天空实验室
（重定向自Skylab）
此条目需要扩充。 (2016年9月17日) |
此条目需要精通或熟悉相关主题的编者参与及协助编辑。 (2016年9月17日) |
| File:Skylab (SL-4).jpg 最后一批离开的宇航员拍摄的天空实验室照片 | |
| File:Skylab Program Patch.png | |
| 空间站信息 | |
|---|---|
| SATCAT no. | Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) |
| 呼号 | 天空实验室 |
| 成员数量 | 9位（每次3位） |
| 发射日期 | 1973年5月14日 17:30:00 UTC |
| 发射台 | 佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心 LC 39A |
| 再入大气 | 1979年7月11日 16:37:00 UTC 澳大利亚珀斯附近 |
| 质量 | 168,750磅（76,540千克）[1] 不包含阿波罗飞船 |
| 长度 | 82.4英尺（25.1米） 不包括阿波罗飞船 |
| 宽度 | 55.8英尺（17.0米） 含一个太阳能板 |
| 高度 | 36.3英尺（11.1米） 含望远镜支架 |
| 直径 | 21.67英尺（6.6米） |
| 加压体积 | 351.6立方米 |
| 大气压力 | 5.0磅力每平方英寸（34千帕斯卡） 氧气74%, 氮气26%[2] |
| 远地点 | 441.9千米 |
| 近地点 | 430.0千米 |
| 轨道倾角 | 50° |
| 轨道周期 | 93.4分钟 |
| 在轨天数 | 约6.16年（2248天23小时又7分） |
| 有人天数 | 171日 |
| 轨道数目 | 34981圈 |
| 运行距离 | 约1,400,000,000千米 |
| 配置图 | |
| File:Skylab illustration.jpg 原定的天空实验室配置 | |
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天空实验室（Skylab）是美国国家航空航天局于1973年至1979年进行的首次美国空间站计划。1973年到1974年间，曾有三批宇航员到空间站内进行实验，分别为天空实验室2号，天空实验室3号和天空实验室4号任务。主要任务包括使用在轨工作间进行数百项在轨实验，以及进行对日观测和对地观测。天空实验室原本计划在美国航天飞机服役后继续使用，但由于太阳活动影响提前退役，最终于1979年7月11日在大气层解体，未燃烧殆尽的碎片落入印度洋和西澳大利亚州，成为史上最大的坠落残骸。
天空实验室是唯一一个由美国独立运作的空间站。虽然之后美国再计划于1988年开始建造一个永久空间站，但因为经费缩减而转为与多国共建国际空间站。
概述[编辑]
天空实验室在空间站计划中击败了军方背景的载人轨道实验室，并利用了阿波罗计划的遗产，包括土星5号运载火箭、土星IB运载火箭和阿波罗飞船。天空实验室自重约76.5吨，与负责宇航员天地往返的阿波罗飞船对接时的总质量达90.6吨。空间站主要包括一个由土星五号第三级S-IVB改造的、被称作“在轨工作间”（orbital workshop）的加压舱段，阿波罗望远镜支架太阳观测站，以及数百个生命科学和物理科学实验材料。
组件[编辑]
天空实验室由阿波罗望远镜支架（多光谱太阳观测站）、在轨工作间（orbital workshop）、多接口节点舱、气闸舱模块、土星五号仪表单元等组成。
在轨工作间作为核心舱是航天员主要活动空间，其后方还包括一个大型废物箱、用于轨道修正的推进剂罐和一个散热器。
| 组件 | 质量[3][4][5] | 居住空间 | 长度 | 直径 | 图片 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lb | kg | ft3 | m3 | ft | m | ft | m | ||
| 整流罩 | 25,600 | 11,600 | 不适用 | 56.0 | 17.1 | 21.6 | 6.6 | ||
| 阿波罗望远镜支架 | 24,500 | 11,100 | 不适用 | 14.7 | 4.5 | 11.3 | 3.4 | ||
| 多接口节点舱 | 12,000 | 5,400 | 1,140 | 32 | 17.3 | 5.3 | 10.5 | 3.2 | |
| 气闸舱 | 49,000 | 22,000 | 613 | 17.4 | 17.6 | 5.4 | 10.5 | 3.2 | |
| 土星5号仪器单元 | 4,600 | 2,100 | 不适用 | 3.0 | 0.91 | 21.6 | 6.6 | ||
| 在轨工作间 | 78,000 | 35,000[5] | 9,550 | 270[5] | 48.1 | 14.7 | 21.6 | 6.6 | |
| 在轨质量 | 168,750 | 76,540 | 12,417 | 351.6 | 82.4 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 6.6 | |
| 阿波罗飞船 | 31,000 | 14,000 | 210 | 5.9 | 36.1 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 3.9 | |
| 总质量（含阿波罗飞船） | 199,750 | 90,610[5] | 12,627 | 357.6 | 118.5 | 36.1 | 21.6 | 6.6 | |
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空间站再入及碎片[编辑]
在重返地球前一周，美国宇航局NASA预测，它将在7月10号至14号之间再入，而12号是最有可能的日期，皇家航空研究院（RAE）则预测为14号。
在临近再入前的几个小时，地面控制中心调整了天空实验室的方向，以尽量降低再入至人口稠密地区的风险。他们计划于南非开普敦东偏南1,300公里的地方（印度洋中南部），并于协调世界时1979年7月11日16:37左右开始再入。然而该站并没有像NASA预期的那样快燃烧殆尽。 由于计算误差4%，碎片落在西澳大利亚州珀斯以东约480公里处，在西澳大利亚州埃斯佩兰斯和罗林纳之间发现，从南纬31°至34度和东经122°至126°，在西澳大利亚州巴拉多尼亚周围半径约130-150公里。 有居民和一名航空公司飞行员看到数十枚五颜六色的碎片在大气中燃烧，最终仍有部分碎片落在人烟稀少的地区。
斯坦·桑顿在埃斯佩兰斯的家中发现了24块碎片，一名费城商人将他及他的父母和女友送到旧金山，在那里他从这位商人那里领取了考官奖和1000美元。1979年环球小姐选美比赛定于1979年7月20日在珀斯举行，舞台上展示了一大块天空实验室碎片。对碎片的分析表明，该站已经在离地球16公里处解体，高度远远低于预期。
