犏牛
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| 犏牛File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
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| File:Zokyo loaded with bags.jpg | |
| 前往珠穆朗玛峰的途中作为驮畜的犏牛 | |
驯养
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| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界: | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
| 目: | 偶蹄目 Artiodactyla |
| 科: | 牛科 Bovidae |
| 亚科: | 牛亚科 Bovinae |
| 族: | 牛族 Bovini |
| 亚族: | 牛亚族 Bovina |
| 属: | 牛属 Bos |
| 种: | |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误:attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
犏牛(标准藏语:མཛོ་,罗马化:mdzo),是牦牛和家牛的杂交种,“犏牛”一词实际上指称雄性的杂交种,雌性杂交种则称为“犏母牛”(dzomo或zhom)。蒙古语中,此物种被称为“хайнаг ”(khainag)[1];英语则存在将“牦牛”(yak)和“牛”(cattle)两词结合的混成词“yattle”,以及“牦牛”(yak)和“母牛”(cow)结合的“yakow”。[2][3]
犏母牛具有生育能力(或繁殖力),雄性犏牛则不具备生育能力,且由于是杂种优势(异形杂交)下的产物,犏牛因此相较同一地区的牦牛或家牛体型更大且更强壮。[4]蒙古和西藏人认为犏牛在产肉和产奶量方面均较牦牛和家牛高。[5][6]
犏母牛可与其亲本进行回交,故诸多号称纯种的牦牛和家牛可能都带有彼此的遗传物质。犏母牛与雄性牦牛和家牛杂交的子代在蒙古被称为“ортоом”(ortoom),而此子代再与雄性牦牛和家牛杂交的产物则是“усан гүзээ”(usan güzee)。[6][7]
犏牛遗传双亲的两种不同蛋白质类型,导致其线粒体结构与功能产生变化,使犏牛于高海拔低氧环境的适应力较其亲本强。[8]
参见[编辑]
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ Mummolo, Jonathan. Yattle What?. The Washington Post. 2007-08-11 [2017-01-03]. (原始内容存档于2017-07-01) (English).
Mentzer, who grew up farming in Loudoun County, and his partner, Jim Dumbrell, a retired British oil and gas pipeline consultant, are breeding yattle -- a cross between cows and yaks.
- ^ National Research Council. Little-Known Asian Animals With a Promising Economic Future. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. 1983: 34 [2025-02-15]. ISBN 978-0-309-32715-2. doi:10.17226/19514. (原始内容存档于2021-09-23) (English).
- ^ Mason, Ian. Porter, Valerie , 编. Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types and Varieties. West Sussex: CABI. March 2002: 122 [2017-01-03]. ISBN 085199430X. (原始内容存档于2017-12-23) (English).
- ^ David B. Madsen; Fa-Hu Chen; Xing Gao. Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China. Elsevier. 2007-07-03: 207. ISBN 978-0-444-52962-6 (English).
- ^ Bataagiin Bynie. Mongolia: The Country Refort (sic!) On Animal Genetic Resources (PDF). 乌兰巴托: 11. 2002-09 [2008-04-28]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-09-24) –通过FAO (English).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Tsering, Diki. Dalai Lama, My Son. Penguin Books. 2002. ISBN 0-7865-2260-7 (English).
- ^ Takase, Hisabumi; Tumennasan, Kh.; Hiratsuka, Kazuyuki; Chandley, Ann C.; Hotta, Yasuo. Fertility Investigation in F1 Hybrid and Backcross Progeny of Cattle (Bos taurus) and Yak (B. gruniens) in Mongolia. : II. Little variation in gene products studied in male sterile and fertile animals.. Niigata journal of health and welfare. 2002, 2 (1): 42–52 [2025-02-15]. ISSN 1346-8782 (English).
- ^ Long, Ling; Zhu, Yipan; Li, Zhenzi; Zhang, Haixia; Liu, Lixia; Bai, Jialin. Differential expression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins in yak, dzo, and cattle: a proteomics-based study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2020, 82 (8): 1178–1186 [2025-02-15]. doi:10.1292/jvms.19-0218. (原始内容存档于2024-07-13) (English).
外部链接[编辑]
- File:Commons-logo.svg 维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:犏牛
| 小作品图示 | 这是一篇关于家牛的小作品。您可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 |
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