蛙属
（重定向自蛙屬）
| 赤蛙属File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
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| File:Rana aurora Fern Canyon.jpg | |
| 红腿蛙 Rana aurora | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
| 纲： | 两栖纲 Amphibia |
| 目： | 无尾目 Anura |
| 科： | 蛙科 Ranidae |
| 属： | 蛙属 Rana Linnaeus, 1758 |
| 种 | |
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参见内文 | |
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| 异名 | |
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蛙属（台湾作赤蛙屬，又称林蛙属，学名：Rana）是赤蛙科的一个属，分布于欧亚大陆、北美洲、中美洲及南美洲北部。很多其他的属以往都包括在内。[1][2]
一般赤蛙属的体形颇大，腰部幼长及皱皮。大部分的背部隆起，但却没有蟾蜍的疣。它们的脚幼长，善于跳跃。后肢上的蹼令它们在水中可以灵活的运动。它们背部一般呈绿色及褐色，有深色及黄色的斑点。一些蛙类（如：箭毒蛙）身上有鲜艳的色彩，用做警告敌人：‘我有毒。’
赤蛙属很多时都在初春繁殖，而生活在亚热带及热带的物种全年都会繁殖。很多雄蛙都会叫，但有一些却不会发声。雌蛙会一排排或球状式产卵，每次可以产达2万颗。
分类[编辑]
赤蛙属目前有约90个物种，但其分类则仍有争议[2][3][4]。2006年，Frost等人将本属的部分物种划为独立属别，但后来2016年Yuan等人的研究认为这样的分类会使其他属成为并系群，为了维持本属的单系性，建议使用亚属代替提升为属级的做法[5]。
目前已自立的属有拇棘蛙属（Babina）、Clinotarsus、腺蛙属（Glandirana）、Hydrophylax、水蛙属（Hylarana）、臭蛙属（Odorrana）、侧褶蛙属（Pelophylax）[6]、琴蛙属(Nidirana)[7]、Pulchrana、Sanguirana及Sylvirana。当中臭蛙属是赤蛙属的近亲，有可能重置于赤蛙属中。[1][2]
系统分类学[编辑]
本分类树依照Yuan等人于2016年的论文绘制[8]：
| 蛙属 Rana |
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物种[编辑]
截止2022年1月14日，根据 Amphibian Species of the World 中的记录本属包含55种：[9]
- Hu et Ye, 1978 Rana coerulea 韩国林蛙
- Okada, 1928 Rana culaiensis
- Tschudi, 1838 Rana dabieshanensis 捷蛙
- Bonaparte, 1840，别名：''Rana dalmatina'' Fitzinger, 1838 Rana daorum 加州红腿蛙
- Baird et Girard, 1852 Rana dybowskii
- Burchell, 1824 Boulenger, 1891
- Rana huanrenensis Boulenger, 1879 意大利林蛙
- Rana japonica Yan, Jiang, Chen, Fang, Jin, Li, Wang, Murphy, Che et Zhang, 2011 越南趾沟蛙
- Rana kauffeldi Matsui, 2011 京都林蛙
- Rana lenca Boulenger, 1879 栾川林蛙
- Rana luteiventris Boulenger, 1885 Linnaeus, 1758
- Rana mitrata 根羽林蛙 Werner, 1903
- Rana pirica 希尔卡尼亚林蛙 Serra-Cobo, 1993
- Rana sangzhiensis 内华达黄腿林蛙 Okada, 1928
- Rana temporaria 冲绳林蛙 Kalm[20]
- Rana zhengi 黑龙江林蛙 [21]
- Eiselt et Schmidtler, 1971 梭德氏赤蛙 郑氏林蛙
- Rana amurensis Houttuyn, 1787
- Rana neba Matsui, 1991
- Rana pseudodalmatina 黔江林蛙 Boulenger, 1886
- Rana sierrae 太行林蛙 Linnaeus, 1758
- Rana ulma 绿林蛙 Zhao, 1999
- Rana zhenhaiensis 田野林蛙 寒露林蛙
- Rana hmongorum Fei, Ye et Huang, 1990 Rana arvalis
- Rana italica Boulenger, 1879 九岭山林蛙
- Nilsson, 1842 Feinberg, Newman, Watkins-Colwell, Schlesinger, Zarate, Curry, Shaffer & Burger, 2014 [14] 高原林蛙
- Rana kyoto 中亚林蛙 长脚赤蛙
- Rana luanchuanensis Thompson, 1913 Rana asiatica
- Rana matsuoi Bedriaga, 1898 Ryuzaki, Hasegawa et Kuramoto, 2014[18]
- 红腿蛙 Rana aurora
- Rana qianjiang Baird et Girard, 1852 Camp, 1917
- 对马赤蛙 Rana bacboensis
- Rana viridis Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana bacboensis (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名 镇海林蛙
- Rana banaorum Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana banaorum (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
- 黄腿蛙 Rana boylii Baird, 1854
- 卡斯廸蛙 Rana cascadae Slater, 1939
- 昭觉林蛙 Rana chaochiaoensis Liu, 1946
- 中国林蛙 Rana chensinensis David, 1875
- 峰斑蛙 Rana chevronta
- Houttuyn, 1787 Rana coreana 徂徕林蛙
- Li, Lu et Li, 2008 Rana cultripes 大别山林蛙
- [[Wang, Qian, Zhang, Guo, Pan, Wu, Wang et Zhang, 2017[11]]] Rana dalmatina
- [[Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Amolops daorum (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名]] Rana draytonii 东北林蛙