而因为有碎片落在西南澳洲埃斯佩兰斯镇附近，当地护林员向NASA开罚了400澳元的“乱抛垃圾”罚款单，三个月后被当地议员取消[6][7]。但在2009年，美国广播电台Highway Radio的Scott Barley从早间节目听众那募资了资金，代NASA缴纳了这个已被取消罚款。[8]
天空实验室再入后，美国宇航局专注于可重复使用的天空实验室模块，这是一个可以与航天飞机一起部署并返回地球的短期实验室。美国下一个主要空间站专案是自由号空间站，该空间站于1993年并入国际空间站项目，并始于1998年开始。另一个专案是航天飞机-和平号计划，在20世纪90年代，美国资助了Spektr、Priroda和Mir对接模块。
任务列表[编辑]
| 任务 | 臂章 | 指挥官 | 驾驶员 | 科学驾驶员 | 发射日期 | 着陆日期 | 持续时间(日) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天空实验室1号 SL-1 | File:Skylab Patch.png | 未载人发射 | 1973年5月14日 17:30:00 UTC |
1979年7月11日 16:37:00 UTC |
2248.96 | ||
| 天空实验室2号 SL-2 (SLM-1) |
File:Skylab1-Patch.png | 皮特·康拉德 | 保罗·维兹 | 约瑟夫·科文 | 1973年5月25日 13:00:00 UTC |
1973年6月22日 13:49:48 UTC |
28.03 |
| 天空实验室3号 SL-3 (SLM-2) |
File:Skylab2-Patch.png | 艾伦·宾 | 杰克·洛斯马 | 欧文·加里欧特 | 1973年7月28日 11:10:50 UTC |
1973年9月25日 22:19:51 UTC |
59.46 |
| 天空实验室4号 SL-4 (SLM-3) |
File:Skylab3-Patch.png | 杰拉德·卡尔 | 威廉·波格 | 爱德华·吉布森 | 1973年11月16日 14:01:23 UTC |
1974年2月8日 15:16:53 UTC |
84.04 |
| 天空实验室5号 | 不适用 | 文斯·布兰德 | 唐·林德 | 威廉·勒诺 | 原订1974年4月，已取消 | 不适用 | 20（已取消） |
| 天空实验室救援 | 不适用 | 文斯·布兰德 | 唐·林德 | 不适用 | （待命） | 不适用 | |
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barset:break at:end mark:(line,white) text:"}" fontsize:25 shift:(3,-23) barset:break at:end mark:(line,white) text:" 联盟系列" shift:(3,-18)
color:USA barset:USA1 # Mercury, Skylab, Columbia, SpaceX Dragon at:05/05/1961 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:21/07/1961 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:20/02/1962 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:24/05/1962 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:30/10/1962 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:15/05/1963 mark:(line,USA) text:" " barset:break at:15/06/1963 mark:(line,white) text:"水星计划" barset:break
from:25/05/1973 till:22/06/1973 color:USA text:" " barset:break from:28/07/1973 till:25/09/1973 color:USA text:" " barset:break from:16/11/1973 till:08/02/1974 color:USA text:" " barset:break at:08/03/1974 text:"天空实验室" barset:break from:12/04/1981 till:14/04/1981 text:" " barset:break from:12/11/1981 till:14/11/1981 text:" " barset:break from:22/03/1982 till:30/03/1982 text:" " barset:break from:27/06/1982 till:04/07/1982 text:" " barset:break from:11/11/1982 till:16/11/1982 text:" " barset:break from:28/11/1983 till:08/12/1983 text:" " barset:break from:12/01/1986 till:18/01/1986 text:" " barset:break from:08/08/1989 till:13/08/1989 text:" " barset:break from:09/01/1990 till:19/01/1990 text:" " barset:break from:02/12/1990 till:10/12/1990 text:" " barset:break from:05/06/1991 till:14/06/1991 text:" " barset:break from:25/06/1992 till:08/07/1992 text:" " barset:break from:22/10/1992 till:31/10/1992 text:" " barset:break from:26/04/1993 till:05/05/1993 text:" " barset:break from:18/10/1993 till:01/11/1993 text:" " barset:break from:04/03/1994 till:17/03/1994 text:" " barset:break from:08/07/1994 till:22/07/1994 text:" " barset:break from:20/10/1995 till:04/11/1995 text:" " barset:break from:22/02/1996 till:08/03/1996 text:" " barset:break from:20/06/1996 till:06/07/1996 text:" " barset:break from:19/11/1996 till:06/12/1996 text:" " barset:break from:04/04/1997 till:07/04/1997 text:" " barset:break from:01/07/1997 till:16/07/1997 text:" " barset:break from:19/11/1997 till:04/12/1997 text:" " barset:break from:17/04/1998 till:02/05/1998 text:" " barset:break from:23/07/1999 till:27/07/1999 text:" " barset:break from:01/03/2002 till:11/03/2002 text:" " barset:break from:16/01/2003 till:31/01/2003 text:" " barset:break at:03/03/2003 text:"哥倫比亞號" barset:break
