灶马
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| 灶马File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Ceuthophiluscricket.jpg | |
| 一只种类未知的灶马 | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 直翅目 Orthoptera |
| 亚目： | 剑尾亚目 Ensifera |
| 总科： | 驼螽总科 Rhaphidophoroidea Walker, 1869 |
| 科： | 驼螽科 Rhaphidophoridae Walker, 1869 |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
| 异名 | |
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驼螽科（学名：Rhaphidophoridae），又称穴螽科，俗称灶马、灶马蟋蟀，是一种属于直翅目剑尾亚目的昆虫，有说法表示成语“蛛丝马迹”之中的马即指灶马。[1]
构造[编辑]
体长约18.5至21.5毫米，雌性若算入腹部后端的产卵管则为12.0至23.0毫米；与其他灶马科昆虫一样，即使是成虫也没有翅膀。最大的特征就是拥有极长的触角，甚至可达到体长的3倍以上；由于它属于不完全变态昆虫，因此幼虫外表除了在第1至3节身体下有着大量刚毛外与成虫相同。
下级分类[编辑]
驼螽科包括以下属：
- Minirhaphidophora
- Scudder, 1894 Adiestramima
- Gorochov, 1998 Aemodogryllus
- Adelung, 1902 Allotachycines
- Ishikawa, 1993 Ammobaenetes
- Anoplophilus Zong, Qin & He, 2021
- Australotettix
- Tinkham, 1962 Dendroplectron
- Exochodrilus Qin, Liu & Li, 2017
- Leptargyrtes Richards, 1968
- Pleioplectron Speleotettix
- Hubbell, 1972 Miotopus
- Hutton, 1896 Chopard, 1944 Diestrammena
- Hubbell, 1972 Hypsobadistes
- Hutton, 1898 Paradiestrammena
- Stonychophora Karny, 1934
- Machamata Chopard, 1919
- Pristoceuthophilus Richards, 1964
- Ceuthophilus Richards, 1964
- Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Hadenoecus
- Hubbell, 1977 Neonetus
- Rehn, 1903 Hubbell, 1936
- 疾灶螽属 Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Paraneonetus Tachycines
- Farallonophilus Scudder, 1862
- Macrobaenetes
- Salmon, 1948 Prorhaphidophora
- Talitropsis Tinkham, 1962 Neorhaphidophora
- Chopard, 1936 Anargyrtes
- [[Karny, 1931
- Anoplophilus acuticercus Karny, 1931
- Anoplophilus amagisanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus befui Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus esakii Furukawa, 1938
- Anoplophilus hakusanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus hasegawai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus hyonosenensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus koreanus Storozhenko & Paik, 2010[2]
- Anoplophilus major Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus minor Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus ohbayashii Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus okadai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus otariensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus shikokuensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus takaishii Ishikawa, 2015
- Anoplophilus tominagai Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus tosaensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus tsurugisanus Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus utsugidakensis Ishikawa, 2002
- Anoplophilus wakuiae Ishikawa, 2002]] Atachycines
- Scudder, 1862 Daihiniella
- Dolichopoda Rentz, 1972
- Insulanoplectron
- Gorochov, 1999 Pararhaphidophora
- Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998 Macropathus
- Gorochov, 1999 Protroglophilus
- Bolívar, 1880
- Hemitachycines Richards, 1970 Walker, 1869
- Neotachycines 副疾灶螽属 Gorochov, 1989
- Richards, 1971
- Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Paratachycines
- Troglophilus Cavernotettix
- Hubbell, 1936 Diarhaphidophora
- Gammarotettix Storozhenko, 1990
- Maotoweta Storozhenko, 1990
- Pseudotachycines Tropidischia
- Johns & Cook, 2014 Notoplectron
- Qin, Liu & Li, 2017 Scudder, 1862 Euhadenoecus
- Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 Ischyroplectron
- Richards, 1964 Parudenus
- Typhloceuthophilus Hubbell, 1940
- Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Alpinanoplophilus
- Hubbell, 1936 Hubbell, 1972
- Argyrtes Furukawa, 1933 Richards, 1966
- Daihinia Gorochov, 2012
- Hubbell, 1978 Hemiudeopsylla
- Hutton, 1896 Storozhenko & Gorochov, 1992 Novoplectron
- Caudell, 1916 Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1900
- 巨疾灶螽属 Richards, 1958
- Parvotettix Udeopsylla
- Gigantettix Saussure & Pictet, 1897
- Megatachycines
- Richards, 1968 Rhaphidophora
- Utabaenetes Zhu, Shi & Zhou, 2022 Novotettix
- [[Serville, 1838
- Rhaphidophora abramovi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora acutelaminata Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora amboinensis Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora angulata Ingrisch, 2002
- Rhaphidophora angustifrons Chopard, 1940
- Rhaphidophora arsentiji Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora baeri Bolívar, 1890
- Rhaphidophora banarensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora baronciniturricchiae Di Russo & Rampini, 2017
- Rhaphidophora beccarii Griffini, 1908
- Rhaphidophora beta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora bicornuta Karny, 1937
- Rhaphidophora bidoup Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora bokor Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora brevicauda Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora brevipes Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora caligulata Zacher, 1909
- Rhaphidophora cambodia Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora cavernicola Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora chopardi Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora collina Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora crassicornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora curta Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora curup Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora dammermani Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora dehaani Karny, 1920
- Rhaphidophora deusta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora digitata Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora doloduo Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora exigua Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora fedorenkoi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora furcifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora fusca Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora gracilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora iliai Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora indica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora insularis Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora invalida Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora ivani Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora jambi Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora khmerica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Karny, 1926
