肢口纲
（重定向自肢口纲）
| 肢口纲File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Limule(dD).jpg | |
| 美洲鲎 Limulus polyphemus | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 演化支： | 蛛形类 Arachnomorpha |
| 亚门： | 螯肢亚门 Chelicerata |
| 演化支： | 真螯肢类 Euchelicerata |
| 演化支： | 头胸足类 Prosomapoda |
| 纲： | 肢口纲 Merostomata Woodward, 1866 |
| 目 | |
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肢口纲（学名：Merostomata）是一纲水生的螯肢亚门，其下包括了鲎。现存的肢口纲只剩一个剑尾目4个物种，分别为中华鲎、南方鲎、美洲鲎、圆尾鲎，但有大量主要属于古生代的化石物种。
肢口纲是螯肢亚门之中唯一拥有复眼的，而蛛形纲则失去了节肢动物祖先发展完好的侧前复眼。
史前的板足鲎纲（Eurypterida）曾被归类为本纲之下的一个亚纲，但后来被许多学者认为更接近蛛形纲，因而将板足鲎纲分出去独立成为一纲，与蛛形纲另组成硬器类（Sclerophorata）或Cryptopneustida。[2][3]
词源[编辑]
肢口纲的学名“Merostomata”是从希腊文 μηρός（meros，“大腿”）和στόμα（stoma，“口”）组合而来，因本纲动物的口器附近拥有附肢而得名。
下属分类[编辑]
本纲包括以下目：[4]
- 剑尾目 Xiphosurida
- Adelophthalmidae Bunodidae
- Euproopidae
- Eurypteridae
- Hardieopteridae
- [[]] Heteroaspididae
- [[]] Carcinosomatidae
- Heterolimulidae 希氏鲎科
- [[]]
- Hughmilleriidae
- [[]] Jaekelopteridae
- [[]] Chasmataspidae
- Kokomopteridae
- Slimoniidae Lanarkopteridae
- [[]]
- Laurieopteridae
- [[]]
- Liomesaspidae Cyrtoctenidae
- Liomesaspididae
- [[]]
- Mixopteridae
- Moravuridae Brachyopterellidae Diploaspididae
- Moselopteridae
- [[]]
- Parastylonuridae
- Pterygotidae Dolichopteridae
- Rhenopteridae
- [[]]
- Stylonuridae
- Weinberginidae Drepanopteridae
- Woodwardopteridae
- [[]]
- [[]] Mycteropidae
- [[]] Erieopteridae
- Megalograptidae
- [[]] Hibbertopteridae
- Bunaia
- Moore, Briggs, Braddy & Shultz, 2011 Caragassia
- Hong, 1985 Chasmataspis
- Ruedemann, 1935 Cyamocephalus
- [[Briggs, Siveter, Siveter, Sutton, Garwood & Legg, 2012
- Dibasterium durgae[5]]] Dickinsonia
- Packard, 1885 Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
- Eocarcinsoma Matthew, 1889
- Gdowia Pruvost, 1924
- Hastimima Stormer, 1972
- Ikeyia Vologdin, 1965
- Lagrandella Miller, 1982
- Nahlyostaspis Malz & Poschmann, 1993
- Parka Novozhilov, 1958
- Pseudostylonurus Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013
- Stylonarus Fortey & Rushton, 2003
- Aglaspidichnus
- Marshall, Lamsdell, Shpinev & Braddy, 2013 Onychopterella
- Fleming, 1864 Permolimulinella
- Radwanksi & Roniewicz, 1967 Sanctacarus
- Page, 1856 Syntomopterus
- Elmocephalus
- Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964 Anderella Exoculatus
- Yanishevsky, 1950 Moore, McKenzie & Lieberman, 2007
- Seward, 1909 侯氏翅鲎属 Hypatocephala
- Kioeria
- Eldredge, 1974 Anthraconectes Limulites
- Meek & Worthen, 1868 Størmer, 1951
- Baltoeurypterus Psammonlimulus
- Størmer, 1973
- Beaumontia Truncatiramus
- David, 1928 Belinuropsis
- Matthew, 1909 Bembicosoma
- Laurie, 1900 Bembycosoma
- Laurie, 1900 Bifarius
- Tasch, 1961 Borchgrevinkium
- Novojilov, 1958 Brachopterella
- Clarke, 1920 Camanchia
- Vologdin, 1965 Carbonolimulus
- Caster & Brooks, 1956 Curviramus
- Currie, 1927 Dibasterium
- Tasch, 1963 Dipeltis
- Elleria Tasch, 1964
- Eusarcus Pirozhnikov, 1966
- Grossopterus Meyer, 1844
- Holmipterus Tasch, 1961
- Kasibelinurus Størmer, 1933
- Legrandella
- Eller, 1938 Orcanopterus
- Selden & Drygant, 1987 Pincombella
- Hesselbo, 1988 Selenichnites
- Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966 Thurandina
- Withers, 1933 Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
- Tremaglaspis Polystomurum
- Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961 Tetlie, 2007
- Xie & Xie, 1989 Stylonuroides
- Skrytyaspis
- Bailey, 1858 Steropis Eldredge, 1974
- Mazonipterus Stott, Tetlie, Braddy, Nowlan, Glasser & Devereux, 2005
- Parahughmillera Chapman, 1932
- Pseudoniscus Romano & Whyte, 1990
- Strongylocephalus Stormer, 1974
- Willwerathia Raaschichnus
- Dvulikiaspis Raymond, 1944
- Eurypterella Grote & Pitt, 1875
- Glaucodes Størmer, 1935
- Heteroaspis Kjellesvig-Waering, 1979
- Iyaia Pickett, 1993
- Laurieopterus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1963
- Neolimulus Kjellesvig-Waering, 1961
- Pentlandopterus Nieszkowski, 1859
- Rutroclypeus Tasch, 1961
- Syntomopterella Stormer, 1969
- Tasch, 1963 Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013 Pasternakevia
- Lamsdell, Hosgör & Selden, 2013 Paraeurypterus
- Palatinaspis Woodward, 1868
- Neobelinuropsis
- Krueger, 1823 Limulicubichnus
- Vologdin, 1965 Habcyne
注记[编辑]
- ↑ Lamsdell, James C.; Isotalo, Phillip A.; Rudkin, David M.; Martin, Markus J. A new species of the Ordovician horseshoe crab Lunataspis. Geological Magazine. October 2022: 1–5. ISSN 0016-7568. doi:10.1017/S0016756822000875 可免费查阅 （English）.
- ↑ Boudreaux H. B. Arthropod phylogeny with special reference to insects. New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto: John Willey & sons. 1979: 320 pp.
- ↑ Weygoldt, P. & Paulus, H.F. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie, Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Chelicerata. Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 1979, 17: 85–116, 177–200.
- ↑ Merostomata. GBIF. [2023-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2022-08-19）.
- ↑ Eric Gershon, Dibasterium durgae • Silurian horseshoe crab illuminates the evolution of arthropod limbs
参考资料[编辑]
石川良辅编‘节足动物の多様性と系统’,(2008),バイオディバーシティ・シリーズ6(裳华房)
外部链接[编辑]
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