- Günther, 1876 Rana fasciata 希腊林蛙
- Rana hanluica Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana jingdongensis Fei, Ye & Li, 2001的异名 休格利蛙
- Rana iriodes Dubois, 1987 借母溪林蛙
- Rana jiulingensis Smith, 1921 琉球林蛙
- Rana kukunoris Eto, Matsui et Sugahara, 2022 拉塔斯蛙
- Rana longicrus Zhao et Yuan, 2017[16] 高加索林蛙
- Rana maoershanensis Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana morafkai (Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003)的异名
- Rana omeimontis Zweifel, 1954
- Rana pusilla 流田子蛙 Boulenger, 1909
- Rana tabaca 塔瓦斯林蛙 Stejneger, 1907
- Rana verrucosa 武夷林蛙 Ye, Fei et Matsui, 1995
- Liu, 1950 Garsault, 1764
- Rana virescens Rana pyrenaica
- Matsui, 2011 Matsui, 2014
- Shen, 1986，桑植趾沟蛙，为 Pseudorana sangzhiensis (Shen, 1986)的异名 Rana tsushimensis
- 林蛙 桑植蛙 Rana tagoi
- [[[19]]] Rana taihangensis Lu, Li et Jiang, 2007
- Rana megatympanum 黄腿山蛙 Ye et Fei, 1993
- Rana parvipalmata 斑点赤蛙 (Owen, 1847)
- Rana sakuraii 胫腺蛙 Bain & Nguyen, 2004[13]，为Odorrana tiannanensis (Yang & Li, 1980)的异名
- Rana tavasensis Houttuyn, 1787
- Rana wuyiensis 织金林蛙 Rana sauteri
- Rana graeca Shen, Jiang et Yang, 2007[12] 桓仁林蛙
- Rana iberica Bain & Nguyen, 2004[13]，为Amolops iriodes (Bain & Nguyen, 2004)的异名 日本林蛙
- Rana jiemuxiensis Wan, Lyu et Wang, 2020
- Rana kobai Nikolskii, 1918
- Rana latastei Stejneger, 1898 哥伦比亚斑点蛙
- Rana macrocnemis Bain, Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Ho, 2003[10]，为Odorrana tiannanensis (Yang & Li, 1980)的异名
- Rana muscosa 山赤蛙 López-Seoane, 1885
- Rana pretiosa 比利牛斯林蛙 Matsui et Matsui, 1990，樱井蛙
- Rana shuchinae 田子蛙 Baran et Atatür, 1986
- Rana uenoi Wu, Shi, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Hoang, Wu et Wang, 2021
- Rana zhijinensis Baird et Girard, 1853 Rana pliocenica
- 北海道林蛙 Houttuyn, 1787 Rana papillosa
- Rana ornativentris 峨眉林蛙 Camp, 1917
- Rana morafkai
- [[Eto & Matsui, 2023[17]]] Rana marginata 猫儿山林蛙
- [[Luque-Montes, Austin, Weinfurther, Wilson, Hofmann & Townsend, 2018[15]]] Rana johnsi
参考[编辑]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cai, Hong-xia; Che, Jing, Pang, Jun-feng; Zhao, Er-mi & Zhang, Ya-ping. Paraphyly of Chinese Amolops (Anura, Ranidae) and phylogenetic position of the rare Chinese frog, Amolops tormotus (PDF). Zootaxa. 2007, 1531: 49–55 [2008-10-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-07-19）.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stuart, Bryan L. The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2008, 46 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016.
- ↑ Hillis, D.M. & Wilcox, T.P. Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana) (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2005, 34 (2): 299–314 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.007. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2008-05-28）.
- ↑ Hillis, D. M. Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2007, 42: 331–338 [2008-10-14]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.001. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-09-27）.
- ↑ Yuan, Zhi-yong; Zhou, Weiwei; Chen, Xin; Poyarkov, Nikolay; Chen, Hong-man; Jang-Liaw, Nian-Hong; Chou, Wen-Hao; Matzke, Nicholas; Iizuka, Koji. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-06-10, 65: syw055 [2018-12-31]. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始内容存档于2019-08-23）.
