英国人

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英国人
File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg
英国国旗
总人口
File:Map of the British Diaspora in the World.svg
分布地区
美国
  • 109,531,643[B][3][4]
  • 678,000[C][5]
澳大利亚
  • 19,301,379[B][6][7]
  • 1,300,000[D][8]
加拿大
新西兰
南非
  • 1,603,575[B][13]
  • 212,000[D][8]
法国400,000[D][14]
西班牙297,229[D][15][16]
爱尔兰岛291,000[D][8]
阿根廷270,000[B][17][18][19]
阿拉伯联合酋长国240,000[C][20]
德国115,000[C][21]
语言
英语
宗教信仰
依传统为基督教（圣公宗、长老宗、天主教、循道宗），参见英国宗教
注释
  1. ^ 为英国公民，归属种族、族群不尽相同。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 指在该国出生，自认具有英国血统的人士，程度不一。
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 出生在英国，仅认同英国血统的人士。
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 英国公民或国民。

英国人（英语：British people, Brits）是指持有英国国籍的人或英国公民。 不列颠人（Britons）最初是指原居于不列颠群岛的凯尔特人，后为盎格鲁撒克逊人所使用而转为大不列颠岛上的盎格鲁撒克逊人及其后代。

虽然英国人的早期主张可以追溯到中世纪晚期，但1603年的王室联盟和1707年大不列颠王国的建立引发了英国的民族认同感。 18世纪和19世纪初，英国与法国发生了几次全球冲突，形成了英国性和共同的英国身份认同，并在维多利亚时代进一步发展。 英国形成的复杂历史在大不列颠和爱尔兰创造了一种“特殊的民族意识和归属感”； 英国性变得“叠加在更古老的身份之上”，即英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰文化，其独特性仍然抵制同质化英国身份的概念。 由于长期存在的种族教派分歧，英国人在北爱尔兰的身份认同存在争议，但联合主义者对此深信不疑。

现代英国人的后裔主要来自11世纪及之前在英国定居的各种族群：史前不列颠人、罗马人、盎格鲁-撒克逊人、北欧人和诺曼人。 不列颠群岛的进步政治统一促进了中世纪晚期、现代早期及以后英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士人民之间的移民、文化和语言交流以及通婚。 自1922年及更早以来，来自现在的爱尔兰共和国、英联邦、欧洲大陆和其他地方的人们一直移民到英国； 他们和他们的后代大多是英国公民，其中一些人具有英国双重身份，其中包括英国黑人和亚裔英国人，他们合计约占英国人口的10%。

英国是一个多元化、多民族、多文化和多语言的国家，具有“强烈的地方口音、表达方式和身份认同”。自19世纪以来，英国的社会结构发生了翻天覆地的变化，宗教信仰的衰落、中产阶级的扩大和种族多样性的增加，特别是自1950年代以来，大英帝国的公民被鼓励移民到英国，作为二战后恢复工作的一部分。

英国人口约6600万，约1.4亿英国侨民集中在美国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰，少数集中在爱尔兰共和国、智利、南非和加勒比地区。

参考文献[编辑]

