山茶属
（重定向自茶花）
| 山茶属File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Camellia sinensis - tea - from-DC1.jpg | |
| 茶树（Camellia sinensis） | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真双子叶植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊类植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 杜鹃花目 Ericales |
| 科： | 山茶科 Theaceae |
| 族： | 山茶族 Theeae |
| 属： | 山茶属 Camellia L., 1753 |
| 模式种 | |
| 山茶花 Camellia japonica L., 1753
| |
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山茶属（学名：Camellia），或称茶属，是山茶科的一大属。品种约有200余种。主要分布中国的长江以南至云南及越南等东亚与东南亚地区。其中的茶树产茶叶，许多种也可以做观赏植物[1]。
属名Camellia为纪念耶稣会传教士乔治·约瑟夫·卡梅尔（1667-1706）而命名。
物种[编辑]
根据世界植物在线数据库的记录，本属目前包含以下224种：[2]
- Camellia albata
- Camellia amplexifolia 安龙瘤果茶 Camellia bidoupensis
- Camellia decora
- Camellia pyriparva Orel & Curry Camellia honbaensis
- Orel Curry & Luu Luu Q.D.Nguyen & G.Tran
- Z.R.XuF.P.Chen & C.Y.Deng
- Camellia quangcuongii Camellia chinmeiae
- Camellia hongiaoensis Camellia reflexa
- Orel & Curry Orel & Curry Camellia dilinhensis
- 香港红山茶 Camellia renshanxiangiae C.X.Ye & X.Q.Zheng
- Camellia hongkongensis Truong Luong & Tran S.L.Lee & T.Y.A.Yang
- Ninh & V.D.Luong Seem. Lindl.
- 皱果茶 贵州金花茶 Camellia rhytidocarpa
- Camellia huana
- Camellia rosacea T.L.Ming & W.J.Zhang Tagane Soulad. & Yahara
- 薄叶金花茶 Camellia discorsa
- Camellia rosiflora Hook. Camellia huulungensis
- Orel & Curry Rosmann & Ninh
- Ninh 川萼连蕊茶 Camellia anlungensis
- Camellia chrysanthoides
- Camellia ilicifolia 喙果金花茶 Camellia rostrata
- Y.K.Li S.X.Yang & S.F.Chai[5] Camellia dongnaicensis
- Camellia rotundata Chang et Yu，接受名为：厚轴茶 Camellia crassicolumna
- Camellia illia Hung T.Chang
- Orel Orel & Curry Ninh & Hakoda
- 柳叶毛蕊茶 凹脉金花茶 Camellia salicifolia
- Camellia impressinervis 怒江红山茶
- Camellia saluenensis Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang Camellia brevistaminata
- Camellia dormoyana 中越山茶
- Camellia sasanqua Thunb. Camellia indochinensis
- (Pierre)Sealy Merr.