from:30/05/2020 till:02/08/2020 text:" " barset:break from:23/04/2021 till:09/11/2021 text:" " barset:break from:08/04/2022 till:25/04/2022 text:" " barset:break from:02/03/2023 till:04/09/2023 text:" " barset:break from:04/03/2024 till:25/10/2024 text:" " barset:break
at:end text:"奋进号龙飞船" barset:break
barset:USA2 # Gemini, Enterprise, Challenger, Endeavor, Boeing CTS from:08/04/1964 till:12/04/1964 text:" " barset:break from:19/01/1965 till:19/01/1965 text:" " barset:break from:23/03/1965 till:23/03/1965 text:" " barset:break from:03/06/1965 till:07/06/1965 text:" " barset:break from:21/08/1965 till:29/08/1965 text:" " barset:break from:04/12/1965 till:18/12/1965 text:" " barset:break from:15/12/1965 till:16/12/1965 text:" " barset:break from:16/03/1966 till:17/03/1966 text:" " barset:break from:03/06/1966 till:06/06/1966 text:" " barset:break from:18/07/1966 till:21/07/1966 text:" " barset:break from:12/09/1966 till:15/09/1966 text:" " barset:break from:11/11/1966 till:15/11/1966 text:" " barset:break barset:break at:15/12/1966 mark:(line,white) text:"双子座"
#from:12/08/1977 till:12/08/1977 text:" " barset:break #from:13/09/1977 till:13/09/1977 text:" " barset:break #from:23/09/1977 till:23/09/1977 text:" " barset:break #from:12/10/1977 till:12/10/1977 text:" " barset:break #from:26/10/1977 till:26/10/1977 text:" " barset:break #barset:break at:26/11/1977 mark:(line,white) text: the enterprise never flew in space
from:04/04/1983 till:09/04/1983 text:" " barset:break from:18/06/1983 till:24/06/1983 text:" " barset:break from:30/08/1983 till:05/09/1983 text:" " barset:break from:03/02/1984 till:10/02/1984 text:" " barset:break from:06/04/1984 till:12/04/1984 text:" " barset:break from:05/10/1984 till:13/10/1984 text:" " barset:break from:29/04/1985 till:06/05/1985 text:" " barset:break from:29/07/1985 till:05/08/1985 text:" " barset:break from:30/10/1985 till:06/11/1985 text:" " barset:break from:28/01/1986 till:28/01/1986 text:" " barset:break barset:break at:28/02/1986 mark:(line,white) text:"挑戰者號"
from:15/11/2020 till:02/05/2021 text:" " barset:break from:16/09/2021 till:18/09/2021 text:" " barset:break from:10/09/2024 till:15/09/2024 text:" " barset:break from:01/04/2025 till:04/04/2025 text:" " barset:break at:end text:"坚韧号龙飞船" barset:break
