidt, 1894
- Rhaphoneis nodulifer
- Rhaphoneis obesa Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis obesa Peragallo, 1911
- Rhaphoneis obesula Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis oregonica Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis orientalis Hendey, 1939
- Rhaphoneis ossiformis Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis ovalis Korotkevich, 1957
- 相同缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis paralis Hanna, 1932
- Rhaphoneis parallelica Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis parcepunctata (Pantocsek & Grunow) Andrews, 1975
- Rhaphoneis parvula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis perspicua Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1959
- Rhaphoneis petropolitana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis pinnularia Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis praeparilis Andrews, 1987
- Rhaphoneis pretiosa Ehrenberg
- Rhaphoneis psammicola Riznyk, 1973
- Rhaphoneis quarnerensis Grunow, 1862
- 似菱形缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis rhomboides Hendey, 1958
- Rhaphoneis rhombus Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis rhomoides Hendey
- Rhaphoneis robustata Schrader, 1976
- Rhaphoneis rostrata Ehrenberg, 1856
- Rhaphoneis sachalinensis Sheshukova-Poretskaya, 1967
- Rhaphoneis sanctaecrucis H.Peragallo, 1909
- Rhaphoneis scalaris Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis schulzii Anissimova ex Proschkina-Lavrenko, 1949
- Rhaphoneis scutelloides Grunow, 1862
- Rhaphoneis scutellum Ehrenberg, 1844
- Rhaphoneis scutula Andrews, 1978
- Rhaphoneis setacea Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rhaphoneis sharktoothensis VanLandingham, 1978
- Rhaphoneis simbirskiana Grunow, 1886
- Rhaphoneis similis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis simonseni Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis suborbicularis O'Meara, 1867
- Rhaphoneis subtilissima Pantocsek, 1886
- 双菱缝舟藻 Rhaphoneis surirella (Her.) Grunow, 1880
- Rhaphoneis surirelloides Simonsen, 1974
- Rhaphoneis szakalensis Pantocsek, 1886
- Rhaphoneis tatsunokuchiensis Koizumi, 1972
- Rhaphoneis tenuis Hustedt, 1952
- Rhaphoneis tibialis Tempère & Brun, 1889
- Rhaphoneis triangularis Hajós, 1968
- Rhaphoneis wetzeli Mertz, 1966
- Rhaphoneis wicomicoensis Lohman, 1948
- Rhaponeis
- Sceptroneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Stictocycales
- Surirellales 锥藻目
- [[]] Thalassiophysales
- Fragilariales
- Lithodesmiales
- Naviculales
- Rhabdonematales
- Asterionellopsidaceae
- Rhopalodiales
- 斑盘藻目 Striatellales
- Triceratiales
- Toxariales 海链藻目
- Tabellariales 双菱藻目
- Paraliales
- 目的地位未定的科:
- Arcanodiscaceae
- Archaegladiopsidaceae
- Diatomaceae
- Eustephaniaceae
- Hydroseraceae
- Trigoniumaceae Gladiaceae
- [[]] Rhynchopyxidaceae
- [[]] Disciferiaceae
- [[]]
- Nitzschiaveae
- Xanthiopyxaceae
- Kerkiaceae
- 目和科的地位未定的属:
- Debya S.Komura, 2006 J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Trifonovia
- Debya S.Komura, 2005 J.Rattray, 1888
- Tropidosiphonus
- Dendrelion J.Pantocsek, 1886 J.Pantocsek, 1928
- Tubularia
- Dendrella E.G.Lupikina, 1984 J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Valdiviella
- Dendrogonia J.Pantocsek, 1892
- 奇异范氏藻 Vanheurckella admirabilis Pantocsek, 1892 S.Komura, 2007
- Vavia
- Denticula A.Missuna, 1914 Ehrenb.