- Orel & Curry 老挝茶
- Camellia sealyana Camellia columna
- Camellia ingens 南山茶 Camellia semiserrata
- Orel & Curry C.W.Chi Camellia drupifera
- Camellia septempetala Merr. & Chun
- Hung T.Chang Orel & Curry Orel & Curry
- Lour. Orel & Curry T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar
- 茶树 Camellia sinensis
- Camellia × intermedia
- Camellia sonthaiensis (Tuyama) Nagam. Luu V.D.Luong,Q.D.Nguyen & T.Q.T.Nguyen
- Camellia duyana
- Camellia stellata Orel & Curry Camellia inusitata
- 五室连蕊茶 Orel Curry & Luu Orel Curry & Luu
- Sealy 全缘红山茶 山茶花
- 短柱茶 Camellia compacta 尖萼红山茶
- Camellia japonica Camellia suddeeana
- L. D.Wei Zhao[6] Camellia edithae
- Camellia synaptica Sealy
- Camellia kirinoi 半宿萼茶 Orel & Curry
- Hance Ninh C.W.Chi
- 思茅短蕊茶 落瓣短柱茶 Camellia szemaoensis
- Camellia kissii 大厂茶
- Camellia tachangensis Camellia brevistyla
- Camellia elizabethae
- Camellia tadungensis Orel Curry & Luu Camellia krempfii
- 大理茶 Orel & Curry (Gagnep.)Sealy
- (W.W.Sm.)Melch. 大姚短柱茶 广西茶
- Camellia tenii Camellia concinna 长管连蕊茶
- Camellia kwangsiensis Camellia thailandica
- Hung T.Chang Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren Camellia elongata
- 管蕊茶 Camellia thanxaensa Hakoda & Kirino
- Camellia lanceolata (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart Orel & Curry
- (Rehder & E.H.Wilson)Rehder (Blume)Seem. V.D.Luong A.Le & T.L.Nguyen
- Camellia tienyenensis
- Camellia langbianensis
- Camellia tomentosa (Gagnep.)P.H.Hô Orel & Curry
- 泰国管蕊茶 Camellia erubescens
- Camellia tonkinensis (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart Camellia laotica
- 阿里山连蕊茶 Orel & Curry (Gagnep.)T.L.Ming
- (Hayata)Cohen-Stuart Camellia amplexicaulis
- Camellia annamensis Camellia connata
- Camellia latifolia
- Camellia triquetra Orel & Curry Orel & Curry
- Camellia euphlebia 四川毛蕊茶 Camellia tsaii
- Hu Camellia lawii 金屏连蕊茶
- (Craib)Craib Merr. ex Sealy, 1949 Sealy
- Hu 瘤果茶 膜叶茶
- Camellia tuberculata 显脉金花茶 Camellia leptophylla
- Camellia tuyenquangensis S.Ye Liang ex Hung T.Chang
- Camellia bugiamapensis Camellia euphlebia
- Camellia uraku Kitam.
- Camellia ligustrina Merr.ex Sealy
- Orel Curry & Luu V.D. Luong & V.T. Pham[7]
- 长萼连蕊茶 Camellia venusta Camellia corallina
- 柃叶连蕊茶 Camellia longicalyx 小果毛蕊茶
- Camellia villicarpa Hung T.Chang S.S.Chien
- Camellia euryoides Camellia viridicalyx
- Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang N.S.Lý, V.D.Lương, N.Đ.Đỗ, T.H.Lê & T.L.Nguyễn[3] Orel Curry,Luu & Q.D.Nguyen
- (Gagnep.)Sealy Lindl. Orel & Luu
- Orel & Curry 长柄山茶
- Camellia vuquangensis Camellia longipedicellata
- 滇缅离蕊茶 Camellia wardii (Hu)Hung T.Chang & D.Fang
- Kobuski 心叶毛蕊茶 Camellia exigua
- 超长柄茶 Camellia wilkesiana Orel & Curry
- Camellia longissima 武鸣金花茶 Orel & Curry
- Hung T.Chang & S.YeLiang S.Ye Liang & C.R.Fu ex Hai L.Chen[8] 黄花短蕊茶
- Camellia cordifolia
- 防城茶 Camellia lucii
- Camellia yokdonensis Orel & Curry Dungbis & Hakoda
- Camellia fangchengensis Camellia yunnanensis
