园蛛科
（重定向自Araneidae）
| 园蛛科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
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| File:Araneus heroine.jpg | |
| Araneus heroine | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 蛛形纲 Arachnida |
| 目： | 蜘蛛目 Araneae |
| 亚目： | 背突蛛亚目 Opisthothelae |
| 下目： | 新蛛下目 Araneomorphae |
| 演化支： | 复杂生殖器类 Entelegynae |
| 演化支： | 圆网蛛类 Orbiculariae |
| 总科： | 园蛛总科 Araneoidea |
| 科： | 园蛛科 Araneidae Simon, 1895 |
| 属 | |
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约166属 | |
| 异名 | |
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| “圆蛛科”的各地常用名称 | |
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| 中国大陆 | 园蛛科 |
| 台湾 | 金蛛科[3][4]或鬼蛛科 |
园蛛科（学名：Araneidae），又称圆蛛科、金蛛科或鬼蛛科。这一科的蜘蛛非常美丽、显著，并且常在跨小径及类似的地方纺织其半米以上的大轮形网，然后把自己挂在其中心等待猎物来到。部分圆蛛科的蜘蛛（如十字园蛛）会在网中央地方另外纺织数条锯齿形，或其他显著形式的斑纹向外延伸。然后半黑半白的或半黑半黄的蜘蛛，静止不动时会停留在白色丝带交叉的中央区域附近，将脚两两并拢呈现大“X”字形；但亦有学者指出这些蜘蛛网上的丝质装饰物具有吸引猎物的功能。 [5]
这种蜘蛛会尽量避免与任何大动物有接触，其毒对人不很危险，反应跟其对蜜蜂毒的反应差不多。
这一科蜘蛛的视力远不如狼蛛科、跳蛛科，只足以辨别黑白。因而它们依赖触觉认识到猎物，及其他在环境重要的东西。
落到网里后，猎物的挣扎很容易破坏网，于是蜘蛛立刻尽力迅速地用丝把猎物包起来，使之不能动弹，然后趁机会咬之、注射其毒液，等它不挣扎了就再过来吃。
圆蛛科蜘蛛种类很多，全球约有2500种。体长由2—60毫米。当中哥伦比亚有一种叫链球蛛（Bolas |Spider）的本科蜘蛛，会将自己的丝线弄成一个黏球，该黏球带有类似雌蛾的气味，待雄蛾受气味吸引飞近时，即挥动黏球将其击中，成为美味大餐。因为这样的动作似牛仔挥动绳圈，链球蛛又被称为牛仔蜘蛛。
下级分类[编辑]
本科包括以下属：[6]
- Acacesia
- Acanthepeira Aethrodiscus
- Chorizopes
- Pronous Keyserling, 1881 Gibbaranea
- O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 Archer, 1951
- Simon, 1903
- Pseudopsyllo Arachnura 类壮头蛛属
- Glyptogona Psyllo
- Simon, 1884 Thorell, 1899 Chorizopesoides
- Pulchellaranea Poinar, 2015
- Gnolus Strand, 1913 Vinson, 1863
- [[Mi & Wang, 2018
- Pycnosinga
- Herennia
- Rubrepeira Thorell, 1877 Levi, 1992
- Chrysometata
- Scoloderus Simon, 1887 Heterognatha
- Wunderlich, 2004 Nicolet, 1849
- Simon, 1894 Actinacantha
- Aranea
- Heurodes Singafrotypa
- Keyserling, 1886 Benoit, 1962 Cladomelea
- Siwa Grasshoff, 1970
- Hingstepeira Clerck, 1757
- Simon, 1895 Levi, 1995 Simon, 1897
- Spinepeira
- Hortophora
- Spintharidius Framenau & Castanheira, 2021 Aetrocantha
- Clitaetra
- Taczanowskia Keyserling, 1879
- Taczanowskia gustavoi Ibarra-Núñez, 2013
- Taczanowskia mirabilis Simon, 1897
- Taczanowskia onowoka Jordán, Domínguez-Trujillo & Cisneros-Heredia, 2021[8]
- Taczanowskia sextuberculata Keyserling, 1892
- Taczanowskia striata Keyserling, 1879
- Taczanowskia trilobata Simon, 1897
- Taczanowskia yasuni Díaz-Guevara, Macías-Tulcán & Galvis, 2024[9] Hypognatha
- Simon, 1889 Guérin-Méneville, 1839
- Thorell, 1898
- Tatepeira Araneometa
- Hyposinga Telaprocera
- Harmer & Framenau, 2008 Cnodalia
- Testudinaria Marx, 1883
- Simon, 1864 Karsch, 1879 Wunderlich, 1988
- Thorell, 1890 Dahl, 1914 Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
- 亮腹蛛属 Testudinaroides
- Hypsosinga
- Tethneus Ausserer, 1871 Scudder, 1890
- 鬼蛛属 Coelossia
- Thelacantha Hasselt, 1882 Ideocaira
- Simon, 1895 Simon, 1903
- Berg, 1899
- Araneus
- Indoetra Trichonephila
- Kuntner, 2006 Dahl, 1911 Colaranea
- Umbonata Grasshoff, 1971
- Isoxya Clerck, 1757
- Court & Forster, 1988 Simon, 1885 Simon, 1895
- Verrucosa
- Kaira
- Wagneriana Afracantha
- Collina
- Witica O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1895 Kapogea
- Urquhart, 1891 Levi, 1997
- O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1882
- Xylethrus Araniella
- Kilima Yaginumia
- Grasshoff, 1970 Archer, 1960 Colphepeira
- 肥蛛属 Zealaranea Court & Forster, 1988
- Larinia Dahl, 1914 Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