- Weissflogia
- Diatomosira F.Castracane, 1886 V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Xanthioisthmus
- Diatostephana F.Wolle, 1890 E.A.Molinari-Novoa & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- Dichomenis
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1862 Dichotropiscus
- S.Komura, 1995 Dickensoniaforma
- Alloeoneis
- Dicladia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Dicladiopsis G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Dictyolampra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Dictyopyxis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Didymohelix J.W.Griffith
- Dimeractis J.Schumann, 1867 S.Komura, 2001
- Dimerosira H.Peragallo, 1901
- Diomphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1842
- Discoites J.Grüss, 1928
- Disconeis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Discoplea C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Discosira
- L.Rabenhorst, 1853 Discus
- C.Stodder, 1879 Disiphonia
- Dispinodiscus
- I.Suto, 2004 Distichanthes
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854 Alloioneis
- Doryphora
- Dossetia F.Azpeitia, 1911
- Drepanotheca H.-J.Schrader ex Round, Crawford & Mann, 1990
- Echinaria F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Echinodiscus A.Mann, 1925
- Ectodictyon J.Schumann ex P.T.Cleve, 1878 G.C.Khursevich & G.P.Cherniaeva, 1989
- Endosigma A.de Brébisson, 1848
- Endostauron A.Grunow, 1880
- Endostauron Brébisson ex Möller, 1892
- Entogonia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Entomogaster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Epithelion
- J.Pantocsek, 1905 Epithema
- A.de Brébisson, 1838 Euceratoneis
- A.Grunow, 1865 Eumeridion
- F.T.Kützing, 1844 Euphyllodium
- Achnanthepyla Amphicampa
- Eupleuria G.A.W.Arnott, 1858
- Eupterotrum S.Komura, 1997
- Eurossia Mahood et al., 1993
- Eurossia P.A.Sims, 1993
- Excentron J.Ralfs, 1861
- Rabenh. Greville, 1863
- Fibula Wm.Smith, 1859
- Flexibiddulphia R.Simonsen, 1987
- Fontigonium P.A.Sims & N.I.Hendey, 1996
- Fusotheca C.Mereschkowsky, 1878
- Gemellodiscus
- Girodella Gaillon ex P.J.F.Turpin, 1827
- Gleseria E.G.Lupikina, L.M.Dolmatova & L.M., 1984
- Gloeonema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Gloionema C.A.Agardh, 1812
- Glyphodiscus R.K.Greville, 1862 Amphicephalosperma
- Goldfishia L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Golovenkinia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Gomphogramma A.Braun, 1853
- Grammatonema F.T.Kützing, 1845
- Grayia E.Grove & J.Brun, 1892
- Meunier, 1910 N.I.Hendey, 1964
- Grovea A.Schmidt ex Van Heurck, 1896
- Grunoviella H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Grymaia J.W.Bailey ex L.W.Bailey, 1861
- Gutwinskiella G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Gyropandorus
- Gyroptychus A.Schmidt, 1890
- Halionyx C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Halonetrum H.Lohmann, 1919
- Halopetitia S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Halurina C.Zimmermann, 1918 Amphidiscus
- Handmannia M.Peragallo, 1913
- Hantzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Harrisonii E.M.Nelson
- Haynaldella J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Haynaldiella J.Pantocsek ex H.Van Heurck, 1896
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1839 R.K.Greville, 1865
- Heliopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Helisella A.Jurilj, 1949
- Helissella Jurilj, 1949
- Helminthopsidella P.C.Silva, 1970
- Hemiboscia 茧形藻属
- Hemizoster C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Hendeya J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Hendeyscoresbya S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Henshawia A.Mann, 1925
- Heribaudia M.Peragallo, 1893 Amphiprora
- Heromphala P.Lefebure, 1947