- ↑ Dubois, A. & A. Ohler, A. Frogs of the subgenus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Anura, genus Rana): a catalogue of available and valid scientific names, with comments on the name-bearing types, complete synonymies. proposed common names, and maps showing all type localities. Zoologica Poloniae. 1995, 39 (3-4): 139–204.
- ↑ Yuan, Zhiyong; Chen, Jinmin; Wu, Yunhe; Li, Xianqi; Che, Jing. Revision of the list of amphibian species in Yunnan Province. Biodiversity Science. 2022-04-20, 30 (4): 21470. doi:10.17520/biods.2021470.
- ↑ Che, Jing; Hillis, David M.; Cannatella, David C.; Zhang, Ya-Ping; Kuzmin, Sergius L.; Min, Mi-Sook; Iizuka, Koji; Matzke, Nicholas J.; Chou, Wen-Hao. Spatiotemporal Diversification of the True Frogs (Genus Rana): A Historical Framework for a Widely Studied Group of Model Organisms. Systematic Biology. 2016-09-01, 65 (5): 824–842 [2019-04-04]. ISSN 1063-5157. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syw055. （原始内容存档于2020-06-23） （English）.
- ↑ Darrel Frost. 2022. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (2022-01-14). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Ranidae/Rana （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Bain, R.H., A. Lathrop, R.W. Murphy, N. Orlov, and T.C. Ho. 2003. Cryptic species of a cascade frog from southeast Asia: taxonomic revisions and descriptions of six new species. American Museum Novitates. 3417: 1–60.
- ↑ Chencheng Wang, Lifu Qian, Chenling Zhang, Weibo Guo, Tao Pan, Jun Wu, Hui Wang and Baowei Zhang. 2017. A New Species of Rana from the Dabie Mountains in eastern China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys. 724: 135-153. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.724.19383
- ↑ 沈猷慧,江建平,杨道德.中国林蛙属(无尾目:蛙科)一新种——寒露林蛙Rana hanluica sp. nov[J].Current Zoology, 2007, 53(3):481-488.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2007.03.011.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Raoul H. Bain and Nguyen Quang Trong. 2004. Herpetofaunal Diversity of Ha Giang Province in Northeastern Vietnam, with Descriptions of Two New Species. American Museum Novitates. 3453
- ↑ Jeremy A. Feinberg, Catherine E. Newman, Gregory J. Watkins-Colwell, Matthew D. Schlesinger, Brian Zarate, Brian R. Curry, H. Bradley Shaffer and Joanna Burger. 2014. Cryptic Diversity in Metropolis: Confirmation of a New Leopard Frog Species (Anura: Ranidae) from New York City and Surrounding Atlantic Coast Regions. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (10): e108213 DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108213
- ↑ Ileana Luque-Montes, James D. Austin, Kayla D. Weinfurther, Larry David Wilson, Erich P. Hofmann and Josiah H. Townsend. 2018. An Integrative Assessment of the Taxonomic Status of Putative Hybrid Leopard Frogs (Anura: Ranidae) from the Chortís Highlands of Central America, with Description of A New Species. Systematics and Biodiversity. In Press. DOI 10.1080/14772000.2017.1415232
- ↑ Zhao, H.P., Yang, J.X., Wang, C.P., Li, P.P., Murphy R.W., Che, J. and Yuan, Z.Y., 2017. A new species of the genus Rana from Henan, central China (Anura, Ranidae). ZooKeys, (694), 95–108.
- ↑ Koshiro Eto and Masafumi Matsui. 2023. A New Brown Frog from the Goto Islands, Japan with Taxonomic Revision on the Subspecific Relationships of Rana tagoi (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Current Herpetology. 42(2): 191-209. DOI: 10.5358/hsj.42.191
- ↑ Masashi Ryuzaki, Yoshinori Hasegawa and Mitsuru Kuramoto. 2014. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana from Japan (Anura: Ranidae) revealed by Cytological and Bioacoustic Studies. Alytes. 31(3-4); 49-58.
- ↑ SHEN H. J., XU M. Y., YANG X. Y., CHEN Z., XIAO N. W., CHEN X. H. A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana (Anura, Ranidae) from North China, with a Taxonomic Revision of the R. chensinensis Species Group. Asian Herpetol Res, 2022, 13(3): 145–158. DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.210062
- ↑ Irving, Hardesty. The number and arrangement of the fibers forming the spinal nerves of the frog (Rana virescens)[J]. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1899.
- ↑ Shasha Yan,Qingqing He,Tao Luo, et al. Description of a new species of the genus Rana (Anura: Ranidae) from western Guizhou, China, integrating morphological and molecular genetic data[J]. Zoological Systematics, 2022, 47(4): 275-292.
外部链接[编辑]
- AmphibiaWeb （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Frost, Darrel R. (2006): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Version 4, 2006-AUG-17.
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