- Archer, 1941 Simon, 1874 C.L.Koch, 1836
- 楚蛛属 Zygiella
- Lariniaria Grasshoff, 1970
- Cryptaranea 类肥蛛属
- Larinioides Court & Forster, 1988 Caporiacco, 1934
- Acantharachne Actinosoma
- Aranoethra 艾蛛属
- Lariniophora Framenau, 2011 Cyclosa
- Leviellus Butler, 1873
- Menge, 1866 Wunderlich, 2004
- Lewisepeira Levi, 1993
- Agalenatea 金蛛属 Cyclososoma
- Lipocrea Petrunkevitch, 1958
- Thorell, 1878 Argiope
- Luxurionephila Wunderlich, 2004
- Cyphalonotus Holmberg, 1883
- Archer, 1951 Audouin, 1826 Simon, 1895
- Simon, 1864
- Madacantha Emerit, 1970
- Cyrtarachne Mahembea
- Thorell, 1868 Grasshoff, 1970 芒果蛛
- Artifex
- Mangora O.P.-Cambridge, 1889
- Scharff, 2009 Levi, 1997
- 曲腹蛛属 Mastophora Acroaspis
- Agelenatea
- Cyrtophora Mecynogea
- Simon, 1864 Simon, 1903
- Artonis 丘园蛛属 Megaraneus
- Lawrence, 1968 Deione
- Melychiopharis Simon, 1895
- [[Thorell, 1898
- 陈氏丘园蛛 Deione cheni Mi & Li, 2021
- Deione lingulata Han, Zhu & Levi, 2009
- Deione ovata Mi, Peng & Yin, 2010
- Deione renaria Mi, Peng & Yin, 2010
- Deione thoracica Thorell, 1898
- 杨氏丘园蛛 Deione yangi Mi & Li, 2021]] Simon, 1895
- Mesozygiella Penney & Ortuño, 2006
- Deliochus
- Metazygia Simon, 1894 F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
- Aculepeira Artonis
- Metepeira Cambridge, 1903
- Dolophones Micrathena
- Thorell, 1895 Walckenaer, 1837 Sundevall, 1833
- Micrepeira
- Schenkel, 1953 Alenatea
- Dubiepeira Micropoltys
- Levi, 1991 Kulczynski, 1911 米洛蛛属
- Aspidolasius Milonia
- [[Thorell, 1890
- 双斑米洛蛛 Milonia gemella Mi & Li, 2021]] Edricus
- Simon, 1895 Tullgren, 1910 Karsch, 1878
- Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 Song & Zhu, 1999 Simon, 1887
- O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1890 Wunderlich, 2011
- Miraraneus Wunderlich, 2004
- Enacrosoma
- Mirometa Mello-Leitão, 1932 Petrunkevitch, 1963
- Atea
- Molinaranea Mello-Leitão, 1940
- Encyosaccus Nemoscolus
- Koch, 1837 Simon, 1895 Simon, 1895
- Nemosinga
- 吊叶蛛属 Allocyclosa
- Eoaraneus Nemospiza
- Wunderlich, 2004 Simon, 1903
- Augusta Neogea
- Levi, 1983 Eochorizopes 新园蛛属
- Neoscona Levi, 1999 O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1877
- Wunderlich, 2008 Simon, 1864
- Nephila Leach, 1815
- Eonephila
- Nephilengys Wunderlich, 2004 L.Koch, 1872
- Acusilas
- Austracantha Nephilingis
- Kuntner, 2013 Eozygiella
- Nicolepeira Dahl, 1914 Wunderlich, 2004
- Levi, 2001
- Novakiella Court & Forster, 1993 Alpaida
- Epeiroides
- Novaranea Keyserling, 1885 Court & Forster, 1988
- Backobourkia 转刺蛛属
- Nuctenea Simon, 1864 Eriophora
- Simon, 1895 O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1889
- Framenau, Dupérré, Blackledge & Vink, 2010 Simon, 1864 Simon, 1879
- 毛圆蛛属 Ocrepeira
- Marx, 1883 Eriovixia
- Ordgarius Archer, 1951
- Keyserling, 1886
- Bararaneus Palaeonephila
- Wunderlich, 2004 Eustacesia
- Palaeopachygnatha Wunderlich, 2004 Caporiacco, 1954
- Petrunkevitch, 1922
- Paralarinia Acrosomoides
- Amazonepeira
- Eustala Paraplectana
- Simon, 1895 Brito Capello, 1867
- Bertrana Paraplectanoides
- Keyserling, 1886 Eustaloides
- Pararaneus Levi, 1989 Keyserling, 1884
- Petrunkevitch, 1942 Caporiacco, 1940
- Paraverrucosa Mello-Leitão, 1939
- Exechocentrus
- Parawixia Simon, 1889 F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904
- Aethriscus Caerostris
- Parmatergus Emerit, 1994
- Faradja Pasilobus
- Thorell, 1868 Grasshoff, 1970 Simon, 1895
- Perilla
- Thorell, 1895 Anepeira