barset:USA3 # Apollo, Discovery, SpaceX Crew Dragon Endurance #from:26/02/1966 till:26/02/1966 text:" " barset:break #from:06/07/1966 till:06/07/1966 text:" " barset:break #from:23/08/1966 till:23/08/1966 text:" " barset:break #from:21/02/1967 till:07/03/1967 text:" " barset:break #from:09/11/1967 till:09/11/1967 text:" " barset:break #from:22/01/1968 till:23/01/1968 text:" " barset:break #from:04/04/1968 till:04/04/1968 text:" " barset:break these first missions were unmanned from:11/10/1968 till:22/11/1968 text:" " barset:break from:21/12/1968 till:27/12/1968 text:" " barset:break from:03/03/1969 till:13/03/1969 text:" " barset:break from:18/05/1969 till:26/05/1969 text:" " barset:break from:16/07/1969 till:20/07/1969 text:" " barset:break from:14/11/1969 till:24/11/1969 text:" " barset:break from:11/04/1970 till:17/04/1970 text:" " barset:break from:31/01/1971 till:09/02/1971 text:" " barset:break from:26/07/1971 till:07/08/1971 text:" " barset:break from:16/04/1972 till:27/04/1972 text:" " barset:break from:07/12/1972 till:19/12/1972 text:" " barset:break from:15/07/1975 till:24/07/1975 text:" " barset:break barset:break at:24/08/1975 mark:(line,white) text:"阿波罗"
from:30/08/1984 till:05/09/1984 text:" " barset:break from:08/11/1984 till:15/11/1984 text:" " barset:break from:24/01/1985 till:27/01/1985 text:" " barset:break from:12/04/1985 till:18/04/1985 text:" " barset:break from:17/06/1985 till:24/06/1985 text:" " barset:break from:27/08/1985 till:03/09/1985 text:" " barset:break from:29/09/1988 till:03/10/1988 text:" " barset:break from:13/03/1989 till:17/03/1989 text:" " barset:break from:22/11/1989 till:27/11/1989 text:" " barset:break from:24/04/1990 till:29/04/1990 text:" " barset:break from:06/10/1990 till:10/10/1990 text:" " barset:break from:28/04/1991 till:06/05/1991 text:" " barset:break from:12/09/1991 till:17/09/1991 text:" " barset:break from:22/01/1992 till:30/01/1992 text:" " barset:break from:02/12/1992 till:09/12/1992 text:" " barset:break from:08/04/1993 till:17/04/1993 text:" " barset:break from:12/09/1993 till:21/09/1993 text:" " barset:break from:03/02/1994 till:10/02/1994 text:" " barset:break from:09/09/1994 till:19/09/1994 text:" " barset:break from:03/02/1995 till:11/02/1995 text:" " barset:break from:13/07/1995 till:21/07/1995 text:" " barset:break from:11/02/1997 till:20/02/1997 text:" " barset:break from:07/08/1997 till:18/08/1997 text:" " barset:break from:02/06/1998 till:11/06/1998 text:" " barset:break from:29/10/1998 till:06/11/1998 text:" " barset:break from:27/05/1999 till:05/06/1999 text:" " barset:break from:19/12/1999 till:26/12/1999 text:" " barset:break from:11/10/2000 till:23/10/2000 text:" " barset:break from:08/03/2001 till:20/03/2001 text:" " barset:break from:10/08/2001 till:21/08/2001 text:" " barset:break from:26/07/2005 till:08/08/2005 text:" " barset:break from:04/07/2006 till:16/07/2006 text:" " barset:break from:09/12/2006 till:21/12/2006 text:" " barset:break from:23/10/2007 till:07/11/2007 text:" " barset:break from:31/05/2008 till:14/06/2008 text:" " barset:break from:15/03/2009 till:28/03/2009 text:" " barset:break from:29/08/2009 till:11/09/2009 text:" " barset:break from:05/04/2010 till:20/04/2010 text:" " barset:break from:24/02/2011 till:09/03/2011 text:" " barset:break at:09/04/2011 text:"發現號" barset:break