- Heroneis P.Lefebure, 1947
- Hesslandia A.Cleve-Euler, 1947
- Heterangion S.Komura, 2001
- Heterocampa C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Kütz. R.K.Greville, 1863
- Heteromphala C.G.Ehrenberg, 1859
- Heteroneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Heterostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Himantidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Himantosoma 两形壳缝藻属
- Homalodiscus A.S.Orsted, 1844
- Hormophora A.Jurilj, 1957
- Horstia J.Sieminska & B.Kwiecinska, 2002
- Humbugodiscus J.Deby, 1890
- Hustedtia F.Meister, 1932 Amphiraphia
- Huttoniella G.Karsten, 1928
- Hyalodes F.Dujardin, 1842
- Hyalodictya C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- Hyalopyxis I.V.Makarova, 1989
- Hyalotrochus D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- J.-Y.Chen & H.-Z.Zhu, 1983 H.F.Link, 1820
- Hydrosirella F.Hustedt, 1952
- Hylobiblium Wolle, 1894
- Hystrix J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Iconella
- Ikebea
- Imparvalvia S.Komura, 2007
- Incisoria M.Hajos, 1975
- Insilella C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Isomeria Chevallier
- Isthmiella P.T.Cleve, 1873 Amphitrite
- Janischia A.Grunow, 1883
- Jousea Z.I.Glezer, 1967
- Kannoa S.Komura, 1980
- Katahiraia S.Komura, 1976
- Kidoa S.Komura, 1979 Perag., 1921
- P.T.Cleve ex O.Kunze, 1891 A.P.Jousé, 1973
- Kreagra R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Ktenodiscus J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Kuemmerlea J.A.Krenner, 1926
- Lacustriella H.Lange-Bertalot, M.S.Kulikovskiy & D.Metzeltin, 2012
- Lamella
- Lamprotediscus J.Pantocsek, 1892
- Lancineis G.W.Andrews, 1990
- Lentiliforma
- Leptoscaphos H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lingulatium Amphitropis
- Lioneis C.G.Ehrenberg, 1861
- Liostephania C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847
- Liparogyra C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- Liradiscus R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus akibae I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus asperulus Andrews, 1976
- Liradiscus barbadensis Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus bipolaris K.E.Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus capensis Cleve, 1881
- Liradiscus circularis Hanna, 1927
- Liradiscus ellipticus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus furcatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus japonicus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus lucidus Brun, 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grove MS., 1889
- Liradiscus marginatus Grunow, 1879
- Liradiscus minimus Lohman, 1948
- Liradiscus minutus Forti, 1914
- Liradiscus minutus Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus oblongus Grunow, 1890
- 卵形脊刺藻 Liradiscus ovalis R.K.Greville, 1865
- Liradiscus pacificus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus petasus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus plicatulus Hajós, 1968
- Liradiscus plicatus Hajós, 1968
- 肾形脊刺藻 Liradiscus reniformis Chin & Cheng, 1982
- Liradiscus reticulatus I.Suto, 2004
- Liradiscus rotundus Hajós, 1968
- Liriogramma R.W.Kolbe, 1954
- L.Rabenhorst, 1868 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Lobarzewskya V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Lomonycus S.Komura, 1996
- Longinata M.Hajos, 1975
- Lophotheca H.-J.Schrader, 1969
- Lunulina
- Lyngbyea
- Lysicyclia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1856
- Lysigonium H.F.Link, 1820
- Maluina R.Ross & P.A.Sims, 1987
- Mammidion J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946 Anisodiscus
- Mammula G.Karsten, 1928
- Margaritoxon C.Janisch, 1862
- Mediaria V.S.Scheschukova-Poretzkaja, 1962
- Mediopyxis L.K.Medlin & Kühn, 2006
