胡椒属
（重定向自Piper）
| 胡椒属File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Piper magnificum0.jpg | |
| P. magnificum | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 木兰类植物 Magnoliids |
| 目： | 胡椒目 Piperales |
| 科： | 胡椒科 Piperaceae |
| 属： | 胡椒属 Piper L., 1754 |
| 种 | |
|
1000–2000 | |
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| Module:Wd第196行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'getGlobalSiteId' (a nil value) | |
| 异名 | |
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胡椒属植物在经济和生态方面都很重要，包括大约有1,000-2,000余种，有草本、灌木、藤本甚至是小乔木，胡椒科植物既不属于双子叶植物也不属于单子叶植物，和三白草科亲源关系较近，在胡椒科内，胡椒属和草胡椒属的亲源关系较近。
胡椒属植物分布在世界各地的热带地区，多数品种生长在热带雨林中，也有少数品种可以生长在比较开阔地带或亚热带地区。
部分胡椒属藤本品种在温暖地区可以作为园艺品种，但胡椒属的主要用途还是作为香料和蔬菜，人类最早在大约9,000年前就已经知道应用胡椒作为食品香料，主要用黑胡椒（Piper nigrum），此外像墨西哥叶胡椒（Piper auritum）、荜澄茄（Piper cubeba）、长胡椒（Piper longum）、西非胡椒（Piper guineen）也常被应用。越南的罗洛胡椒（Piper lolot）以及东南亚的假蒟（Piper sarmentosum）叶子都是当地的蔬菜。胡椒属许多品种还被许多地方作为当地的草药使用。
绿色盐渍的熟种子
白色干燥的熟种子
黑色干燥的未熟种子
主要品种[编辑]
胡椒属植物在美洲有约700种，在东南亚有300余种，在南太平洋有40多种，在非洲有约15种。[1]
- 兰屿风藤 Piper arborescens
- Piper aduncum Piper auritum
- Piper darienense
- Piper tectonifolium Kunth Piper lhotzkyanum
- 球穗胡椒 – duermeboca (巴拿马), kana ([[Kuna (language)|Kuna]]) Kunth
- [[(C. DC.) Hook. f.
- 小叶球穗胡椒 Piper thomsonii var. microphyllum Y. C. Tseng]]
- Piper trachyphyllum Piper brachystylum
- Piper lineatipilosum Piper translucens
- Yunck., 1959 Yunck. Piper decurrens
- 陵水胡椒 Piper triandrum F.Muell.
- Piper lingshuiense
- Y. C. Tseng Y. C. Tseng
- 罗洛胡椒 Piper trioicum
- Piper lolot
- Piper truman-yunckeri C.DC., 1898
- Piper densiciliatum
- Piper truncatum Vell. Piper lonchites
- 瑞丽胡椒 Roem. & Schult.[5]
- M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia 粗穗胡椒 Piper amalgo
- 华南胡椒 Piper bullatifolium
- Piper longicaudatum 大胡椒 Piper umbellatum
- L. Piper diffundum
- 荜拔 Piper unguiculatum
- Piper longum
- L.，长胡椒
- Piper verrucosum
- Piper lucigaudens 石南藤
- Piper wallichii Piper austrosinense
- Piper disparipilum
- Piper warakahoura Piper macrophyllum
- 粗梗胡椒
- Piper wightii Piper caldense
- Piper macropodum 盈江胡椒 Piper yinkiangense
- C. DC. Y. C. Tseng Piper distigmatum
- 麻根 Piper yunnanense
- Y. C. Tseng C.DC.
- [[B. Q. Cheng ex C. L. Long & Jun Yang[6]]]
- Piper magnificum
- [[– Lacquered Pepper]] Piper dodsonii
- Piper malacophyllum
- (C.Presl) C.DC.
- Piper callejasii Piper manabinum
- Piper entradense
- Piper marginatum W. Trujillo & M. A. Jaram.[3]
- Piper mekongense Piper azuaiense
- Piper eriocladum
- Piper mendezense
- Piper campii
- Piper mestonii Piper eustylum
- Piper metallicum
- Hallier f., 1896
- 卡瓦胡椒 Piper methysticum
- Roxb.，为''Piper majusculum'' Blume的异名 Piper fallenii
- Piper mexiae
- (Trel.) Trel. & Yunck., 1950 Piper achupallasense
- Piper angamarcanum Piper caninum
- 琉球胡椒 Piper mischocarpum Y. C. Tseng
- Piper ferriei Piper molliusculum
- , SE Asia to Australia, Common pepper, Native pepper in Australia. C. DC. Sodiro, 1900
- 墨脱胡椒 Piper motuoense
- [[X.W.Qin, F.Su & C.Y.Hao, 2024[7]]] Piper baezanum
- Piper fimbriulatum 短蒟 Piper mullesua
- Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 变叶胡椒
- Piper candollei 黄花胡椒 Piper mutabile
- C. DC. Piper flaviflorum
- C. DC.
