天南星屬
（重新導向自Arisaema）
| 天南星屬File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Arisaema triphyllum.jpg | |
| Arisaema triphyllum | |
| 科學分類 編輯 | |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 單子葉植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 澤瀉目 Alismatales |
| 科： | 天南星科 Araceae |
| 亞科： | 天南星亞科 Aroideae |
| 族： | 天南星族 Arisaemateae |
| 屬： | 天南星屬 Arisaema Mart., 1831 |
| 模式種 | |
| 美麗南星 Arisaema speciosum (Wall.) Mart., 1832
| |
| 多樣性[1] | |
| 約197種 | |
| File:Arisaema distribution.svg | |
| 本屬的世界分佈 | |
| 異名 | |
| |
天南星屬（學名：Arisaema）是天南星科下唯一雌雄異株的屬[2]，為多年生草本植物[3]。該屬共有至少197種，分佈於熱帶和溫帶亞洲[1][4]。其分佈和物種分化的中心位於喜馬拉雅山脈至橫斷山脈地區[5]。
天南星屬的物種具有直立且狹長的佛焰苞[6]，主要通過雙翅目昆蟲中的菌蚊科和眼蕈蚊科的蕈蚊進行傳粉[7]。在每個生長季中，天南星屬的雌雄異株植物會表現出雌性、雄性和無性三種性別狀態，偶爾也會出現雌雄同株的現象[8]。
下屬物種[編輯]
本屬包括以下物種：
- Alocasia coriacea
- Arisaema abei Arisaema aprile
- Arisaema chumponense 黎婆花
- Arisaema pachystachyum Hett. & Gusman Arisaema hainanense
- Gagnep. C.Y.Wu ex H.Li, Y.Shiao & S.L.Tseng
- Engl. 疣序南星
- Arisaema pangii Arisaema barbatum 雙耳南星
- Arisaema handelii Arisaema parisifolium
- Stapf ex Hand.-Mazz. J.Murata Arisaema ciliatum
- Arisaema parvum N.E.Br. ex Hemsl.
- Arisaema heptaphyllum J.Murata Buchet
- H.Li Blume Gagnep.
- Arisaema peerumedense
- 棒頭南星 Arisaema hesperia
- Arisaema peltatum Knowlton, 1926 C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema clavatum
- Arisaema penicillatum N.E.Br. Arisaema heterocephalum
- Buchet Koidz.
- K.Krause 三匹箭 Arisaema album
- 旱生南星 Arisaema barnesiae
- Arisaema heterophyllum Arisaema pianmaense
- Blume H.Li Arisaema claviforme
- Arisaema pierreanum Engl.
- Arisaema honbaense C.E.C.Fisch.
- Brugg., J.Ponert, Rybková & Vuong Luu, Tich, G.Tran & V.D.Nguyen H.Li
- 湘南星 Arisaema polyphyllum
- 皺序南星 Arisaema hunanense 河谷南星
- Arisaema prazeri Hand.-Mazz. Arisaema aridum
- Arisaema concinnum 洪雅南星
- Arisaema propinquum Schott Arisaema hungyaense
- Schott
- Seriz. 宜蘭天南星
- Arisaema psittacus Arisaema barnesii
- Arisaema ilanense Arisaema purpureogaleatum
- J.C.Wang Engl. Arisaema condaoense
- Arisaema quinatum Seriz.
- N.E.Br. H.Li C.E.C.Fisch.
- V.D.Nguyen (Seriz.) Seriz. ex K.Sasam. & J.Murata Alderw.
- 雪裏見 Arisaema rhizomatum
- Arisaema inclusum 黑南星
- Arisaema rhombiforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. ex B.D.Jacks.
- 銀南星 Arisaema condaoensis
- Arisaema ringens (Thunb.) Schott Arisaema inclusum
- V.D.Nguyen N.E.Br.
- V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce 三匹箭
- 阿里山南星 Arisaema bathycoleum 長行天南星
- Arisaema inkiangense Arisaema rubrirhizomatum
- [[ 斑葉三匹箭 Arisaema inkiangense var. maculatum]] H.Li & J.Murata Arisaema consanguineum
- 高原南星 Arisaema ruwenzoricum N.E.Br.
- Arisaema intermedium Hand.-Mazz.