- Medlinella Frankovich, Ashworth & M.J.Sullivan, 2016
- A.Grunow, 1886 C.Teixeira, 1959
- Melotomus Corda
- Meretrosulus G D.Hanna, 1927
- Meristosolen D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Mesasterias C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872
- Micromega
- Microneis P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Microorbis R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Microspodiscus A.Grunow, 1883
- Microstigma (P.T.Cleve) F.Meister, 1919
- Moelleria P.T.Cleve, 1873 Anisoraphe
- Moisseevia N.I.Strelnikova, 1997
- Monema M.J.Berkeley, 1833
- Monema R.K.Greville, 1827
- Monobrachia H.-J.Schrader, 1976
- Monoceros A.C.J.Van Goor, 1924
- R.E.Norris, 1971 P.Lefebure, 1947
- Monocladia I.Suto, 2003
- Monogramma C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Monopsia E.Grove & G.Sturt, 1887
- Muelleriopsis N.I.Hendey, 1972
- Nadiya
- Nanoneis R.E.Norris, 1973
- Naunema C.G.Ehrenberg, 1838
- Naviculonema C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013
- Nematoplata J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822
- Neograya O.Kuntze, 1898 Annellus
- Neomoelleria S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016
- Nephrodiscus S.Komura, 1996
- Nitzschiopsidea J.Grüss, 1928
- Nothoceratium G.B.De Toni, 1894
- Novilla P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- J.Tempère, 1908 E.J.Quekett, 1844
- Omphalopelta C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Oncodiscus J.W.Bailey
- Oncosphenia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845
- Opephoropsis J.Frenguelli, 1945
- Orthotropis
- Oscillaria C.Pollini, 1816
- Oshitea S.Komura, 1993
- Paleopandorus S.Komura, 1996
- Palmella E.A.Flint
- Paltonella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843 Annularius
- Paltonophora F.T.Kützing, 1833
- Pandurella (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Pappia M.Hajos, 1974
- Paradesmus A.C.J.Corda, 1835
- Parelion
- S.Komura, 2005 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Peponia R.K.Greville, 1863
- Peragalla F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragallia F.Schütt, 1895
- Peragalloella H.Van Heurck, 1909
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854 Perithyra
- F.Cohn & C.Janisch ex L.Rabenhorst, 1864 Phaeoceros
- Annulodiscus Phalarina
- Corda, 1835 Phialediscus
- F.T.Kützing, 1849 Phycorona Hajós
- T.V.Desikachary, V.N.Raja Rao & V.T.Sridharan, 1989 Pleurodesmium
- P.C.Silva, 1970 Pleurodiscus
- P.T.Cleve, 1895 异菱藻属
- Plicatodiscus
- J.Pantocsek ex Van Heurck, 1896 Podiscus
- Anomoeoneis Podosphenia
- F.E.Round & P.W.Basson, 1997 Polyceratium
- C.Janisch, 1888 Ponticella Pitzer
- D.N.Temniskova-Topalova & V.S.Sheshukova-Poretzkaya, 1981 Poretzkia
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848 Porodiscus
- F.Habirshaw, 1877
- Dzinoridze et al., 1979 Praecymatosira
- A.P.Jousé, 1952 Pravifusus
- Antelminellia Proboscidea
- F.Butzin, 1980 Prorostaurus
- N.I.Karayeva, 1978 Protonema F.Schütt, 1893
- B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000 Psammoparalia
- G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1879 Pseudo-pleurosigma
- V.N.Vekschina, 1961
- A.Grunow, 1883 Pseudodictyoneis
- H.-J.Schrader, 1976 Pseudodiploneis
- Anthemodiscus Pseudomastogloia
- A.Grunow, 1884 Pseudosynedra
- J.Pantocsek ex G.Moesz, 1904 Pseudotribrachia J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944
- F.T.Kützing, 1834 Pterotheca
- E.O'Meara, 1867 Radiodiscus
- A.Forti & P.Schulz, 1932
- E.O'Meara, 1875 Rancia
- Raphoneis
- Aplotella Rhabdium
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870 Rhaphidogloea
- B.L.Clark & A.S.Campbell, 1945 Rhaphococcus (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- F.T.Kützing, 1844 Rhizonotia
- G D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964 Robinsonetta
