床蟲
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| 床蝨File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Bed bug, Cimex lectularius.jpg | |
| 溫帶臭蟲 | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
| 科： | 臭虫科 Cimicidae |
| 属： | 臭虫属 Cimex |
| 物种 | |
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床蟲（Bed bugs），又稱床蝨，是臭蟲屬（學名：Cimex）物種的通稱，是寄生性的昆蟲，吸取動物的血液為其唯一的覓食方式。溫帶臭蟲是本屬中最為人所知的物種，吸食人類的血液為生，其他物種則會吸食其他動物的血液，各物種常以某一類動物為主要宿主，例如Cimex adjunctus主要寄生於蝙蝠。床蟲常出現於溫暖的住家中，特別是床上與其他用以睡眠的區域，其族群建立後就很難清除[1]。它們多在夜間活躍，但不完全是夜行性，其吸血時通常不會被人發覺[1][2]。床蟲的叮咬常會造成起疹、過敏、失眠與精神困擾為主[3]，但不會傳播嚴重的傳染病。人類對於床蟲的認識已有千年之久[1]，1940年代早期，床蟲幾乎在已開發國家中被撲滅，但1995年起又再次大量增加，近年來呈增加趨勢[4]，可能是因對殺蟲劑產生抗藥性、部分殺蟲劑被各國禁用、以及跨國旅行日益普遍所致[5][6]。
下属物种[编辑]
本属包括以下物种：
- Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 Cimex antillarum
- Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex brevis
- Usinger, 1966 Cimex carinatus
- Usinger, 1966 Cimex claviger
- Jenyns, 1839 Cimex dentatus
- Herrich-Schäffer, 1840 (Horváth, 1910)
- Cimex erythrozonias Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex fullo Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex hemipterus Bhat, 1974
- Cimex humeralis Houttuyn
- Cimex insuetus Usinger, 1966 Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex montandoni (Horváth, 1910)
- Cimex purpureipenni Horváth, 1935
- Cimex uniguttatus (Horváth, 1912)
- Cimex 2-maculatus
- (Péricart, 1972) Cimex papillosus
- De Geer, 1773 Cimex serratus
- Linnæus, 1758 Cimex vagans
- Cimex emarginatus Gmelin
- Cimex 2-punctatus Cimex flavifusca Thunberg, 1783
- Linnæus, 1758 (Fabricius, 1803)
- Cimex histrio
- Cimex incrassatus Ueshima, 1968
- Cimex 4-pustulatus Cimex lineola Fabricius, 1775
- Drury, 1773
- Cimex 4-spinosus Cimex stockerus Linnaeus, 1758
- Fabricius, 1787 Cimex 6-punctatus
- Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex acantharis
- Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex adjunctus
- Barber, 1939 Cimex aeneus
- Scopoli, 1763 Cimex aequinoctialis
- Scopoli, 1763 Cimex angkorae
- Klein, 1969 Cimex antennatus
- Kirkaldy, 1909 Cimex arabs
- Usinger & Ueshima, 1965 Cimex burmanus
- Forster, 1771 Cimex cavernicola
- Herbst, 1784 Cimex columbarius
- Fabricius, 1775 Cimex deplanus
- Cimex divisus Simov, Ivanova & Schunger, 2006
- Cimex flavicinctus Wendt, 1939
- Cimex gastricus Fabricius, 1787
- Cimex hirundinis Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex incarnatus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- Cimex latipennis
- Linnaeus, 1763 Cimex peregrinator
- Villers, 1789 Cimex serratus
- [[Bhat, Sreenivasan & Ilkal, 1973[7]]] Cimex variolosus Usinger & Ueshima, 1965
- Cimex lunifrontis Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex pulveratus Ueshima, 1968
- Cimex tristis Linnaeus, 1758
- Cimex vicarius Donovan
- Lichtenstein, 1796 Cimex usingeri
- Cimex dissimilis Herrich-Schäffer, 1840
- Cimex filiformis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839
- Cimex fylvestris Thunberg, 1822 热帶床蝨
- Cimex himalayanus Lamarck, 1816
- Cimex humeratus Drury, 1773
- Cimex japonicus 溫帶床蝨 Cooper, 1870
- Cimex nubilis Hornok, 2018
- Cimex rostratus Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex v-luteum
- Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex stadleri
- Linnæus, 1758 de Geer, 1773 Cimex quadripunctatus
- Jenyns, 1839 Cimex pipistrelli
- Cimex pilosellus Fabricius, 1775
- Cimex nobilis
- Linnaeus, 1758 Cimex lectularius
- Thunberg, 1783 Cimex hamatus
參見[编辑]
文獻[编辑]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Goddard, Jerome; deShazo, Richard. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites. JAMA. 2009, 301 (13): 1358–1366 [2025-01-31]. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 19336711. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.405. （原始内容存档于2010-09-18）.
Pest control and eradication is challenging due to insecticide resistance, lack of effective products, and health concerns about spraying mattresses with pesticides.
- ↑ Reinhardt, Klaus; Siva-Jothy, Michael T. Biology of the Bed Bugs (Cimicidae). Annual Review of Entomology. 2007-01-01, 52 (1): 351-374 [2025-01-31]. ISSN 0066-4170. PMID 16968204. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913. （原始内容存档于2025-03-08） （English）.
- ↑ Doggett, Stephen L.; Russell, Richard. Bed bugs - What the GP needs to know. Australian Family Physician. 2009-11, 38 (11): 880-884 [2025-01-31]. ISSN 0300-8495. PMID 19893834. （原始内容存档于2025-03-02）.
- ↑ Kolb, Adam; Needham, Glen R.; Neyman, Kimberly M.; High, Whitney A. Bedbugs. Dermatologic Therapy. 2009, 22 (4): 347–52 [2018-09-14]. PMID 19580578. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01246.x. （原始内容存档于2017-10-05）.
- ↑ Kilpenen, O.; Vagn Jensen, K-M.; Kristensen, M. Bed Bug Problems in Denmark, with a European Perspective (PDF): 395–399. [27 May 2010]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于11 November 2011）.
- ↑ Robinson, WH; Bajomi, D. (eds). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests. Hungary: OOK-Press Kft. 2008.
- ↑ Bhat, H.R.; Sreenivasan, M.A.; Ilkal, M.A. Cimex usingeri , sp. nov. (hemiptera: cimicidae) from a colony of rhinolophus rouxi temminck, 1835 (chiroptera: rhinolophidae) in India. Oriental Insects. 1973-01, 7 (1): 79-82. ISSN 0030-5316. doi:10.1080/00305316.1973.10434206 （English）.