丙二醛
| 丙二醛 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Malondialdehyd.svg | |||
|
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| 首选IUPAC名 propanedial | |||
| 英文名 | Malondialdehyde | ||
| 识别 | |||
| 缩写 | MDA | ||
| CAS号 | 542-78-9 check | ||
| PubChem | 10964 | ||
| ChemSpider | 10499 | ||
| SMILES |
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| InChI |
| ||
| InChIKey | WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYAU | ||
| KEGG | C19440 | ||
| 性质 | |||
| 化学式 | C3H4O2 | ||
| 摩尔质量 | 72.06 g·mol−1 | ||
| 外观 | 针状固体[1] | ||
| 密度 | 0.991 g/mL | ||
| 熔点 | 72 °C(345 K) | ||
| 沸点 | 108 °C(381 K) | ||
| 危险性 | |||
| 允许暴露限值 | none[1] | ||
| 相关物质 | |||
| 相关烯醛 | 羟基丙二醛 4-羟基-2-壬烯醛 | ||
| 若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 | |||
丙二醛,简称MDA,是一种有机化合物,化学式 CH2(CHO)2。它是一种无色液体,反应性极高,通常以烯醇式存在。[2]
结构和制备[编辑]
- CH2(CHO)2 → HOC(H)=CH-CHO
在实验室中,丙二醛可以由对应的缩醛1,1,3,3-四甲氧基丙烷水解而成。与丙二醛不同,这种缩醛是稳定,可商购的。[2]
生物合成和反应性[编辑]
丙二醛可以由脂肪的脂质过氧化而成。[3]它是血栓素A2的合成中的重要产物,其中环加氧酶1或环加氧酶2通过血小板和一系列其他细胞和组织,将花生四烯酸代谢成前列腺素H2。前列腺素H2再被血栓烷合成酶进一步代谢为血栓素A2、12-羟基十七碳三烯酸和丙二醛。[4][5]
活性氧类会降解脂肪,形成丙二醛。[6]这种醛具有高反应性,是许多反应性亲电试剂之一,可在细胞中引起毒性应激并形成称为高级脂肪氧化终产物 (ALE) 的共价蛋白质加合物,类似于高级糖化终产物(AGE)。[7]这种醛的产生可用来测量生物的氧化应激水平。[8][9]
丙二醛会和DNA中的脱氧腺苷和脱氧鸟苷反应,形成DNA加合物,主要会产生突变原M1G。[10]精氨酸的胍基会与丙二醛缩合,得到2-氨基嘧啶。
分析[编辑]
丙二醛和其它硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质 (TBARS) 会与两倍的硫代巴比妥酸缩合,生成可通过分光光度法测定的荧光红色衍生物。[2][11]1-甲基-2-苯基吲哚是另一种更具选择性的试剂。[2]
危险性和病理学[编辑]
丙二醛具有高反应性,有潜在的致突变性。[12]它被发现存在于加热的食用油中,例如向日葵油和棕榈油。[13]
根据一项研究,患有圆锥角膜和大疱性角膜病变的患者的角膜中,丙二醛的水平升高了。[14]丙二醛也可以在骨关节炎患者的关节组织切片中找到。[15]
在评估精子中的膜损伤时,也可以考虑丙二醛的水平(脂质过氧化的标志)。这是至关重要的,因为氧化应激通过改变膜流动性、渗透性和损害精子功能来影响精子功能。[16]
参见[编辑]
参考资料[编辑]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. #0377. NIOSH.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nair, Vasu; O'Neil, Crystal L.; Wang, Peng George, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd , 编, Malondialdehyde, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2008-03-14 [2025-11-30], ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7, doi:10.1002/047084289x.rm013.pub2 (English)
- ↑ Davey, M. W.; Stals, E.; Panis, B.; Keulemans, J.; Swennen, R. L. High-throughput determination of malondialdehyde in plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry. 2005-12-15, 347 (2): 201-207 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 0003-2697. PMID 16289006. doi:10.1016/j.ab.2005.09.041.
- ↑ J. Biol. Chem. 248:5673; 1973
- ↑ Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3400; 1974
- ↑ Pryor, William A.; Stanley, J. P. Suggested mechanism for the production of malonaldehyde during the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nonenzymic production of prostaglandin endoperoxides during autoxidation. The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 1975-11, 40 (24): 3615-3617 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 0022-3263. PMID 1185332. doi:10.1021/jo00912a038 (English).
- ↑ Farmer, Edward E; Davoine, Céline. Reactive electrophile species. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. Special Issue on Biotic Interactions. 2007-08-01, 10 (4): 380-386 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 1369-5266. PMID 17646124. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2007.04.019.
- ↑ Moore, Kevin; Roberts, L. Jackson. Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation. Free Radical Research. 1998-01, 28 (6): 689-671 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 1071-5762. PMID 9736317. doi:10.3109/10715769809065821 (English).
- ↑ Rio, Daniele Del; Stewart, Amanda J.; Pellegrini, Nicoletta. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2005-08-01, 15 (4): 316-328 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 0939-4753. PMID 16054557. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003 (English).
- ↑ Marnett, Lawrence J. Lipid peroxidation—DNA damage by malondialdehyde. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1999-03-08, 424 (1): 83-95 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 0027-5107. PMID 10064852. doi:10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00010-X.
- ↑ http://www.amdcc.org/shared/showFile.aspx?doctypeid=3&docid=33 互联网档案馆的存档,存档日期September 14, 2006,.
- ↑ Hartman, Philip E. Review: Putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. IV. Malonaldehyde (malondialdehyde). Environmental Mutagenesis. 1983, 5 (4): 603-607 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 1930-238X. doi:10.1002/em.2860050409 (English).
- ↑ Doureradjou, P.; Koner, Bidhan Chandra. Effect of Different Cooking Vessels on Heat Induced Lipid Peroxidation of Different Edible Oils. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2008, 32 (6): 740-751 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 1745-4514. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00195.x (English).
- ↑ Buddi, Rajeev; Lin, Brian; Atilano, Shari R.; Zorapapel, Nadia C.; Kenney, M. Cristina; Brown, Donald J. Evidence of Oxidative Stress in Human Corneal Diseases. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. 2002-03, 50 (3): 341-351 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 0022-1554. doi:10.1177/002215540205000306 (English).
- ↑ Tiku, Moti L.; Narla, Haritha; Jain, Mohit; Yalamanchili, Praveen. Glucosamine prevents in vitro collagen degradation in chondrocytes by inhibiting advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2007-08-08, 9 (4): R76 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 1478-6354. PMC 2206377 可免费查阅. PMID 17686167. doi:10.1186/ar2274 (English).
- ↑ Collodel, G.; Moretti, E.; Micheli, L.; Menchiari, A.; Moltoni, L.; Cerretani, D. Semen characteristics and malondialdehyde levels in men with different reproductive problems. Andrology. 2015, 3 (2): 280-286 [2025-11-30]. ISSN 2047-2927. PMID 25331426. S2CID 28027300. doi:10.1111/andr.297 (English).