- Carmichael, 1833
- S.Komura, 1996 Rutilariopsis
- R.M.Gogorev, 2014 Sagittula Actinodictyon
- Aporidiscus Salpa
- D.J.Russell & R.E.Norris, 1971 Sawamuraia
- C.Riaux-Gobin, 2012 Scalptrum Rattray, 1889
- Edwards ex C.Johnston, 1860 Scaphularia
- P.Lefebure, 1947 Schimperiella
- C.A.Agardh, 1824
- C.Janisch, 1888 Schmidtiella
- P.Lefebure, 1947 Scoliodiscus
- Aporodiscus Secallia
- D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2002 Sembeya
- J.Pantocsek, 1902 Sieminskia J.Rattray, 1890
- M.Peragallo, 1920 Simonseniella
- S.Komura, 1996 Skvortzowia
- H.Peragallo, 1901
- G.Leuduger-Fortmorel, 1892 Sphaerophora
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1852 Sphenella
- Apteroe Sphenoneis
- (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843 Sphenophora
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843 Sphinctocystis P.T.Cleve, 1891
- H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928 Spinivinculum
- T.V.Desikachary & K.A.Ranjitha Devi, 1986 Staurogramma
- C.Mereschkowsky, 1901
- J.Rattray, 1890 Stelodiscus
- F.Habirshaw, 1878 Stephanogonia
- Apterosoma Stichochrysis
- Stichostaura
- G.B.De Toni, 1894 Stictolecanon S.Komura, 1997
- F.T.Kützing, 1844 Stigmaphora
- [[C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1966
- Stoschiella hebetata C.Gardner & K.Wenderoth, 1996[14]]] Streptommion
- Z.I.Glezer, 1988
- O.Kuntze, 1898 Stylaria
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845 Styloneis
- Archaegoniothecium Syncyclia
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845 Syrinx
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844 Szechenyia J.Witkowski, D.M.Harwood & M.Kulikovskiy, 2012
- J.Brun, 1889 Temperea
- F.W.Mills, 1935 Terebraria
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837
- S.Komura, 2007 Tetramphora
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843 Thaumaleorhabdium
- Archeopantocsekia Thumia
- C.E.Bessey, 1900 Tortilaria
- A.de Brébisson ex M.Peragallo, 1903 J.Pantocsek, 1889 Borbas, 1893
- A.Mann, 1925 Triceras
- M.S.Kulikovskiy & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2012 Trisystema
- S.Komura, 1996
- S.Komura, 1994 Truania
- J.Pantocsek, 1889 Tubaformis
- Archepyrgus Undatodiscus
- S.Komura, 1996 Upothema
- [[A.F.W.Schimper, 1907
- Valdiviella brevicornis Sars G.O., 1905
- Valdiviella brodskyi Zvereva, 1975
- Valdiviella ignota Sewell, 1929
- Valdiviella imperfecta Brodsky, 1950
- Valdiviella insignis Farran, 1908
- Valdiviella minor Wolfenden, 1911
- Valdiviella oligarthra Steuer, 1904]] Vanheurckella R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Pantocsek ex M.Peragallo, 1897 Vanhoeffenus
- A.Missuna, 1914 Vernadskowia
- O.F.Müller, 1773
- C.Janisch, 1888 Willemoesia
- C.L.Graeff, J.P.Kociolek & S.R.Rushforth, 2013 Wittia
- Archimedea Xanthiopsis
- (C.G.Ehrenberg) C.G.Ehrenberg, 1845 Zotheca J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824
- Argonauta G.Karsten, 1928
- Aristella
- Arthrogyra C.G.Ehrenberg ex Ralfs, 1861
- Arthrotoma
- Corda, 1840 Asterodiscus
- A.S.Johnson, 1852 Astrosyne
- Ashworth & Lobban, 2012 Aulacocystis
- A.H.Hassall, 1845 Auriculopsis
- N.I.Hendey, 1964 Actinogonium
- Bactryllium O.Heer, 1853
- Baculites J.Grüss, 1928
- Badiaga Sprengel
- Balanosa S.Komura, 1996
- Baxteria H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Belonastrum C.G.Ehrenberg, 1847 E.Lemmermann, 1900
- Belonidium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Biblarium C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Bifibulatia H.Takano, 1983
- Bilingua R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Bolewskia B.Kwiecinska & J.Sieminska, 2000
- Botellus
- F.Schütt, 1900 Brachybaculites
- J.Grüss, 1928 Brasiliella
- C.Zimmermann S.J., 1918 Brenneckella
- H.Lohman, 1912 Brunia
- J.Tempère ex G.B.De Toni, 1894 Actinogramma