- (Pit. ex Diels)Cohen-Stuart Camellia luongii
- (F.P.Metcalf)Nakai S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong Ninh & Le
- S.X.Yang 紫金短柱茶
- Camellia zijinica Camellia lutchuensis
- Camellia anderseniae 大萼毛蕊茶 Camellia campanulata
- 突肋茶 Camellia fansipanensis 云南管蕊茶
- Camellia luteocalpandria J.M.H.Shaw Wynn-Jones & V.D.Nguyen S.X.Yang & E.D.Liu
- Camellia costata 簇蕊金花茶
- Camellia luteocerata Orel Camellia fascicularis
- 小黄花茶 Camellia luteoflora OrelCurry & Luu
- S.Y.Hu & S.Y.Liang Hung T.Chang Y.K.Li ex Hung T.Chang & F.A.Zeng
- Camellia luteonerva
- Orel & Curry 贵州连蕊茶 Camellia flava
- Camellia luteopallida (Pit.)Sealy
- V.D.Luong T.Q.T.Nguyen & Luu Camellia assimiloides 白毛蕊茶
- Camellia costei 淡黄金花茶 Camellia maiana
- Orel Camellia flavida 毛蕊红山茶
- Camellia mairei H.Lév. Hung T.Chang
- (H.Lév.)Melch. 牦牛山山茶
- Camellia maoniushanensis J.L.Liu & Q.Luo Camellia candida
- 红皮糙果茶 Camellia fleuryi
- Camellia megasepala (A.Chev.)Sealy Hung T.Chang & Trin Ninh
- 广东毛蕊茶 Camellia crapnelliana
- Camellia melliana Hand.-Mazz. Camellia flosculora
- 小花金花茶 Orel & Curry (Pit.)Cohen-Stuart
- Orel Sealy HungT.Chang
- Tutcher Curry V.S.Le,T.Q.Cuong & V.D.Luong S.Ye Liang & Y.C.Zhong
- 弥勒糙果茶 窄叶短柱茶 Camellia mileensis
- T.L.Ming 厚轴茶 Camellia fluviatilis
- 富宁金花茶 Camellia mingii Hand.-Mazz.
- S.X.Yang
- Camellia crassicolumna Camellia minima
- Orel & Curry Camellia foleyana
- Camellia mollis HungT.Chang Orel & Curry
- Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren 蒙自连蕊茶
- Camellia montana 五室金花茶 Camellia capitata
- 厚柄连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii
- Camellia multigemma (Diels)Cohen-Stuart Orel & Curry
- Camellia crassipes
- Camellia murauchii Ninh & Hakoda Camellia fragilis
- Camellia namkadingensis Orel Curry & Luu
- Sealy Orel & Curry Soulad. & Tagane
- 毛柄连蕊茶 Camellia nematodea
- (Gagnep.)Sealy Camellia fraterna
- Camellia nervosa Hance
- (Gagnep.)Hung T.Chang Camellia aurea
- Camellia crassiphylla
- Camellia ngheanensis N.D.DoV.D.Luong,N.S.Lý,T.H.Lê & D.H.Nguyễn Camellia fulva
- Camellia ninhii Ninh & Hakoda
- Orel & Curry V.D.Luong & Le
- 糙果茶 Camellia oconoriana Orel Curry & Luu
- Camellia cattienensis Camellia furfuracea
- 油茶 Camellia oleifera (Merr.)Cohen-Stuart
- C.Abel 厚短蕊茶 Camellia crassisepala
- 硬叶糙果茶 Camellia pachyandra Hu
- Camellia gaudichaudii Hung T.Chang
- Orel Orel & Curry (Gagnep.)Sealy
- Orel & Curry 细花短蕊茶
- Camellia parviflora Merr. & ChunexSealy
- Camellia gilbertii 小瘤果茶 Camellia parvimuricata
- (A.Chev.)Sealy Hung T.Chang
- 长尾毛蕊茶 Camellia cuongiana 秃助连蕊茶
- Camellia parvula Orel & Curry Camellia glabricostata
- 腺叶离蕊茶 Camellia paucipunctata Orel & Curry
- T.L.Ming (Merr. & Chun)Chun
- Camellia pentagonalema 抱茎短蕊茶
- Camellia andrefrancisii 假大头茶 Camellia caudata
- 滇南连蕊茶 Camellia gracilipes 四季花金花茶
- Camellia perpetua Merr.ex Sealy S. Ye Liang & L. D. Huang
- 金花茶 Camellia cupiformis 大苞茶
- Camellia petelotii (Merr.)Sealy Camellia grandibracteata
- Camellia phanii Wall.