from:11/11/2021 till:06/05/2022 text:" " barset:break from:05/10/2022 till:12/03/2023 text:" " barset:break from:26/08/2023 till:12/03/2024 text:" " barset:break from:14/03/2025 till:end text:" " barset:break at:end text:"耐力号龙飞船" barset:break
barset:USA4 # X-15, Atlantis, Boeing CTS from:19/07/1963 till:19/07/1963 text:" " from:22/08/1963 till:22/08/1963 text:" " barset:break at:22/09/1963 text:"X-15" barset:break
from:03/10/1985 till:07/10/1985 text:" " barset:break from:26/11/1985 till:02/12/1985 text:" " barset:break from:02/12/1988 till:06/12/1988 text:" " barset:break from:04/05/1989 till:08/05/1989 text:" " barset:break from:18/10/1989 till:22/10/1989 text:" " barset:break from:28/02/1990 till:04/03/1990 text:" " barset:break from:15/11/1990 till:19/11/1990 text:" " barset:break from:05/04/1991 till:10/04/1991 text:" " barset:break from:02/08/1991 till:10/08/1991 text:" " barset:break from:24/11/1991 till:30/11/1991 text:" " barset:break from:24/03/1992 till:01/04/1992 text:" " barset:break from:31/07/1992 till:07/08/1992 text:" " barset:break from:03/11/1994 till:13/11/1994 text:" " barset:break from:27/06/1995 till:06/07/1995 text:" " barset:break from:12/11/1995 till:20/11/1995 text:" " barset:break from:22/03/1996 till:31/03/1996 text:" " barset:break from:16/09/1996 till:26/09/1996 text:" " barset:break from:12/01/1997 till:22/01/1997 text:" " barset:break from:15/05/1997 till:24/05/1997 text:" " barset:break from:25/09/1997 till:05/10/1997 text:" " barset:break from:19/05/2000 till:28/05/2000 text:" " barset:break from:08/09/2000 till:19/09/2000 text:" " barset:break from:07/02/2001 till:19/02/2001 text:" " barset:break from:12/07/2001 till:24/07/2001 text:" " barset:break from:08/04/2002 till:18/04/2002 text:" " barset:break from:07/10/2002 till:17/10/2002 text:" " barset:break from:09/09/2006 till:20/09/2006 text:" " barset:break from:08/06/2007 till:22/06/2007 text:" " barset:break from:07/02/2008 till:20/02/2008 text:" " barset:break from:11/05/2009 till:24/05/2009 text:" " barset:break from:16/11/2009 till:27/11/2009 text:" " barset:break from:14/05/2010 till:26/05/2010 text:" " barset:break from:08/07/2011 till:21/07/2011 text:" " barset:break barset:break at:21/08/2011 mark:(line,white) text:"亞特蘭提斯號"
from:27/04/2022 till:14/10/2022 text:" " barset:break from:21/05/2023 till:31/05/2023 text:" " barset:break from:18/01/2024 till:09/02/2024 text:" " barset:break from:28/09/2024 till:18/03/2025 text:" " barset:break
at:end text:"自由号龙飞船" barset:break
barset:USA5 # Endeavour from:07/05/1992 till:15/05/1992 text:" " barset:break from:12/09/1992 till:19/09/1992 text:" " barset:break from:13/01/1993 till:18/01/1993 text:" " barset:break from:21/06/1993 till:30/06/1993 text:" " barset:break from:02/12/1993 till:12/12/1993 text:" " barset:break from:09/04/1994 till:20/04/1994 text:" " barset:break from:30/09/1994 till:11/10/1994 text:" " barset:break from:02/03/1995 till:18/03/1995 text:" " barset:break from:07/09/1995 till:17/09/1995 text:" " barset:break from:11/01/1996 till:19/01/1996 text:" " barset:break from:19/05/1996 till:29/05/1996 text:" " barset:break from:22/01/1998 till:30/01/1998 