- Bruniella J.Pantocsek, 1902 H.Van Heurck, 1896
- Xanthiopyxis I.Suto, 2006
- J.Pantocsek, 1889 Williamsella
- Bruniopsis P.A.Sims & A.D.Mahood, 1998
- Vulcanella G.Karsten, 1928
- Vibrio H.Heiden & R.W.Kolbe, 1928
- Vanheurckiella
- Calcothrix J.A.Long, D.P.Fuge & J.Smith, 1946
- Unguiella N.A.Desvaux, 1830
- J.Brun, 1894 Gombos A.M.Jr., 1983 Tschestnovia
- R.Gersonde & D.M.Harwood, 1990
- Trochus Callimastogloia Trochosirella
- Lobarzewski S.Komura, 2005
- Tribrachia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Triaulacias
- Fenestrellina Calodiscus W.J.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1948
- I.Suto, 2004 Tibiella L.Rabenhorst, 1853
- Cleve ex Lefébure & Chenevière, 1938
- Groentvedia V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- S.Komura, 1997 Calophyllum Tetrapodiscus
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1872 G.Shadbolt, 1854
- Heibergia C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Tetrachaeta V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2012
- Tessella Calyptosporium
- Heterodictyon D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- M.Peragallo, 1908 V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848 Tabulina
- Campylostylus Hydrolinum
- A.C.J.Corda, 1835 S.Komura, 1975 G.Shadbolt ex C.S.Boyer, 1927
- Syndendrium
- E.Pfitzer, 1871 Suriraya
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844 Capsula
- Stylobiblium Kozloviella J.Brun, 1896
- J.Brun, 1894 F.Schütt ex A.F.Castracane, 1892
- Strombus
- Striatocellina Carrodoria Lithobotrys
- J.B.M.Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1822 Kuntze, 1898
- [[G.C.Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora hungarica Pantocsek, 1892
- Stigmaphora lanceolata Wallich, 1860
- Stigmaphora rostrata Wallich, 1860]] Stictoneis
- Melchersiela
- Castracania C.A.Agardh, 1827
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1853 G.B.De Toni, 1892
- Stichocrysis Monocis
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1848
- L.N.Bukhtiyarova, 2013 Cavitatus C.G.Ehrenberg, 1844
- Stenopterotia D.M.Williams, 1989
- Ocularia P.T.Cleve, 1891
- A.Grunow ex Rabenhorst, 1864 Staurosigma
- Centrodiscus Stauronella
- Pantocsek, 1889
- Pentapodiscus R.Ross, 1990 Periptera
- Spinigera
- Ehrenberg, 1845 Centroporus
- F.T.Kützing, 1833 J.Pantocsek, 1889
- Perizonium Sphenophora
- F.T.Kützing, 1844
- K.I.Meyer Ceratangula (Kützing) L.Agassiz, 1843
- Sphaerotermia P.A.Sims, 2008
- Pharyngoglossa L.Vailionis, 1930
- P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863 Solium
- Ceratodiscus Smithiella
- S.H.Meakin, 1938
- Pinnulariosigma J.Fenner, 1991 F.T.Kützing, 1846
- Sigma
- Actinoneis Ceratophora D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 1998
- Pantocsek, 1889
- P.Lefebure, 1947 Pleuroneis Sellaphoropsis
- Pleurosiphonia
- C.Agardh, 1827 Chasea C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871
- A.Jurilj, 1954 G D.Hanna, 1934
- Schumanniana Ploiaria
- J.W.Bailey, 1844 A.Grunow, 1867
- Schizostauron Cheloniodiscus Pododiscus
- Schizonema F.T.Kützing, 1844 J.Pantocsek, 1889
- F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Pogoneis Scapha
- Chuniella A.F.Castracane, 1886
- G.Karsten, 1905
- S.Komura, 1976 Sameioneis
- Pontodiscus
- J.Pantocsek, 1889 Circularius Salacia
- S.Komura, 1997 E.A.Molinari-Novoa, C.E.Sánchez Ocharan & M.D.Guiry, 2021
- A.P.Jousé, 1949 Saeptifera
- Porostauros
- J.Brun & J.Heribaud, 1893 Cladogramma Rouxia
- Porosularia P.T.Cleve, 1895 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Rosaria B.V.Skvortzov, 1976
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843
- Praeepithemia Cladomphalus Rhipidophora
- A.Witkowski, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2000 J.W.Bailey, 1894