- Piper napo-pastazanum
- 华山蒌 Piper gaudichaudianum
- Piper nebuligaudens Kunth
- 黑胡椒 Piper cathayanum
- Piper nigrum L.，胡椒
- Piper glabratum Piper novae-hollandiae
- M. G. Gilbert & N. H. Xia Kunth Giant Pepper Vine - 澳大利亚
- 裸果胡椒 Piper nudibaccatum
- Piper aequilaterum 兰屿胡椒 Piper baezense
- Piper grandifolium 彩脉胡椒
- Piper ornatum N.E.Br., 1884
- Piper cenocladum
- Piper pachyphyllum – Mahalatsaka Piper gualeanum
- 角果胡椒 Piper pedicellatum
- [[– "ant piper"]] C. DC.
- Piper peepuloides
- [[Roxb.[5]]] 长果胡椒 Piper guayasanum
- Piper peltatum
- L., 1753 Piper arborescens
- Piper chaba 西非胡椒 Piper permucronatum
- Yunck. Piper guineense
- Piper perstrigosum
- Yunck., 1955 海南蒟
- Piper phangngaense Suwanph. and Hodk., 2023[5] Piper begoniiforme
- 勐海胡椒 Piper hainanense 台东胡椒
- Piper philippinum Hemsl. Miq.
- 屏边胡椒 Piper chaudocanum 山蒟
- Piper pingbienense Y. C. Tseng Piper hancei
- C.DC. Roxb.
- C. DC. Maxim.
- 线梗胡椒 哈曼氏胡椒 Piper pleiocarpum
- C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng Piper harmandii
- 樟叶胡椒 Piper polysyphonum C. DC.
- C. DC. 肉轴胡椒 蒌叶
- Piper chimborazoense Piper ponesheense
- C. DC. Piper hillianum
- Piper porphyrophyllum C.DC.
- Piper poscitum 西藏胡椒 Piper betle
- Piper hispidinervum
- Piper prietoi
- Piper chimonanthifolium 河池胡椒
- Piper productispicum Piper hochiense
- Piper pseudonigrum L.
- Kunth Y. C. Tseng
- Piper pseudopothifolium
- C.DC. 中华胡椒 Piper huigranum
- 毛叶胡椒 Piper puberulilimbum
- C. DC. Piper arunachalense
- 苎叶蒟 Piper chinense
- Piper pubicatulum C. DC. Piper hydrolapathum
- Piper puyoense Miq.
- Piper quinchasense M. A. Jaram.[8]
- Piper boehmeriaefolium Piper hylebates
- Piper regale
- 假荜拔 Piper clathratum
- Piper retrofractum Vahl
- Piper hylophilum Gajurel, Rethy & Y. Kumar
- [[(Miq.) C. DC.
- 光轴苎叶蒟 Piper boehmeriaefolium var. tonkinense C. DC.]]
- Kunth
- Piper rugocarpum Y.Banchong and Suwanph., 2023[5]
- Piper imperiale Piper rostratum
- [[Roxb.[5]]]
- 复毛胡椒 Piper claussenianum 沉果胡椒
- Piper rubronodosum Piper infossum
- Piper rubrovenosum
- Y. Q. Tseng 红果胡椒
- 疏果胡椒 Piper rubrum
- Piper alwynii 卵叶胡椒 Piper bonii
- Piper interruptum 西贡胡椒
- Piper saigonense Opiz
- Piper coeloneurum 尖峰岭胡椒
- Piper saloyanum Piper jianfenglingense
- Piper san-miguelense C. DC.
- 大叶复毛胡椒 Piper bonii var. macrophyllum Y. C. Tseng
- [[C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[4]]]
- 假蒟 风藤 Piper sarmentosum
- Roxb. Piper kadsura
- 斜叶蒟 Piper senporeiense (Choisy) Ohwi
- Yamam. Piper attenuatum
- Piper cordulatum 恒春风藤 Piper schuppii
- Piper kawakamii 塞舌尔胡椒
- Piper seychellarum Hayata
- Piper skutchii Piper borneense
- 荜澄茄 Piper kerrii
- Piper smitinandianum Suwanph. and Y.Banchong, 2023[5] Suwanph. & Chantar. [5]
- Piper cubeba
- Piper sodiroi Piper kurzii
- 短柄胡椒 M. A. Jaram., 2023[2] Buch.-Ham. ex Miq.
- Ridl.[5]
- C. C. Chang ex Y. C. Tseng 绿岛胡椒
- Piper stipulosum
- Piper kwashoense Piper subaduncum
- Hayata 多脉胡椒
- Piper cutucuense 大叶蒟
- Piper submultinerve C. DC.
- 狭叶多脉胡椒 Piper submultinerve var. nandanicum Y. C. Tseng Piper laetispicum
- Piper subnitidifolium
- [[C. DC.[5]]] Piper zarumanum
- 缘毛胡椒 Y. C. Tseng
- 蒟子 Piper semiimmersum
- Piper wibomii
- 墨西哥胡椒叶 Piper brachipilum 大苗山胡椒
- Piper lanatum 半透明胡椒 (Miq.) Hand.-Mazz.