text:" " barset:break from:04/12/1998 till:15/12/1998 text:" " barset:break from:11/02/2000 till:22/02/2000 text:" " barset:break from:30/11/2000 till:10/12/2000 text:" " barset:break from:19/04/2001 till:30/04/2001 text:" " barset:break from:05/12/2001 till:16/12/2001 text:" " barset:break from:05/06/2002 till:18/06/2002 text:" " barset:break from:23/11/2002 till:06/12/2002 text:" " barset:break from:08/08/2007 till:21/08/2007 text:" " barset:break from:11/03/2008 till:26/03/2008 text:" " barset:break from:14/11/2008 till:30/11/2008 text:" " barset:break from:15/07/2009 till:31/07/2009 text:" " barset:break from:08/02/2010 till:22/02/2010 text:" " barset:break from:16/05/2011 till:01/06/2011 text:" " barset:break at:01/07/2011 text:"奮進號" barset:break
from:05/06/2024 till:07/09/2024 text:" " barset:break at:end text:"卡吕普索号星际航线飞船" barset:break
barset:SpaceShipOne color:USA from:24/06/2004 till:24/06/2004 text:" " from:29/09/2004 till:29/09/2004 text:" " barset:break from:04/10/2004 till:04/10/2004 text:" " barset:break at:04/12/2004 text:"太空船1號" barset:break
from:13/12/2018 till:13/12/2018 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:22/02/2019 till:22/02/2019 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:22/05/2021 till:22/05/2021 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:11/07/2021 till:11/07/2021 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:25/05/2023 till:25/05/2023 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:10/08/2023 till:10/08/2023 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:08/09/2023 till:08/09/2023 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:06/10/2023 till:06/10/2023 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:02/11/2023 till:02/11/2023 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:26/01/2024 till:26/01/2024 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km from:08/06/2024 till:08/06/2024 text:" " barset:break # not above 100km
at:08/06/2024 text:"太空船2號" barset:break
barset:BlueOrigin color:USA from:20/07/2021 till:20/07/2021 text:" " barset:break from:13/10/2021 till:13/10/2021 text:" " barset:break from:11/12/2021 till:11/12/2021 text:" " barset:break from:31/03/2022 till:31/03/2022 text:" " barset:break from:04/06/2022 till:04/06/2022 text:" " barset:break from:04/08/2022 till:04/08/2022 text:" " barset:break from:19/05/2024 till:19/05/2024 text:" " barset:break from:29/08/2024 till:29/08/2024 text:" " barset:break from:22/11/2024 till:22/11/2024 text:" " barset:break from:25/02/2024 till:25/02/2024 text:" " barset:break from:14/04/2025 till:14/04/2025 text:" " barset:break at:end text:"新雪帕德" barset:break