- Schott Blume (Miyabe & Kudô) J.Murata
- Arisaema saddlepeakense
- Arisaema ishizuchiense
- Arisaema sarracenioides 東北南星 Arisaema arisanense
- Arisaema constrictum
- Arisaema saxatile Buchet Arisaema iyoanum
- E.Barnes Makino
- (Blume) Makino 藏南綠南星
- Arisaema schimperianum Arisaema biauriculatum 心檐南星
- Arisaema jacquemontii Arisaema scortechinii
- Blume Hook.f. Arisaema cordatum
- 蛇頭草 Arisaema seppikoense Kitam.
- Arisaema japonicum W.W.Sm.
- N.E.Br. Blume (Thunb.) Schott
- 綠苞細齒南星 Arisaema serratum var. viridescens
- Arisaema setosum
- 多脈南星 Arisaema jethompsonii 石棉南星
- Arisaema shihmienense Thiyagaraj & P.Daniel
- 大關山南星 Arisaema costatum
- Arisaema siamicum Gagnep. Arisaema jingdongense
- (Wall.) Mart. H.Peng & H.Li
- Stapf, 1925 Alocasia putii
- Arisaema amurense 刺柄南星 Arisaema biradiatifolium
- Arisaema kawashimae 鄂西南星
- Arisaema silvestrii Seriz. Pamp.
- Arisaema cretacea 基隆南星 Arisaema sinii
- K.Krause Arisaema kelung-insulare
- Lesquereux, 1891
- Hett. & Gusman 相嶺南星
- Arisaema smithii Arisaema kerrii
- Arisaema smitinandii Craib
- Arisaema asperatum 七葉燈台蓮 Arisaema cucullatum
- Arisaema somalense M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema kishidae 東俄洛南星 M.Hotta
- Makino ex Nakai Buchet 美麗南星
- Arisaema speciosum Arisaema bockii
- 會澤南星 Arisaema kishidai
- Arisaema subulatum Makino ex Nakai, 1917 Manudev & Nampy
- Arisaema dahaiense Arisaema sukotaiense
- Gagnep. Maxim.
- 齒葉東北南星 Arisaema amurense var. serratum N.E.Br.
- Engl. H.Li Makino
- 蓬萊天南星
- Arisaema taiwanense 奇異南星 Arisaema kuratae
- Arisaema tamulosum Seriz.
- Alderw. Arisaema decipiens
- Arisaema tashiroi Kitam.
- Arisaema lackneri 騰衝南星 Schott
- Engl. H.Li
- Arisaema bogneri
- 大理南星 Arisaema laminatum
- Arisaema thunbergii Blume Blume
- Arisaema delavayi Arisaema tortuosum
- (Wall.) Schott Arisaema langbiangense 曲序南星
- P.C.Boyce & H.Li Luu, Nguyen-Phi & H.T.Van
- Steud. ex Engl., 1879
- Arisaema tosaense 粗序南星 Arisaema leschenaultii
- Arisaema aequinoctiale
- Arisaema atropurpurea 滄江南星 Arisaema dilatatum
- 麗江南星 Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott
- Arisaema lichiangense
- W.W.Sm. C.E.C.Fisch.
- Arisaema ulugurense Arisaema bonatianum
- Arisaema lidaense
- Arisaema umbrinum J.Murata & S.K.Wu Ridl.
- Arisaema dioscoridis Arisaema undulatifolium
- Nakai Arisaema lihenganum Blume
- Engl. Royle, 1840 J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- 網檐南星
- Arisaema utile Arisaema lihengianum
- Arisaema utile J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Hook.f. ex Schott Arisaema dracontium
- Arisaema vexillatum H.Hara & H.Ohashi
- Arisaema limbatum (L.) Schott
- Nakai & F.Maek. V.D.Nguyen
- Arisaema anatinum Arisaema bottae
- 雲台南星 Arisaema lineare 隱序南星
- Arisaema wardii C.Marquand & Airy Shaw
- Arisaema du-bois-reymondiae 凌雲南星 Arisaema wattii
- Hook.f. Arisaema lingyunense
- Schott H.Li
- Bhone 川中南星 花南星
- Arisaema wilsonii 刺棒南星 Arisaema lobatum
- Arisaema wrayi Engl.
- Arisaema attenuatum 短檐南星 Arisaema echinatum
- Arisaema xuanweiense H.Li
- Arisaema longecaudatum (Wall.) Schott
- Blatt., 1931 Nakai, 1935
- Arisaema yamatense Arisaema brachyspathum
- Arisaema longipedunculatum 山珠南星
- Arisaema yunnanense M.Hotta Buchet
- Arisaema echinoides L.Linden
- Gagnep. Nakai & F.Maek. Brugg.