- Rhaphidophora lampung Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora lao Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora lobulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora longa Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora longicauda Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora lorelindu Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora loricata (Burmeister, 1838)
- Rhaphidophora magna Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora malayensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora mariae Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora marmorata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora mindoro Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora mulmeinensis Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora mutica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora negaraensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora neglecta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora obesa Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora obtuselaminata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora oophaga Chopard, 1959
- Rhaphidophora pahangensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pangrango Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora parvicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora phusoy Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora ponapensis Vickery & Kevan, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pubescens Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021
- Rhaphidophora quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora raoan Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rasilis Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rechingeri Holdhaus, 1909
- Rhaphidophora recta Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rhombica Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rhombifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora rufobrunnea Chopard, 1921
- Rhaphidophora sarasini Karny, 1931
- Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora shii Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora simillima Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora simulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962
- Rhaphidophora songbaensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora spinifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora spinita Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora stridulans Ingrisch, 2006
- Rhaphidophora taiwana Shiraki, 1930[2]
- Rhaphidophora tamanensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora testacea Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora thaiensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora trat Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vangheua Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vasiliji Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora vietensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora wasile Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuasa Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012|Serville, 1838
- Rhaphidophora abramovi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora acutelaminata Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora amboinensis Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora angulata Ingrisch, 2002
- Rhaphidophora angustifrons Chopard, 1940
- Rhaphidophora arsentiji Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora baeri Bolívar, 1890
- Rhaphidophora banarensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora baronciniturricchiae Di Russo & Rampini, 2017
- Rhaphidophora beccarii Griffini, 1908
- Rhaphidophora beta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora bicornuta Karny, 1937
- Rhaphidophora bidoup Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora biprocera Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora bokor Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora brevicauda Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora brevipes Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora caligulata Zacher, 1909
- Rhaphidophora cambodia Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora cavernicola Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora chopardi Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora collina Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora complanatis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora crassicornis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora curta Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora curup Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora dammermani Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora dehaani Karny, 1920
- Rhaphidophora deusta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora digitata Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora doloduo Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora duxiu Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora exigua Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora fedorenkoi Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora furcifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora fusca Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora glenoides Qin, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora gracilis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora heterodentis Shen, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora hexagoniproctalis Wang, Di & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora iliai Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora imbricofurca Shen, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora impressa Wang, Qin & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora incilis Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora indica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora insularis Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora invalida Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora ivani Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora jambi Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora khmerica Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora kinabaluensis Karny, 1926
