佩刀
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佩刀(Template:Langx[1];Template:Langx;Template:Langx),又有不同名称,宫廷剑、细剑、花剑、锐剑、西洋剑、军刀,为弯曲刀身与单面刀锋的西方军刀。
语源[编辑]
“佩剑”的语源可以追溯至钦察突厥语和匈牙利语,意为“切”(Template:Langx)[2]。
历史[编辑]
佩剑原是匈牙利人所使用的武器[3],使用的历史最早可追溯到西元九世纪前后,始于匈牙利骠骑兵[4]。
17世纪末和18世纪,许多匈牙利骠骑兵逃亡到中、西欧国家,并成为当地骠骑兵的中坚,因此把被称为Sabre的佩剑传入西欧[5]。package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Format link' not found在19世纪初,佩剑在拿破仑战争开始在战场上大量使用,并持续到第二次世界大战结束[6][7][8];根据FIE剑种说明,现代运动的佩剑是由十九世纪末海军用剑发展而成的。与此同时,欧洲的警察亦曾装备佩剑,后来因人道和实用性理由,被警棍取代[9][10]。
特点[编辑]
佩剑源于东欧Szabla型佩剑,最早是中世纪时的单刃刀。为了方便在马上单手使用,佩剑通常造得轻巧,刀身也尽量造得较长,共有直刀身、微弯刀身、大弯刀身三种。
图集[编辑]
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现代美军仪队军刀
参见[编辑]
参考来源[编辑]
- ↑ e.g. Report on the Military Academy at West Point, United States Congressional serial set, Volume 1089, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1861, p. 218.
- ↑ There are some alternative suggestions, deriving the term from a natively Slavic word; e.g. Brückner (Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. 1927) adduced Slavi sabl "rooster" and Menges (The Oriental elements in the vocabulary of the oldest Russian epos, 1951) attempted to connect the Arabic saif.
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ Bavaria raised its first hussar regiment in 1688 and a second one in about 1700. Prussia followed suit in 1721 when Frederick the Great used hussar units extensively during the War of the Austrian Succession. France established a number of hussar regiments from 1692 onward, recruiting originally from Hungary and Germany, then subsequently from German-speaking frontier regions within France itself. The first hussar regiment in France was founded by a Hungarian lieutenant named Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny. Hungarian-history.hu (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ Klaus Richter, Weapons & Equipment of the German Cavalry: 1935–1945, p. 25, ISBN 978-0-8874-0816-8
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found
- ↑ package.lua第80行Lua错误:module 'Module:Citation/CS1/People' not found[页码请求]