barset:China color:CHI #from:19/11/1999 till:19/11/1999 text:" " barset:break #from:09/01/2001 till:16/01/2001 text:" " barset:break #from:25/03/2002 till:01/04/2002 text:" " barset:break #from:29/12/2002 till:05/01/2003 text:" " barset:break from:15/10/2003 till:15/10/2003 text:" " barset:break from:12/10/2005 till:16/10/2005 text:" " barset:break from:25/09/2008 till:28/09/2008 text:" " barset:break #from:31/10/2011 till:17/11/2011 text:" " barset:break from:16/06/2012 till:29/06/2012 text:" " barset:break from:11/06/2013 till:26/06/2013 text:" " barset:break from:17/10/2016 till:18/11/2016 text:" " barset:break from:17/06/2021 till:17/09/2021 text:" " barset:break from:15/10/2021 till:16/04/2022 text:" " from:05/06/2022 till:04/12/2022 text:" " barset:break from:29/11/2022 till:03/06/2023 text:" " from:30/05/2023 till:31/10/2023 text:" " barset:break from:26/10/2023 till:30/04/2024 text:" " from:25/04/2024 till:04/11/2024 text:" " barset:break from:29/10/2024 till:30/04/2025 text:" " from:24/04/2025 till:end text:" " barset:break barset:break at:end mark:(line,white) text:"}" fontsize:15 shift:(3,-12) barset:break at:end mark:(line,white) text:" 神舟系列" shift:(3,-10)
barset:stationheader width:12 align:center anchor:middle textcolor:white color:tan2 from:01/01/1971 till:end text:"有人空间站"
barset:stations width:4 align:left fontsize:S shift:(3,-4) textcolor:black anchor:till
color:RUS from:19/04/1971 till:11/10/1971 text:"1 " #from:04/04/1973 till:28/05/1973 text:"2" barset:break #this station was never crewed #from:11/05/1973 till:22/05/1973 text:"577" # this station was never crewed from:25/06/1974 till:24/01/1975 text:"3" barset:break from:26/12/1974 till:02/02/1977 text:"禮炮4號" from:22/06/1976 till:08/08/1977 text:"禮炮5號" from:29/09/1977 till:29/07/1982 text:"禮炮6號" barset:break from:19/04/1982 till:07/02/1991 text:"禮炮7號"
from:19/02/1986 till:23/03/2001 text:和平号空间站
from:14/05/1973 till:07/11/1979 text:"天空实验室" color:USA from:20/11/1998 till:end text:国际空间站 color:black barset:break from:29/09/2011 till:02/04/2018 text:"天宫一号" color:CHI from:15/09/2016 till:19/07/2019 text:"天宫二号" color:CHI from:29/04/2021 till:end text:"天宫空间站" color:CHI
</timeline>
图集[编辑]
-
天空实验室内部
-
天空实验室外部
-
建造中的在轨工作间
-
土星五号发射天空实验室1号任务
-
天空实验室2号任务的天空实验室
-
天空实验室3号任务中的天空实验室
-
洗澡的宇航员杰克·洛斯马
-
未完成的航天飞机抬升天空实验室轨道概念图
-
内部照
-
主要实验活动清单
-
坠落区域
-
回收的氧气罐残骸
影视呈现[编辑]
在描述平行历史的Apple TV+原创剧集《为全人类》第二季第一集中描述了该空间站的运行，它幸存到1980年代并与平行时间线中的航天飞机计划共存。[9]
参考文献[编辑]
- ↑ Belew, L. F.; Stuhlinger, E. EP-107 Skylab: A Guidebook. NASA. January 1973 [28 February 2017]. 公有领域 本文含有此来源中属于公有领域的内容。
- ↑ Belew (1977), p. 18
- ↑ 引用错误：
<ref>标签无效；未给name（名称）为1973 Evaluation的ref（参考）提供文本 - ↑ Bono, Phillip; Gatland, Kenneth. Frontiers of Space 1st American Revised. MacMillan. 1976: 121 （en-us）.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Belew, L. F.; Stuhlinger, E. EP-107 Skylab: A Guidebook. Chapter IV: Skylab Design and Operation. NASA History. January 1973 [29 May 2016]. 公有领域 本文含有此来源中属于公有领域的内容。
- ↑ 已支付乱抛垃圾罚款. [2022-08-17]. 原始内容存档于2012-07-11.
- ↑ Sutherland, Paul. NASA's litter bill paid 30 years on. Skymania. 2009-07-05 [2022-08-17]. （原始内容存档于2022-09-04） （en-US）.
- ↑ A space station crash landed over Esperance 40 years ago, setting in motion unusual events. ABC News (Australia). [2021-05-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-07-07）.
- ↑ 'For All Mankind' Season 2 blasts off with nods to NASA's shuttle past. collectSpace. 2021-02-19 [2021-05-09]. （原始内容存档于2023-03-06）.