  1. ^ Richards, Eric. Britannia's Children: Emigration from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland Since 1600. London: A&C Black. 2004-05-14: 3–4 (2004) [2020-11-02]. ISBN 9781852854416. （原始内容存档于2023-09-28）. [...] even the basic outline of the diaspora remains vague. It was never a controlled movement and it was mostly poorly documented. Migrants are always difficult to categorise and to count. [...] The scale of the modern British dispersion has been estimated at about 200 million, [...] or, counting those who can claim descent from British and Irish emigrants, more than three times the current population of the British Isles. 
  2. ^ Population By Country of Birth and Nationality tables January 2013 to December 2013 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2015-04-07.. Retrieved 04_11_2014
  3. ^ 2020 United States census results for Americans identifying with full or partial 'English', 'Scottish', 'Welsh', 'Manx', 'Channel Islander', 'Scotch Irish', 'Irish' and 'American' ancestry. Demographers have noted that a large portion of Americans of British descent have a tendency to simply identify as 'American' since 1980.Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 (PDF). Dominic Pulera. Sharing the Dream: White Males in Multicultural America. A&C Black. 2004: 57–60. ISBN 978-0-8264-1643-8.  A majority of Americans identifying as 'Irish' are of Ulster Scots descent.Carroll, Michael P. How the Irish Became Protestant in America. Religion and American Culture（英语：Religion and American Culture） (University of California Press). Winter 2006, 16 (1): 25–54. JSTOR 10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25. S2CID 145240474. doi:10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.25. 
  4. ^ Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census. United States census. 2023-09-21 [2024-01-02]. 
  5. ^ Brits Abroad: Country-by-country, BBC News, 2006-12-11 [2009-05-24], （原始内容存档于2013-04-08） 
  6. ^ 2021 Australian census（英语：2021 Australian census） results for estimated number of Australians of Anglo-Celtic descent. Includes Australians who identified their ancestry as part of the 'North-Western European' ancestry group or as 'Australian'. At least 88% of Australians within the North-Western European ancestry group identified with at least one Anglo-Celtic ancestry.Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021 (XLSX). Australian Bureau of Statistics. [2022-07-28].  The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most people nominating 'Australian' ancestry have at least partial Anglo-Celtic（英语：Anglo-Celtic Australian） European ancestry.Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article). 1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 1995 (Australian Bureau of Statistics). 
  7. ^ Census of Population and Housing: Cultural diversity data summary, 2021 (XLSX). Australian Bureau of Statistics. [2022-07-28]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Brits Abroad, BBC News, 2006-12-11 [2009-04-13], （原始内容存档于2020-11-30） 
  9. ^ 2021 Canadian census results for Canadians identifying with full or partial British Isles, English-speaking 'Canadian', 'American', 'Australian', 'New Zealander', 'Albertan', 'British Columbian', 'Cape Bretoner', 'Manitoban', 'New Brunswicker', 'Nova Scotian', 'Prince Edward Islander', 'Saskatchewanian' and 'United Empire Loyalist' ancestry. According to Statistics Canada, many of those identifying with North American ancestries such as 'Canadian' are of British descent. Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables. statcan.gc.ca. 2017-10-25. 
  10. ^ Canada Census
  11. ^ New Zealanders of European descent, the vast majority of whom are estimated to have some British ancestry.Country Profile: New Zealand. 2008-05-14 [2021-11-03]. （原始内容存档于2008-05-14）. 
  12. ^ 2018 Census totals by topic – national highlights. Stats NZ. 2019-09-23 [2019-12-12]. （原始内容存档于2019-09-23）. 
  13. ^ Census 2011: Census in brief (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012: 26. ISBN 9780621413885. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2015-05-13）.  The number of people who described themselves as white in terms of population group and specified their first language as English in South Africa's 2011 Census was 1,603,575. The total white population with a first language specified was 4,461,409 and the total population was 51,770,560.
  14. ^ Erwin Dopf. Présentation du Royaume-Uni. diplomatie.gouv.fr. [2014-04-08]. （原始内容存档于2016-05-29）. 
  15. ^ TablaPx. ine.es. [2017-05-22]. （原始内容存档于2017-05-25）. 
  16. ^ Govan, Fiona. End to Mediterranean dream for 90,000 Britons who left Spain last year需要付费订阅. The Daily Telegraph. 2014-04-22. （原始内容存档于2022-01-11）. 
  17. ^ 150th anniversary of Welsh voyage to Patagonia. ITV. 2015-05-30. The community still exists in Argentina today, with a population of more than 70,000. 
  18. ^ Gilchrist, Jim. Stories of Homecoming – We're on the march with Argentina's Scots. The Scotsman. 2008-12-14 [2024-06-18]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-22）. 
  19. ^ Chavez, Lydia, Fare of the country: A bit of Britain in Argentina, The New York Times, 1985-06-23 [2009-05-21], （原始内容存档于2020-12-12） 
  20. ^ The other special relationship: the UAE and the UK. The National. Abu Dhabi. 2010-11-21 [2014-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2017-06-28）. 
  21. ^ The most popular British emigration destinations, local.live.com, 2007-04-13 [2009-05-24], （原始内容存档于2006-07-14） 
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