波斯文学
（重定向自Persian literature）
波斯文学（波斯语：ادبیات فارسی adabiyāt-e fārsi）包括由波斯语转述、写作而成的文字作品，是世界上最为古老的文学之一。[1][2][3]它绵延了两千五百余年，但许多伊朗历史相关的作品如今却已经失传。波斯文学作品的创作题材来自于大伊朗地区，范围包括今天的伊朗、伊拉克、高加索和土耳其，以及波斯语曾为官方语言或本土语言的部分中、南亚等地区。
拜火教帕拉维语文献[编辑]
中古波斯古典文学[编辑]
初创期（九世中～十一世中）[编辑]
发展期（十一世中～十三世中）[编辑]
鼎盛期（十三世中～十五世末）[编辑]
- 《玛斯纳维》
- 萨迪（Саъдй Шерозй, 1208～1292）《果园》、《蔷薇园》
- 哈菲兹（Хофиз, 1327～1390）
衰退期（十六世～十九世末）[编辑]
- 巴哈尔
现当代伊朗文学[编辑]
- 赫达雅特
- 沙赫尔努希·帕尔西普尔
波斯谚语举例[编辑]
* Thousands of friends aren't sufficient and one enemy one too many. *
|
هزاران دوست کماند و یک دشمن زیاد
Hezārān dūst kam-and-o [va] yek doshman ziād. |
* The wise enemy is better than the ignorant friend. *
|
دشمن دانا بهتر از دوست نادان است
Doshman-e dānā beh'tar az dust-e nādān ast./ |
* The wise enemy lifts you up, the ignorant friend casts you down. *
|
دشمن دانا بلندت میکند. بر زمینت میزند ناداندوست
Doshman-e dānā bolandat mikonad. Bar zaminat mizanad nādān-dūst. |
* There is no dead in the grave, on top of which you're crying! (equivalent to "barking up the wrong tree" ) *
|
در قبری که بالایش می گریی، مرده نیست
Dar qabrī ke bālāyash mīger'yī morde nīst |
参考资料[编辑]
- ^ Spooner, Brian. Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki. Marashi, Mehdi (编). Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery. Leiden: Brill. 1994: 177–178 [2017-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-14）.
- ^ Spooner, Brian. Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki. Schiffman, Harold (编). Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice. Leiden: Brill. 2012: 94 [2017-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
- ^ Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth (编). Persian. Compendium of the World's Languages 3rd. Routledge. 2013: 1339 [2017-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2021-03-10）.
参考文献[编辑]
- Farmanfarmaian, Fatema Soudavar. Arjomand, Saïd Amir , 编. Georgia and Iran: Three Millennia of Cultural Relations An Overview. Journal of Persianate Studies (BRILL). 2009, 2 (1): 1–43. doi:10.1163/187471609X445464.
延伸阅读[编辑]
- ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn Zarrīnʹkūb. Dū qarn sukūt: sarguz̲asht-i ḥavādis̲ va awz̤āʻ-i tārīkhī dar dū qarn-i avval-i Islām (Two Centuries of Silence). Tihrān: Sukhan. 2000. OCLC 46632917. ISBN 964-5983-33-6.
- Aryanpur, Manoochehr. A History of Persian Literature. Tehran: Kayhan Press, 1973
- Chopra, R.M., "Eminent Poetesses of Persian", Iran Society, Kolkata, 2010.
- Chopra, R.M., "The Rise Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature", 2012, published by Iran Culture House, New Delhi and Iran Society, Kolkata. Revised edition published in 2013.
- Zellem, Edward. Zarbul Masalha: 151 Afghan Dari Proverbs. Charleston: CreateSpace, 2012. [2022-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-31）.
- Clawson, Patrick. Eternal Iran （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Macmillan, 2005. ISBN 1-4039-6276-6.
- Browne, E.G.. Literary History of Persia 1998. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X.
- Browne, Edward G.. Islamic Medicine. 2002. ISBN 81-87570-19-9
- Rypka, Jan. History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company, 1968. OCLC 460598. ISBN 90-277-0143-1.
- Schimmel, Annemarie (1992). A Two-colored Brocade: The Imagery of Persian Poetry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. University of North Carolina Press, USA. ISBN 1469616378.
- Tikku, G.L. Persian Poetry in Kashmir. 1971. ISBN 0-520-09312-7
- Walker, Benjamin. Persian Pageant: A Cultural History of Iran. Calcutta: Arya Press, 1950.
- Zellem, Edward. Afghan Proverbs Illustrated. Charleston: CreateSpace, 2012. [2022-01-07]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-31）.
- Chopra, R.M., "Great Poets of Classical Persian", 2014, Sparrow Publication, Kolkata, ISBN 978-81-89140-99-1.
外部链接[编辑]
- National Committee for the Expansion of the Persian Language and Literature （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (شورای گسترش زبان و ادبیات فارسی)
- The Packard Humanities Institute: Persian Literature in Translation (currently down) (latest archived version)
- Persian literature （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at Encyclopædia Britannica
- Persian Literature & Poetry （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） at parstimes.com
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