牡蛎属
（重定向自Ostrea）
| 牡蛎属File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石时期：
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| File:Oyster.jpg | |
| A lower valve (the attachment valve) of a shell of Ostrea edulis | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 软体动物门 Mollusca |
| 纲： | 双壳纲 Bivalvia |
| 目： | 牡蛎目 Ostreida |
| 科： | 牡蛎科 Ostreidae |
| 亚科： | 牡蛎亚科 Ostreinae |
| 属： | 牡蛎属 Ostrea (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| 物种 | |
牡蛎属（学名：Ostrea）是牡蛎目牡蛎科之下的一个海洋双壳纲软体动物的属[1]，其物种均可食用。
化石纪录[编辑]
本属物种的历史非常悠久：其化石纪录最远可追溯至二叠纪到第四纪期间（2.59亿年前至现在），而且遍布全世界。 现时本属之下有约150个化石种[2][3]。
历史[编辑]
当中加州太平洋海岸进行考古学发掘之时，至少有一个本属物种（当中包括Ostrea lurida）的化石被发掘出来。这表明了早期的美国原住民丘马什人以这些物种为其食物来源[4]。
物种[编辑]
过往本属物种最高曾多达400个，但现时绝大多数均已被分到不同的属去。截至2018年7月4日[update]，WoRMS纪录的物种计有[2][1]：
- Seki, 1929 Ostrea angelica Ostrea megodon
- Rochebrune, 1895 Marwick, 1928
- Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
- Ostrea atherstonei Philippi, 1844
- Ostrea circumpicta Ostrea denselamellosa
- Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrea lurida
- Payraudeau, 1826 Carpenter, 1864
- Ostrea oleomargarita Ostrea conchaphila
- [[(Lischke, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蛎。]] Ostrea libella
- [[Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari [5]]] †Ostrea tatei
- †Ostrea margaritae Newton, 1913 Ostrea chilensis
- Pilsbry, 1904 Carpenter, 1857
- Ostrea futamiensis Weisbord, 1964
- Pilsbry, 1918 Ostrea puelchana
- Suter, 1913 Ostrea stentina
- Hanley, 1846
- d'Orbigny, 1842 †Ostrea waitangiensis
- 密鳞牡蛎 Ostrea edulis
- 异名
- †Ostrea longirostris
- Gmelin, 1791
- †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937
- Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846
- †Ostrea angulata Deshayes, 1824
- †Ostrea anomialis †Ostrea arenicola
- Dinamani, 1981 †Ostrea blackensis
- Poli, 1795 Ostrea crenulifera
- Ostrea edulis Hertlein, 1929
- †Ostrea hippopus
- Russell & Landes, 1937 †Ostrea paroxis
- †Ostrea subradiosa †Ostrea procyonis Bohm, 1926
- Tate, 1886 †Ostrea ludensis
- Lesueur, 1829 Maury, 1924
- †Ostrea cubitus Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster（英语：Belon oyster）
- †Ostrea gajensis 舌骨牡蛎 Deshayes, 1861
- Ostrea minuta †Ostrea prona
- Forskål, 1775 Wood, 1861
- Ostrea hyotis Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea parrensis †Ostrea tacalensis
- Stephenson, 1923 †Ostrea carolinensis
- [[G. B. Sowerby II, 1871[6]:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)[7][8]。]] Deshayes, 1832 棘刺牡蛎
- Ostrea flavicans Vredenburg, 1928 [6]:82
- †Ostrea lutaria Vega et al., 1999
- Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea tayloriana Hutton, 1885
- Ostrea miradorensis †Ostrea pseudocrassissima
- Gabb, 1866 Ostrea echinata
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea hyotidoidea
- Olsson, 1931 †Ostrea pejerreyensis
- †Ostrea thalassoklusta †Ostrea pseudodigitalina
- Maury, 1912 Tate, 1899 Ostrea maculosa
- Rivera, 1957 †Ostrea antarctica
- Tate, 1886 †Ostrea bicolor
- Conrad, 1832 †Ostrea compressirostra
- Ostrea cumingiana
- 叶片牡蛎 †Ostrea gingensis
- Forskål, 1775 †Ostrea monetalis
- †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea imbricata
- Martin, 1931 Ostrea pellucens
- Ostrea tridacnaeformis Dunker, 1846
- Ostrea folium Schlotheim, 1813 Lamarck, 1819
- †Ostrea manubriata 咬齿牡蛎 Linnaeus, 1758
- Harris, 1892
- †Ostrea turkestanensis Tate, 1887
- Ostrea mordax Ostrea radula
- Romanovski, 1880 †Ostrea brongniarti
- Say, 1824 Ostrea crenulimarginata
- †Ostrea edwilsoni [6]:82：又名薄片牡蛎，今作Dendostrea folium。
- †Ostrea incisa ：今作黑齿牡蛎
- Ostrea pesfelis †Ostrea uncinta
- †Ostrea raveneliana Lamarck, 1806 Martin, 1883
- †Ostrea marginidentata Linnaeus, 1758
- Tuomey & Holmes, 1855 †Ostrea cynthiae
- Stoyanow, 1949 Ostrea glabra
- Wood, 1861 †Ostrea negritensis
- †Ostrea resupinata Nyst, 1843
- Deshayes, 1858 Sowerby, 1840
- †Ostrea angusta Lamarck, 1819
