陆龟属
（重定向自Testudo）
| 陆龟属File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Testudo x4.jpg | |
| 从左顺时针： Testudo graeca ibera Testudo hermanni boettgeri Testudo hermanni hermanni Testudo marginata sarda. | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 爬行纲 Reptilia |
| 目： | 龟鳖目 Testudines |
| 亚目： | 曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira |
| 科： | 陆龟科 Testudinidae |
| 属： | 陆龟属 Testudo Linnaeus, 1758 |
| 模式种 | |
| Testudo graeca Linnaeus, 1758
| |
| File:Testudo tortoises - distribution map.png | |
| 异名 | |
陆龟属（Testudo）是陆龟科的一个属，其下生物分布于北非、西亚和欧洲等地中海附近地区。除去缘翘陆龟外，所有现存种都因栖息地丧失而处于易危甚至濒危状态。陆龟属的龟体型都不大。
分类[编辑]
陆龟属的分类一直存在巨大争议，其下的种也改变过很多次，大量命名甚至已经无效，因此通过学名进行文献检索时非常困难。[2]
基因序列研究对陆龟科分类学的帮助很有限。mtDNA研究显示，陆龟属的生物进化非常缓慢[3]。古生物地理学家发现一千多万年来，其线粒体12S rRNA基因的进化速度是每一百万年1.0-1.6% [4]，而ntDNA进化速度在很多种（甚至是赫曼陆龟的亚种）之间差异极大[5]。
本属包括以下物种：
- Khosatzky, 1948 Testudo changshanensis
- Yeh, 1963 Testudo coriacea
- (Leidy, 1889) Testudo craverii
- Bergounioux, 1935 Testudo despotti
- (Collins & Lynn, 1936) Testudo eocaenica
- Pictet & Humbert, 1856 Gervais, 1848
- Testudo gracea Linnaeus, 1758
- Testudo hermanni Cope, 1893
- Testudo horsfieldii Dollo, 1909
- Testudo (Chersine) kalksburgensis Gmira, 1993
- Testudo larteti Perez-Garcia et al., 2022 Hooijer, 1948
- Testudo nanus Abbazzi et al., 2008
- Testudo pusilla Lydekker, 1889
- Testudo tarakliensis (Milstead, 1956)
- Testudo amberiacensis
- (Gilmore, 1931) Testudo osborniana
- Linnaeus, 1758 Testudo shensiensis
- Deperet, 1894 Testudo turgida 云南陆龟
- Testudo globosa
- [[[1]]] Testudo amiatae Testudo hercegovinensis
- [[Gmelin, 1789[1]]] Pantanelli, 1893
- [[Gray, 1844[1]]] Testudo kaiseni
- 埃及陆龟 Testudo lamanonii
- Pictet, 1853 Testudo angusticeps Testudo marginata
- (Matthew, 1924) (Hay, 1904)
- Testudo antiqua Testudo sphaerica
- Bronn, 1831 (Cope, 1892)
- Testudo atlas Falconer & Cautley, 1844
- Testudo boettgeri Mojsisovics, 1889
- Testudo bosporica Riabinin, 1946
- Testudo brevitesta Vlachos & Tsoukala, 2015，已灭绝[6]
- Testudo brontops (Marsh, 1890)
- Testudo cautleyi Lydekker, 1889
- Testudo cernovi Wei et al., 1975
- Testudo chienfutungensis Linnaeus, 1766
- Testudo crassiscutata Portis, 1879
- Testudo denizoti Szalai, 1937
- Testudo ducateli Hummel, 1935
- Testudo escheri Testudo gilbertii
- Portis, 1890 Testudo hellenica
- Werner, 1899 Testudo hipparionum
- Wiman, 1930 Testudo hypercostata
- Gilmore, 1931 Testudo kleinmanni
- Gray, 1831 Testudo lunanensis
- Gray, 1831 Testudo oughlamensis
- Wiman, 1930 Testudo shilouensis
- Fermin, 1765 Testudo ulanensis
- (Yeh, 1963) Testudo yunnanensis (Yeh, 1963)
- Testudo marmorum Gmira et al., 2013
- Testudo promarginata Hsu et al., 1973
- Testudo steinheimensis Gilmore, 1931
- Testudo wilsoni Riabinin, 1918
- Yeh, 1963 Testudo terrestris
- Testudo eurysternum (Hay, 1899) 希腊陆龟
- Testudo graeca Garcia et al., 2020 赫曼陆龟
- Testudo hexagonata Wiman, 1930 四爪陆龟
- Testudo houzei Wiman, 1930
- Testudo kenitrensis Lortet, 1883[1]
- Testudo lohanica Gaudry, 1862
- Testudo orthopygia Reinach, 1900
- Testudo sharanensis Staesche, 1931
- Testudo tunhuanensis 威尔逊陆龟
- Wiman, 1930 Testudo sloanei
- Wiman, 1930 (Yeh, 1965) Testudo shansiensis
- (Rage, 1988) Testudo phosphoritarum
- Testudo pecorinii (Cope, 1878)
- Testudo neraudii
- [[Schoepff, 1792[1]]] Testudo margae
- Toula, 1896 Testudo honanensis
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Rhodin, Anders G.J.; Inverson, John B.; Roger, Bour; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; van Dijk, Peter Paul. Turtles of the world, 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status(8th Ed.) (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. August 3, 2017, 7 [October 4, 2019]. ISBN 978-1-5323-5026-9. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-02-25）.
- ^ Highfield, A.C. & Martin, J. (1989): A revision of the Testudines of North Africa, Asia, and Europe. Genus: Testudo. Journal of Chelonian Herpetology 1(1): 1–12.
- ^ Mitochondrial DNA evolution at a turtle's pace: Evidence for low genetic variability and reduced microevolutionary rate in the Testudines. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 1992. PMID 1584014. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040735.
- ^ Van Der Kuyl, Antoinette C.; Ph. Ballasina, Donato L.; Dekker, John T.; Maas, Jolanda; Willemsen, Ronald E.; Goudsmit, Jaap. Phylogenetic Relationships among the Species of the Genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2002, 22 (2): 174–183. PMID 11820839. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1052.
- ^ Fritz, Uwe; Auer, Markus; Bertolero, Albert; Cheylan, Marc; Fattizzo, Tiziano; Hundsdorfer, Anna K.; Martin Sampayo, Marcos; Pretus, Joan L.; Široky, Pavel; Wink, Michael. A rangewide phylogeography of Hermann's tortoise, Testudo hermanni (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae): Implications for taxonomy. Zoologica Scripta. 2006, 35 (5): 531–543. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00242.x.
- ^ Vlachos, Evangelos; Tsoukala, Evangelia. The diverse fossil chelonians from Milia (Late Pliocene, Grevena, Greece) with a new species of Testudo Linnaeus, 1758 (Testudines: Testudinidae). Papers in Palaeontology. 2016, 2: 71–86. doi:10.1002/spp2.1031.
- James F. Parham; J. Robert Macey; Theodore J. Papenfuss; Chris R. Feldman; Oguz Türkozan; Rosa Polymeni; JeVrey Boore. The phylogeny of Mediterranean tortoises and their close relatives based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences from museum specimens (PDF). 2005 [2020-05-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-10-23）.
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