- T.L.Ming Hung T.Chang,Y.J.Tan,F.L.Yu & P.S.Wang Hakoda & Ninh
- 大苞山茶 Camellia philippinensis
- Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren Camellia granthamiana
- 毛籽离蕊茶 Camellia pilosperma Sealy
- S.Yun Liang Camellia azalea 浙江红山茶
- Camellia curryana 长瓣短柱茶 Camellia pingguoensis
- D.Fang Camellia grijsii
- Camellia piquetiana Orel & Luu Hance
- (Pierre)Sealy 秃房茶
- Camellia pirifructa Orel & Curry Camellia chekiangoleosa
- 尖连蕊茶 Camellia gymnogyna 西南红山茶
- Camellia pitardii M.Lin, Q.L.Ye & Q.Fan, 2024[9] Hung T.Chang
- Cohen-Stuart Camellia zhaiana 五柱滇山茶
- K.M.Feng & L.S.Xie Camellia xanthochroma
- Camellia cuspidata 海南油茶 Camellia pleurocarpa
- Camellia wumingensis V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
- (Gagnep.)Sealy Camellia viscosa
- Camellia hainanica 多齿红山茶 绿萼连蕊茶
- Orel & Curry Orel & Curry C.F.Wei
- Hu (Kochs)Bean Y.L.Zhao & Z.G.Xu
- F.C.How ex Hu Camellia vanlangensis 单体红山茶
- V.D.Luong Le & Ninh S.S.Chien
- Camellia tsingpienensis Camellia proensis
- 云南连蕊茶 (Rehder)S.S.Chien Camellia trichoclada
- V.D.Luong Dudkin & V.H.Quach 毛枝连蕊茶
- Camellia harlandii Camellia transarisanensis
- 东京金花茶 Orel & Curry Camellia psilocarpa
- Camellia thuongiana Orel & Curry
- X.G.Shi & C.X.Ye Sealy
- Camellia taliensis 毛叶茶
- Camellia dalatensis Camellia ptilophylla
- F.S.Zhang Hung T.Chang
- HungT.Chang Camellia szechuanensis
- Camellia hatinhensis P.C.Huang
- Camellia subintegra Camellia stuartiana Camellia pubicosta
- V.D.Luong Ninh & Hakoda V.D.Luong Ninh & L.T.Nguyen
- Merr. (L.)Kuntze，茶 Camellia siangensis
- 毛糙果茶 Hung T.Chang & L.L.Qi
- 七瓣连蕊茶 河口超长柄茶 Camellia pubifurfuracea
- T.L.Ming Camellia scabrosa 茶梅
- Camellia cherryana 德保金花茶
- Camellia hekouensis 毛瓣金花茶 StapfexBean
- Champ. Camellia rubriflora Camellia pubipetala
- 圆基茶 Hand.-Mazz. C.J.Wang & G.S.Fan
- Y.Wan & S.Z.Huang Camellia rosthorniana Camellia rosmannii
- 玫瑰连蕊茶 HungT.Chang & S.YeLiang
- Camellia debaoensis 冬红短柱茶 Camellia puhoatensis
- Camellia reticulata 滇山茶
- N.S.Lý V.D.Luong,T.H.Lê,D.H.Nguyễn & N.D.Do L.V.Dung S.T.Hoang & Nhan Camellia pyxidiacea
- Camellia hiemalis
- (Kochs)Cohen-Stuart Wall. Camellia pukhangensis
- Orel R.C.Hu & Y.Q.Liu fu, 2019[4] Nakai
- N.D.Do V.D.Luong,S.T.Hoang & T.H.Lê (Blanco)Hung T.Chang & S.X.Ren
- 平果金花茶 Y.C.Zhong
- Camellia polyodonta Camellia pulchella
- Orel & Curry Camellia pallida
- Orel & Curry Camellia micrantha
- Camellia hirsuta 斑枝毛蕊茶 T.Itô
- Camellia longii Camellia punctata
- Camellia insularis 冬青叶山茶 Hakoda & Ninh
品种[编辑]
山茶属植物具有重要的经济价值，茶叶是世界三大植物饮料之一；茶花是中国十大名花，深受世界各国人民的喜爱；油茶还是一种优良的木本油料植物。根据世界山茶属植物品种数据库的记录，世界范围内1253年至2023年的茶花、茶叶、茶油品种有26,087种[10][11]。
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008: 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
- ^ Camellia L.. Plants of the World Online. The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. n.d. [2022-11-13]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）.