- E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch. H.Li
- Z.X.Ma H.Li
- Arisaema lushuiense G.W.Hu & H.Li
- 短柄南星 Arisaema ehimense
- Arisaema macrospathum J.Murata & J.Ohno Benth.
- 長耳南星 Arisaema brevipes
- 象南星 Arisaema madhuanum Nampy & Manudev
- Arisaema elephas Arisaema maekawae
- Buchet J.Murata & S.Kakish.
- Arisaema mairei
- 狹葉南星 Arisaema auriculatum 短苞南星
- Arisaema enneaphyllum 線花天南星 Arisaema matsudae
- Hochst. ex A.Rich. 線花南星
- Arisaema brevispathum Arisaema matsudai
- Arisaema erubescens
- Arisaema mattewanense Buchet
- (Wall.) Schott Hollick, 1897
- 圈藥南星 Arisaema maximowiczii (Engl.) Nakai
- Arisaema exappendiculatum
- Arisaema maxwellii H.Hara Hett. & Gusman
- Arisaema angustatum 滇南星
- Arisaema brinchangense 螃蟹七 Arisaema mayebarae
- Nakai Arisaema fargesii
- Arisaema melanostoma Y.W.Low, Scherber. & Gusman[9] Buchet
- Z.X.Ma, X.Yun Wang & W.Y.Du 褐斑南星
- Arisaema meleagris Buchet
- 具齒褐斑南星 Arisaema meleagris var. sinuatum Arisaema austroyunnanense
- Arisaema filiforme
- Arisaema menglaense (Reinw.) Blume Y.H.Ji, H.Li & Z.F.Xu
- Arisaema brucei
- Arisaema microspadix Engl. Arisaema fimbriatum
- Franch. & Sav. H.Li
- H.Li, R.Li & J.Murata Mast. Engl.
- Arisaema minamitanii
- Seriz. Arisaema fischeri
- Arisaema minus Manudev & Nampy
- (Seriz.) J.Murata
- Arisaema burmaense 黃苞南星 Arisaema monophyllum
- Nakai Arisaema flavum
- Arisaema mooneyanum P.C.Boyce & H.Li (Forssk.) Schott
- M.G.Gilbert & Mayo 台灣天南星
- Arisaema multicarinatum Arisaema agasthyanum
- Arisaema averyanovii 紅根南星
- Arisaema formosanum 多裂南星 Arisaema multisectum
- (Hayata) Hayata
- Arisaema calcareum 象頭花 Arisaema muratae
- Gusman & J.T.Yin Arisaema franchetianum
- Arisaema muricaudatum V.D.Nguyen & P.C.Boyce H.Li
- Engl. Sivad.
- Arisaema murrayi (J.Graham) Hook.
- 白苞南星 Arisaema fraternum
- Arisaema nagiense 樟瑯鄉南星 Arisaema zhui
- Schott Tom.Kobay., K.Sasam. & J.Murata
- Arisaema zanlanscianense Arisaema anomalum
- Arisaema candidissimum
- Arisaema nambae (Nakai) Nakai Arisaema yakusimense
- Kitam. Hemsl.
- Arisaema galeaeforme 南潭南星 Engl.
- 短柄川中南星 Arisaema wilsonii var. forrestii
- Arisaema wightinum Arisaema nangtciangense
- M.T.An, H.H.Zhang & Q.Lin W.W.Sm. Seriz.
- Pamp. Arisaema wangmoense Arisaema victoriae
- 南仁山天南星 Hook.f. ex Engl.
- Arisaema undulatum Arisaema nanjenense
- 洱海南星 M.G.Gilbert & Mayo
- Arisaema balansae
- Arisaema galeatum 南漳南星 Arisaema tuberculatum
- C.E.C.Fisch. Arisaema nantciangense
- Arisaema translucens Makino N.E.Br.
- Arisaema tortuosum 曲序南星
- Makino Arisaema ternatipartitum
- Arisaema caudatum Arisaema negishii
- Arisaema tengtsungense J.Murata
- Makino Arisaema taihokense 台北南星
- Arisaema garrettii 豬籠南星
- (Wall.) Mart. Sivad. & C.S.Kumar Hemsl.
- Engl. Engl. Gagnep.
- (Wall.) Mart. Arisaema souliei
- S.Y.Hu
- Arisaema sizemoreae Arisaema nikoense
- 瑤山南星 Franch. & Sav.