- Zinsmeister, 1984 †Ostrea beloiti
- Hanley, 1854 Bronn, 1856 †Ostrea castellobrancoi
- Gabb, 1860 Maury, 1912
- †Ostrea forskali Linnaeus, 1758
- White, 1887 †Ostrea matercula
- Fuchs, 1879 Sowerby, 1871
- †Ostrea vestita
- de Verneuil, 1845 †Ostrea normali
- †Ostrea russelli Fuchs, 1883
- †Ostrea eorivularis Chemnitz, 1785
- Ostrea iridescens Gardner, 1926
- †Ostrea peytoni †Ostrea wiedenmayeri
- †Ostrea samanensis Hodson et al., 1927 Gray, 1854
- †Ostrea mauricensis Richards, 1947
- Olsson, 1928
- Maury 1936 †Ostrea costaricensis
- †Ostrea democraciana Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
- †Ostrea golfotristensis Gabb, 1860
- Ostrea obliterata Ostrea sanguinea
- Finlay, 1927 Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea jogjacartensis
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea pileosimilis
- Hodson et al., 1927
- †Ostrea fraasi Maury 1912 Martin, 1914
- †Ostrea mesenterica Martin, 1931
- McLearn, 1929
- Morton, 1834 †Ostrea pangadiensis
- Ostrea aupouria Logan, 1899
- Ostrea californica
- Olsson, 1922 Ostrea cristata
- Ostrea equestris Mayer-Eymar, 1888
- †Ostrea khamirensis Hislop, 1859
- Ostrea plicatula †Ostrea wollastoni
- †Ostrea soleniscus Goldfuss, 1826
- †Ostrea ventilabrum Cox, 1936 †Ostrea messor
- Gmelin, 1791 Meek, 1893
- †Ostrea ungulata Cox, 1927
- Ostrea talienwhanensis 大连湾牡蛎
- Hodson ''et al.'', 1927 †Ostrea dorsalis (Say, 1834)- Crested oyster
- †Ostrea haleyi
- Maury, 1925 †Ostrea paracasensis
- Ostrea striatula Ostrea superficialis
- Deshayes, 1864 †Ostrea submissa d'Orbigny, 1852
- Woods, 1850 Fuchs, 1879 Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea sturtiana
- †Ostrea latimarginata Rivera, 1957
- †Ostrea portoricoensis Zinsmeister, 1984
- †Ostrea seymourensis †Ostrea saxitoniana Mareon, 1858
- †Ostrea cochlear 缘齿牡蛎 Born, 1778
- Azzaroli, 1958 †Ostrea frondosa
- Hertlein, 1933 Vredenburg, 1908 †Ostrea minbuensis
- Hubbard, 1920 Tate, 1886
- Russell & Landes, 1937 Ostrea retusa
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea pulaskensis
- Fuchs, 1878
- †Ostrea protoimbricata
- Cotter, 1923 †Ostrea parasitica
- †Ostrea subangulata †Ostrea princeps †Ostrea petrosa
- Olsson, 1928 †Ostrea minerensis
- Lamarck, 1806
- Ostrea erici de Serres, 1829 †Ostrea invalida
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Ostrea. Paleobiology Database.
- ^ J.D. Dana (1996)
- ^ C.M. Hogan, 2008
- ^ Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2022. Cryptic Marine Diversity in the Northern Arabian Gulf: An Integrative Approach Uncovers a New Species of Oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975
Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2023. Corrigendum: Salvi D, Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Berrilli E, Garzia M. 2022. Cryptic marine diversity in the northern Arabian Gulf: an integrative approach uncovers a new species of oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975. ZooKeys. 1143: 89-92. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.100087 - ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 郑成兴; 黄宗国; 张良兴; 李传燕; 李福荣. 琅玡灣附着生物和鑽孔生物的初步研究. 海洋学报. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 [2018-07-04]. （原始内容存档于2018-07-04） （中文（简体））.
- ^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.
- ^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (编). Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871). MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –通过WoRMS.
- James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
- C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham [1] （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
外部链接[编辑]
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源：Module:Commons_link第64行Lua错误：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg 维基物种上的相关信息：牡蛎属
Module:Taxonbar第160行Lua错误：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)