- L.Rabenhorst, 1864 F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Rhabdosira
- Proboscineis Clavicula
- H.Van Heurck, 1896 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1843 J.Pantocsek, 1886
- Ehrenb. Raphidogloea
- Meneghinini, 1845
- Clavularia J.Brun, 1891
- Radiopalma R.K.Greville, 1865
- Radiodiscus Protorhaphoneis
- M.G.Baptista, 1998 A.Grunow ex Forti, 1909
- Clevamphora Psygmatella
- Pseudoaulacodiscus C.Mereschkowsky, 1903
- Pseudocerataulus G.Leuduger-Fortmorel ex C.S.Boyer, 1827
- J.Pantocsek, 1889 Pseudostephanodiscus
- Cleveamphora
- T.F.Kozyrenko & I.V.Makarova, 1997 Pseudodimerogramma Mereschkowsky, 1903
- A.Schmidt, 1874
- Peristephania Cleveia
- C.G.Ehrenberg ex H.Van Heurck, 1896 J.Pantocsek, 1895
- Phaeothallus Clevia
- Ehrenberg C.Mereschkowsky, 1902
- Phlyctaenia Climacidium
- Blanco, 2020 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1870
- Pleurodiscina Clipeoparvus
- J.W.Barker & S.H.Meakin, 1944 J.Woodbridge, E.J.Cox & N.Roberts, 2010
- Pleurostauron Coenobiodiscus
- Z.I.Glezer, 1988 A.R.Loeblich Iii, W.W.Wight & W.M.Darley, 1968
- Actinophaenia Cohaesum
- Ehrenberg, 1836 V.A.Nikolaev & D.M.Harwood, 2007
- Polymyscos Colletonema
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1873 A.de Brébisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Porocyclia Confervea
- R.K.Greville, 1863 O.F.Müller, 1873
- 棘冠藻属 Praecymatosira Corethron
- N.I.Strelnikova, 1979 (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Pritchardia Corinna
- T.B.B.Paddock & P.A.Sims, 1980 P.A.C.Heiberg, 1863
- Proshkinia Coronia
- G.Shadbolt, 1854 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1840
- Pseudauliscus Coronodiscus
- P.T.Cleve & A.Grunow, 1880 I.Suto, 2004
- Pseudocoscinodiscus Coscinophaena
- P.T.Cleve ex J.Pantocsek, 1892 C.G.Ehrenberg, 1854
- Pseudohyalodiscus Coscinorima
- J.Pantocsek, 1905 N.I.Strelnikova, 1999
- Pseudosynedra Cotyledon
- S.Blanco & C.E.Wetzel, 2016 J.Brun, 1891
- Ptychodiscus Craspedopleura
- (W.M.Bale) Mills, 1932 M.Poulin, 1993
- Ralfsia Craspedoporus
- L.Mangin ex J.Chavaillon, 1939 R.K.Greville, 1863
- Reicheltia Cresswellia
- C.F.W.Wallroth, 1833 Arnott ex R.K.Greville, 1857
- Rhaphiophorasphaera Cristodiscus
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1871 Z.I.Glezer & A.P.Olshtynskaya, 1994
- Robinsetta Crossophialus
- G.D.Hanna & A.L.Brigger, 1964 D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Rouxiopsis Crystalia
- H.Van Heurck, 1896 Sommerfeld, 1824
- Actinostephanos Ctenophora
- P.Lefebure, 1947 A.de Brebisson ex F.T.Kützing, 1849
- Scalariella Cultria
- A.C.J.Corda, 1835 (D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot) D.Metzeltin & H.Lange-Bertalot, 2007
- Schimittia Cussia
- G.Karsten, 1905 H.-J.Schrader, 1974
- Schmidtia Cycloites
- C.H.Ostenfeld, 1903 J.Grüss, 1928
- Scytellum Cycloplea
- F.Azpeitia, 1911 V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848
- Semseyia Cyclosira
- G.K.Khursevich, 1989 H.Peragallo & M.Peragallo, 1907
- Siphonodiscus Cyclostephanopsis
- M.S.Kulikovskiy, H.Lange-Bertalot & D.Metzeltin, 2012 L.Loginova, 1993
- Spermatogonia Cymatogonia
- (A.H.Hassall) J.Lindley, 1846 A.Grunow, 1883
- Sphenella Cymatotheca
- V.B.A.Trevisan di San Leon, 1848 N.I.Hendey, 1958
- Sphenosira Cymbamphora
- A.H.Hassall, 1845 P.T.Cleve, 1895
- Spinodiscus Cymbelgeia
- L.Rabenhorst, 1853 L.N.Bukhtiyarova & G.V.Pomazkina, 2013
- Stelladiscus Cymbellopsis
- S.Komura, 2001 K.Krammer, 1997
- Stephanosira Cymbophora
- Pringsheim, 1955 (F.T.Kützing) A.de Brébisson, 1838
- Stictodiscella Cymbosira
- S.Komura, 1999 F.T.Kützing, 1844
- Stoschiella Cypellachaetes
- S.Komura, 1997 D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Sturtgrovea Cystopleura
- Hooker A.de Brébisson ex O.Kuntze, 1891
- 指管藻属 Aggericorona Dactyliosolen
- C.G.Ehrenberg, 1837 (Castracane) H.Perag.