- Fossilaraneus Pherenice
- Wunderlich, 1988 Thorell, 1899
- Carepalxis Phonognatha
- Simon, 1894 Friula
- Simon, 1887 Pocock, 1902 Wunderlich, 2004
- L.Koch, 1872 O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 Simon, 1895
- 普园蛛属 Plebs
- Joseph & Framenau, 2012 Galaporella
- F.O.P.-Cambridge Poecilarcys
- Zilla Levi, 2009
- Simon, 1895 Simon, 1895
- Wixia 阿园蛛属
- Celaenia Poecilopachys
- F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 McCook, 1888
- Simon, 1895 Ursa
- Gasteracantha Dahl, 1914
- Togacantha Thorellina Poltys
- Thorell, 1868 Sundevall, 1833
- C.L.Koch, 1843 Dunlop & Jekel, 2008 Testudinaria
- Taczanowski, 1879
- Popperaneus
- Levi, 1995 Talthybia
- Anepsion
- Gastroxya 脊园蛛属 Simon, 1893
- Levi, 1995 Spilasma Porcataraneus
- C.L.Koch, 1836 Benoit, 1962
- Mi & Peng, 2011 Singa Sedasta
- Wunderlich, 1988
- Cercidia Pozonia
- Pycnacantha
- Schenkel, 1953 Strand, 1916 Pseudartonis
- Gea
- Schenkel, 1936 O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 Prasonica
- Strand, 1929 Thorell, 1869 C.L.Koch, 1843
- Simon, 1895 Caporiacco, 1947
- Cabra-García & Hormiga, 2020
- Pitharatus Prasonicella
- Grasshoff, 1970 Oarces
- Grasshoff, 1971 Minutunguis 壮头蛛属
- Geratonephila Holmberg, 1876
- Macracantha Pronoides
- Hypsacantha Poinar, 2012
- Geratonephila burmanica Poinar, 2012[7]
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十字园蛛
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这科的蜘蛛种类非常多，大小不一，但都有八简单眼
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ Penney, D.; Ortuño, V. M. Oldest true orb-weaving spider (Araneae: Araneidae). Biology letters. 2006, 2 (3): 447–450. ISSN 1744-9561. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0506.
- ^ Magalhaes, I. L. F.; Azevedo, G. H. F.; Michalik, P.; Ramírez, M. J. The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic. Biological Reviews. 2020, 95: 184–217 [2020-11-09]. ISSN 1464-7931. doi:10.1111/brv.12559. （原始内容存档于2020-11-09）.
- ^ Araneidae 园蛛科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），台湾生物多样性信息入口网Taibi，中央研究院生物多样性研究中心，2016-03-16
- ^ Araneidae园蛛科 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆），TaiBNET，中央研究院生物多样性研究中心，2016-03-16
- ^ R.C. Cheng & I.M. Tso. Signaling by decorating webs: luring prey or deterring predators?. Behavioral Ecology. 2007-09, 18: 1085–1091. （原始内容存档于2012-07-11）.
- ^ Araneidae. GBIF. [2022-08-26]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-13）.
- ^ George Poinar Jr. & Ron Buckley. 2012. Predatory behaviour of the social orb-weaver spider, Geratonephila burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Araneae: Nephilidae) with its wasp prey, Cascoscelio incassus n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology, vol. 24, issue 5; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2011.640399
- ^ Juan Pablo Jordán, Mariela Domínguez-Trujillo and Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia. 2021. Phylogenetic Placement of the Spider Genus Taczanowskia (Araneae: Araneidae) and Description of A New Species from Ecuador. Invertebrate Systematics. 35(7); 742-753. DOI: 10.1071/IS20084
- ^ David R. Díaz-Guevara, Mauricio Macías-Tulcán, William Galvis. 2024. Taczanowskia yasuni new species: A New enigmatic Species of Spider (Araneidae) from the Ecuadorian Amazon canopy. Zootaxa. 5397(2); 295-300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5397.2.11
Module:Taxonbar第160行Lua错误：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)