- Piper valladolidense Piper semi-transparens
- P. S. Chen & P. C. Zhu Roxb.[5]
- [[C.Y. Hao & Y.H. Tan[9]]] Piper tsangyuanense Piper tsengianum
- 滇西胡椒
- Piper damiaoshanense Piper suipigua
- Piper tricolor 三色胡椒
- Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Piper thomsonii
- Piper laevigatum
- T. T. Lin & S. Y. Lu Piper supernum
- Y. C. Tseng Kunth, 1815
- 银叶胡椒 C. DC.
- Piper stipitiforme Piper sylvaticum
- C. DC. Piper richardiifolium 岩椒
- Roxb., 长柄胡椒 Piper platylobum
- Piper leptostachyum 台湾胡椒 Y. Q. Tseng
- Piper nanegalense 柄果胡椒 Piper taiwanense
- Piper magen Wall. ex Miq.[5]
注释[编辑]
- ^ Jaramillo, M. Alejandra, Phylogeny and Patterns of Floral Diversity in the Genus Piper (Piperaceae), American Journal of Botany, 2001, 88: 706 [2010-01-29], PMID 11302858, doi:10.2307/2657072, （原始内容存档于2010-06-30）
- ^ M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2023. Piper alwynii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Cordillera del Cóndor at the Border of Peru and Ecuador. Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. DOI: 10.3417/2023862
- ^ William Trujillo, Edwin Trujillo Trujillo and M. Alejandra Jaramillo. 2021. Piper callejasii (Piperaceae), A New Species from the Eastern Slopes of the Andes, Northern South America. Novon. 29: 200–205. DOI: 10.3417/2021659
- ^ Chao-Yun Hao, Xiao-Wei Qin, Le-He Tan, Li-Song Hu, Gang Wu, Shui-Xing Luo, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2017. Piper jianfenglingense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Hainan Island, China. Phytotaxa. 331(1); 109–116. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.9
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Chalermpol Suwanphakdee, David A. Simpson, Trevor R. Hodkinson and Pranom Chantaranothai. 2020. A Synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany). 48(2), 145-183. DOI: 10.20531/tfb.2020.48.2.08 引用错误：带有name属性“Suwanphakdee”的
<ref>标签用不同内容定义了多次 - ^ 麻根——珍稀民族香料植物新种. NSII. [2023-02-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-18）.
- ^ Fan Su, Xiao-Wei Qin, Rui Fan, Lin Yan, Xun-Zhi Ji and Chao-Yun Hao. 2024. Piper motuoense, A New Species of Piperaceae from Xizang, China. PhytoKeys. 238: 85-94. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.238.115494
- ^ M. Alejandra Jaramillo, Dayro Rodríguez-Duque and Magda Escobar-Alba. 2023. A New Species of Piper (Piperaceae) with peltate leaves from Serranía de las Quinchas, Colombia. PhytoKeys. 227: 9-24. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.227.101405
- ^ Chao-Yun Hao, Bao-Duo Wu, Xiao-Wei Qin, Gang Wu, Hai-Yan Deng and Yun-Hong Tan. 2020. Morphological and Molecular Evidence for A New Species from China: Piper semi-transparens (Piperaceae). Phytotaxa. 429(3); 191–199. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.429.3.1
外部链接[编辑]
- 图片和描述等 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 《中国植物》中的胡椒科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 《北美洲植物》中的胡椒科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- NCBI分类中的胡椒科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- 泰国胡椒品种 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
参考文献[编辑]
- Dyer, L.A. & Palmer, A.N. (2004): Piper: A model genus for studies of evolution, chemical ecology, and trophic interactions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. ISBN 0-306-48498-6
- Ecocyber (2008): Tropical Root Crops. Retrieved 2008-JUL-15.
- Gorman, Chester F. (1969): Hoabinhian: A pebble tool complex with early plant associations in Southeast Asia. Science 163(3868): 671-673. doi:10.1126/science.163.3868.671 (HTML abstract)
- Gorman, Chester F. (1971): The Hoabinhian and After: Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asia during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World Archaeology 2(3): 300-320. HTML abstract and first page image
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) (2007): 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. IUCN, Gland.
- Lim, S.T.; Dragull, K.; Tang, C.S.; Bittenbender, H.C.; Efird, J.T. & Nerurkar P.V. (2007): Effects of Kava Alkaloid, Pipermethystine, and Kavalactones on Oxidative Stress and Cytochrome P450 in F-344 Rats. Toxicological Science 97(1): 214-221. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm035 PMID 17329236 PDF fulltext
- Parkinson, John (1640): Theatrum Botanicum: the Theater of Plants, etc. T. Cotes, London.
- Solomon, Charmaine (1998): Cha Plu. In: Encyclopedia of Asian Food. Periplus Editions. HTML fulltext （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Sorrentin, L.; Capasso, A. & Schmidt, M. (2006): Safety of ethanolic kava extract: Results of a study of chronic toxicity in rats. Phytomedicine 13(8): 542-549. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2006.01.006 PMID 16904878 (HTML abstract)
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