- 燈台蓮 Arisaema sikokianum var. serratum Arisaema sikokianum
- Nakai 全緣燈台蓮
- Arisaema ghaticum Arisaema sikkimense
- A.S.Rao & D.M.Verma Arisaema nilamburense
- Arisaema serratum 細齒南星 (Sardesai, S.P.Gaikwad & S.R.Yadav) Punekar & Kumaran
- Sivad. Schott
- Arisaema sazensoo
- Arisaema chauvanminhii 毛筆天南星 Arisaema nonghinense
- 岩生南星 E.Barnes & C.E.C.Fisch. P.S.N.Rao & S.K.Srivast.
- Klinrat. & Yannawat Arisaema sachalinense
- Arisaema grapsospadix 溪南山南星 Kunth
- Arisaema roxburghii Arisaema rostratum Arisaema oblanceolatum
- 申跋 Luu, Q.D.Nguyen & N.L.Vu Hayata
- 綏陽雪裏見 Arisaema rhizomatum var. nudum Arisaema ramulosum
- (Nutt.) Schott
- 翼檐南星 Arisaema odoratum
- E.Barnes Arisaema pseudoangustatum 藏南星
- Arisaema bannaense
- Arisaema griffithii Hook.f.
- (Blanco) Merr. Arisaema pingbianense Arisaema ogatae
- Hook.f. Schott
- Koidz. Arisaema petiolulatum Arisaema petelotii
- 畫筆南星 J.Mathew
- Arisaema chenii Arisaema omkoiense
- Arisaema pattaniense 小南星
- Gusman H.Li Arisaema pallidum
- Arisaema guangxiense 驢耳南星
- Nakai Murata Arisaema onoticum
- H.Li Z.X.Ma & Yi Jun Huang G.W.Hu & H.Li
- 線葉南星 H.Lév.
- J.Murata & S.K.Wu
- Arisaema nepenthoides Arisaema ornatum
- Wall. ex Royle Arisaema mildbraedii
- Miq. Arisaema longitubum
- Arisaema guttatum Blume
- Arisaema kiushianum Arisaema ovale
- Arisaema inaense 天南星 Wall.
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Arisaema Mart.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2019-09-07]. （原始內容存檔於2020-10-28）.
- ^ Barriault, I.; Barabé, D.; Cloutier, L.; Gibernau, M. Pollination ecology and reproductive success in Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) in Québec (Canada): Pollination of Arisaema triphyllum. Plant Biology. 2010-01, 12 (1): 161–171. doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.2009.00192.x.
- ^ Ohi-Toma, Tetsuo; Wu, Sugong; Murata, Hiroko; Murata, Jin. An updated genus-wide phylogenetic analysis of Arisaema (Araceae) with reference to sections. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2016-09, 182 (1): 100–114. doi:10.1111/boj.12459.
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中國數字植物標本館. [2012-08-02]. （原始內容存檔於2012-04-11）.
- ^ Li Hen. HIMALAYAS--HENGDUAN MOUNTAINS--THE CENTRE OF DISTRIBUTI0N AND DIFFERENTIATION 0F THE GENUS ARISAEMA --T0 DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS AB0UT THE ORIGIN AND MIGRATI0N OF THIS GENUS. Plant Diversity. 1980, (4): 1–3 [2024-09-18]. （原始內容存檔於2024-09-18）.
- ^ Liu, Dexin; Wang, Qingfeng; Yang, Chunfeng. Flower diversity and pollination strategy in Araceae. Biodiversity Science. 2022, 30 (3): 21426. doi:10.17520/biods.2021426.
- ^ Shu, Weijie; He, Hua; Zeng, Luo; Gu, Zhirong; Tan, Dunyan; Yang, Xiaochen. Spatial distribution and sexual dimorphism of dioecious <i>Arisaema erubescens</i>. Biodiversity Science. 2024, 32 (6): 24084. doi:10.17520/biods.2024084.
- ^ Doust, Jon Lovett; Cavers, Paul B. Sex and Gender Dynamics in Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Arisaema Triphyllum (Araceae). Ecology. 1982-06, 63 (3): 797–808. doi:10.2307/1936800.
- ^ Low, Yee Wen; Scherberich, David; Gusman, Guy. Arisaema brinchangense Y.W. Low, Scherberich & Gusman (Araceae), a New Threatened Species Endemic to the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia). Candollea. 2016-06-01, 71 (1): 83. doi:10.15553/c2016v711a10.