- ^ Ngọc-Sâm Lý, Văn-Dũng Lương, Thị-Hương Lê, Ngọc-Đài Đỗ, Ninh TRẦN, Anh-Đức Nguyễn, Thị-Liễu Nguyễn, Chiyomi Uematsu and Hironori Katayama. 2022. Camellia annamensis (Theaceae), A New Species from central Vietnam. Taiwania. 67(2); 243-249 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2022.67.243
- ^ Hu, Renchuan,Wei, Sujuan,Liufu, Yongqing,et al. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China[J]. PHYTOKEYS,2019(135):49-58.
- ^ Zhen-Wen Liu, Sheng-Feng Chai, Fang-Yuan Wu, Pin-Ming Ye, Chang-Jie Jiang, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Xiang-Qin Yu, Jin-Lin Ma and Shi-Xiong Yang. 2020. Camellia rostrata, A New Species of Yellow Camellias from Southwest China. Phytotaxa. 459(1); 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.459.1.6
- ^ Dongwei Zhao. 2023. Camellia suddeeana (Theaceae), A New Species from Thailand. Phytotaxa. 594(3); 232-236. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.594.3.7，http://Researchgate.net/publication/370328018_Camellia_suddeeana_a_new_species_from_Thailand
- ^ Ngoc Bon Trinh, Van Dung Luong, Nguyet Hai Ninh Le and Van The Pham. 2023. Camellia vanlangensis (Theaceae, Sect. Archecamellia), A New Yellow-flowered Species from Vietnam. Taiwania. 68(4); 465-471. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1965
- ^ Hai-Ling Chen, Su-Juan Wei, Shao-Qing Tang and Yan Liu. 2023. Camellia wumingensis (Theaceae), A neglected Species from Guangxi, China. Taiwania. 68(4); 472-479. taiwania.ntu.edu.tw/abstract/1966
- ^ Min Lin, Qin-Liang Ye, Zhi-Jian Zhang, Wen-Bo Liao and Qiang Fan. 2024. Camellia zijinica (Theaceae), A New Species endemic to Danxia Landscape from Guangdong Province, China. PhytoKeys. 237: 245-255. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.237.114768
- ^ International Camellia Register-Camellia,Cultivars,Species,Photos. camellia.iflora.cn. [2023-02-11]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-11）.
- ^ Wang, Yanan; Zhuang, Huifu; Shen, Yunguang; Wang, Yuhua; Wang, Zhonglang. The Dataset of Camellia Cultivars Names in the World. Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021-01-19, 9 [2023-02-11]. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC 7838149 可免费查阅. PMID 33519266. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e61646. （原始内容存档于2023-02-11）.
延伸阅读[编辑]
Module:Wikisource_further_reading第46行Lua错误：attempt to concatenate local 'id' (a nil value)
外部连接[编辑]
- The International Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The American Camellia Society （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- The Southeastern Camellia Society
- Website with many Camellia illustrations from European and Japanese Camellia Books
- First Public Camellia Show （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） historical marker
Module:ResolveEntityId第13行Lua错误：attempt to call field 'isValidEntityId' (a nil value)