- Rhaphidophora lampung Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora lao Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora lobulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora longa Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora longicauda Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora longitabula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora lorelindu Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora loricata (Burmeister, 1838)
- Rhaphidophora magna Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora malayensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora mariae Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora marmorata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora mindoro Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora minuolamella Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora mohanensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora mulmeinensis Chopard, 1916
- Rhaphidophora mutica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Rhaphidophora negaraensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora neglecta Karny, 1930
- Rhaphidophora obesa Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora obtuselaminata Karny, 1924
- Rhaphidophora oophaga Chopard, 1959
- Rhaphidophora pahangensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pangrango Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora parvicauda Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora phusoy Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora ponapensis Vickery & Kevan, 1999
- Rhaphidophora pubescens Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora quadridentata Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora quadrispina Liu & Bian, 2021
- Rhaphidophora quadrula Bian, Zhu & Shi, 2017
- Rhaphidophora raoan Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rasilis Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rechingeri Holdhaus, 1909
- Rhaphidophora recta Gorochov, 2002
- Rhaphidophora rhombica Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora rhombifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora rongshuiensis Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora rufobrunnea Chopard, 1921
- Rhaphidophora sarasini Karny, 1931
- Rhaphidophora setiformis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora shii Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora sichuanensis Liu & Zhang, 2002
- Rhaphidophora simillima Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora simulata Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora sinica Bey-Bienko, 1962
- Rhaphidophora songbaensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora spinifera Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora spinita Lu & Bian, 2022
- Rhaphidophora stenoterminata Zhang, Wang & He, 2024[4]
- Rhaphidophora stridulans Ingrisch, 2006
- Rhaphidophora taiwana Shiraki, 1930[2]
- Rhaphidophora tamanensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora testacea Ander, 1932
- Rhaphidophora thaiensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora trat Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vangheua Gorochov, 2012
- Rhaphidophora vasiliji Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora vietensis Gorochov, 1999
- Rhaphidophora wasile Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuasa Gorochov, 2013
- Rhaphidophora wuzhishanensis Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Rhaphidophora xishuang Gorochov, 2012]] Tinkham, 1970
- Haldeman, 1850 Daihiniodes
- Eurhaphidophora Gorochov, 1998
- Isoplectron
- Richards, 1966 Petrotettix
- Micropathus Richards, 1972
- Salishella Gorochov, 1999
- Heteromallus Hutton, 1896 Richards, 1964
- Orphanotettix Hebard, 1939
- Sugimoto & Ichikawa, 2003 Pharmacus
- Arboramima
- Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Certhothilus
- Hebard, 1929 Diestramima
- Gymnaeta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Microtachycines
- Pictet & Saussure, 1893 Setascutum Gorochov, 1992
- Pachyrhamma Richards, 1972
- Eutachycines Adelung, 1902
- Leodiestramima Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
- Phoberopus Mimadiestra
- Saussure & Pictet, 1897 Sinorhaphidophora
- Daihinibaenetes
- Storozhenko, 1990 Storozhenko, 1990
- Homotachycines Storozhenko, 2009 Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
- Mimadiestra biloba Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2014
- Mimadiestra dicha Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018
- Mimadiestra gracila Zhu, Wu & Shi, 2018
- Mimadiestra sirindhornae Dawwrueng, Storozhenko & Artchawakom, 2016[3]
- Pallidoplectron Qin, Jiang, Liu & Li, 2018
- Scudder, 1862 Udenus
- Krauss, 1879 Tasmanoplectron
- Bolívar, 1882 Adelung, 1902
- Styracosceles
- Richards, 1958 Phrixocnemis
- Péringuey, 1916 Spelaeiacris Rhachocnemis
- Enderlein, 1910 Pallidotettix
- Gorochov, 2002
- Gymnaetoides Zhu & Shi, 2022 Megadiestramima
参考[编辑]
- 灶的读音：ㄗㄠˋ
- ^ 【奇趣史话】“蛛丝马迹”的马系咩？ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）《苹果日报》2013年4月16日
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Do-Yoon Kim, Sangil Kim, Hojun Song and Seunggwan Shin. 2024. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Wingless orthopteran Family Rhaphidophoridae. Communications Biology. 7: 401 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06068-x
- ^ Pattarawich Dawwrueng, Sergey Yu. Storozhenko and Taksin Artchawakom. 2016. Mimadiestra sirindhornae sp. nov. from Thailand (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodogryllinae). The Thailand Natural History Museum Journal. 10(2); 61-66.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mi Di, Yan-Yan Qin, Zi-Hao Shen, Tao Zhang, Han-Qiang Wang, Kai Li and Zhu-Qing He. 2024. Six New Species of Rhaphidophora from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 925(1); 76–99. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.925.2453
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