- Systephania Dalai-Lama
- J.Pantocsek, 1903 C.Mereschkowsky, 1906
- Temperella Dalailama
- R.K.Greville, 1864 Mereschkowsky
- Tetralophus Dandrelion
- C.Mereschkowsky, 1903 P.Lefebure, 1947
- Thumia Dasyangea
- P.T.Cleve ex F.B.Taylor, 1929 D.M.Harwood & R.Gersonde, 1990
- Toxosira
图库[编辑]
-
硅藻(光学显微镜下,暗视野)
-
各种硅藻的表面。扫描电子显微镜拍摄。
(A:左上)Biddulphia reticulata
(B:左下)Diploneis sp.
(C:右上)Eupodiscus radiatus
(D:右下)Melosira varians
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Paul G. Falkowski, Miriam E. Katz, Andrew H. Knoll, et al., The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton. SCIENCE, VOL 305, 2004
- ^ 2.0 2.1 吴国芳等. 植物学(第二版)下册. 北京: 高等教育出版社. 1992年: 33-36 [2013年2月28日]. ISBN 7-04-003388-7 (中文(简体)).
- ^ Hasle, G.R.; Syvertsen,E.E. Marine Diatoms. In: Tomas, C.R.(1997). Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. 1997: 5–385.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Round, F. E.; Crawford, R. M. The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the Genera. UK: Cambridge University Press. 1990.
- ^ Canter-Lund, H; Lund, J.W.G. Freshwater Algae. Biopress Limited. 1995. ISBN 0-948737-25-5 (English).
- ^ Mann, D. G. The species concept in diatoms. Evolution. 1989, 24 (1): 1–22.[永久失效链接]
- ^ Yool, Andrew; Tyrrell, Toby. Role of diatoms in regulating the ocean’s silicon cycle (PDF). Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 3003, 17 (4): 1103–1124 [2013-04-22]. doi:10.1029/2002GB002018. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2013-09-21).
- ^ Lipps, J.H. Plankton Evolution. Diatoms occur in all oceans from the poles to the tropics; polar and subpolar regions contain relatively few species compared with temperate biota. Although tropical regions exhibit the greatest number of species, more abundant populations are found in polar to temperate regions. 1970, 24 (1): 1–22. JSTOR 2406711. doi:10.2307/2406711.
- ^ Horner, R.A. A Taxonomic Guide to Some Common Marine Phytoplankton. BiopressLtd. 2002: 25–30. ISBN 0-948737-65-4.
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-12-23).
- ^ 存档副本. [2013-04-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-05).
- ^ O.E.D. 2nd edition 2005
- ^ CHRISTOPHER S. LOBBAN,J. NELSON NAVARRO.Gato hyalinus gen. etsp. nov., an unusual araphid tube-dwelling diatom from Western Pacific and Caribbean islands[J].Phytotaxa,2013,127(1)
- ^ Claire Gardner , Dieter Schulz , Richard M. Crawford & Klaus Wenderoth (1995) STOSCHIELLA HEBETATA GEN. ET SP. NOV. A DIATOM FROM INTERTIDAL SAND, Diatom Research, 10:2, 241-250, DOI: 10.1080/0269249X.1995.9705347