珊迦

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珊迦
File:Speculum Darmstadt 2505 31r Sangor.jpg
中世纪描绘的珊迦
前任以笏?
继任底波拉?

珊迦（希伯来语：שַׁמְגַּר‬）是《士师记》中记载的士师。士师记有两次提到珊迦，都是用“亚拿的儿子”称称呼他，两次分别记载如下：

  1. 第一次的记载中，珊迦把非利士人赶出以色列，用赶牛的棍子打死六百非利士人（士师记 3:31）
  2. 第二次的记载是出现在底波拉写的诗里，诗中把珊迦视为以前的首领之一，但是当时以色列社会没有正常运作，道路无人行走，旅行者需绕路而行（士师记 5:6）

《士师记》中对珊迦的记载和其他士师不同，首次提到珊迦时，没有介绍、没有结论，没有提及治理期间有多长[1]，也没有提到他是以色列的士师[2]，而接下来的文字直接承接前文的叙述[3]。在许多早期的抄本中，把珊迦的记载放在参孙后面，而不是在以笏以后，两者的描述方式较接近；有些学者认为这比较像是这段记载最原始的位置[3][1]。

珊迦的举动类似《撒母耳记下》所记载，大卫的勇士（英语：King David's Warriors）中的沙玛[4]。学者也不太确定这两人是否是同一人，而后来士师记的记载才移到此处，或者这两人确实是不同的两位英雄[4]。

已隐藏部分未翻译内容，欢迎参与翻译。
Scholars also believe that the name of the individual may originally have been Shammah, and became corrupted under the influence of the Shamgar in the Song of Deborah.[3] The term usually translated as oxgoad is a biblical hapax legomenon（英语：hapax legomenon）,[1] the translation into English being made on the basis of the 七十士译本's translation into Greek.

The other mention of Shamgar, that in the Song of Deborah, connects Shamgar with a low period of Israelite society.

《犹太百科全书》 suspects him of having been a foreign oppressor of the Israelites, rather than an Israelite ruler.[3] From the form of the name, it is suspected that Shamgar may actually have been a 赫梯, a similar name occurring with Sangara（英语：Sangara (King)\）, a Hittite king of 卡尔凯美什; more recent scholars hold that the name is of 胡里安人 origin and may well be Šimig-ari.[5]

The Bible also indicates that he was the "son" of 阿纳特 (the name of a 迦南宗教 deity). In recent years, arrowheads bearing the names ben-anat and Aramaic bar anat, dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC, have been discovered.[6] This has led several recent scholars to theorize that the expression "son of Anath" probably designates a warrior title.[7]

参考资料和引用[编辑]

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Peake's Commentary on the Bible
  2. ^ Shamgar | Encyclopedia.com. www.encyclopedia.com. [2024-08-10]. （原始内容存档于2022-12-05）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 File:PD-icon.svg 此条目包含现处于公共领域的出版物中的内容：Emil G. Hirsch, George A. Barton. Shamgar. Singer, Isidore; et al (编). 犹太百科全书. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company. 1901–1906. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Richard R. Losch. All the People in the Bible: An A-Z Guide to the Saints, Scoundrels, and Other Characters in Scripture. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 13 May 2008: 394. ISBN 978-0-8028-2454-7. 
  5. ^ Smith, Mark S.; Bloch-Smith, Elizabeth M. Judges 1: A Commentary on Judges 1:1 Ð 10:5. Fortress Press. 2021 [2022-07-29]. ISBN 978-1-5064-8049-7. （原始内容存档于2023-04-26）. 
  6. ^ Lubetski, Meir; Lubetski, Edith. New Inscriptions and Seals Relating to the Biblical World. Society of Biblical Lit. 2012: 6–8 [2022-07-29]. ISBN 978-1-58983-557-3. （原始内容存档于2023-04-26）. 
  7. ^ Smith, Mark S.; Bloch-Smith, Elizabeth M. Judges 1: A Commentary on Judges 1:1 Ð 10:5. Fortress Press. 2021 [2022-07-29]. ISBN 978-1-5064-8049-7. （原始内容存档于2023-04-08）. 

外部链接[编辑]

前任者：
以笏 		士师 继任者：
底波拉和巴拉（英语：Barak）
检索自“https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?title=珊迦&oldid=4896573”