摇蚊科
（重定向自紅蟲）
| 摇蚊科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Chironomus plumosus01.jpg | |
| 羽摇蚊（Chironomus plumosus） | |
| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 双翅目 Diptera |
| 亚目： | 长角亚目 Nematocera |
| 下目： | 蚊下目 Culicomorpha |
| 总科： | 摇蚊总科 Chironomoidea |
| 科： | 摇蚊科 Chironomidae Erichson, 1841 |
| 属 | |
|
共223个 | |
| 异名 | |
|
Tendipedidae | |
摇蚊科（学名：Chironomidae）泛称摇蚊（chironomids，lake flies），是双翅目摇蚊总科之下的一个科，常被称为“不咬人的蚊子”，广泛分布于世界各地[1]。已描述的种类超过6000种[2][3]。其成虫停落时，前足通常举起且不停摇动，故而得名。
生活史[编辑]
摇蚊属完全变态的昆虫，其生命周期分卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫四部分；一年繁殖1～2代。卵、幼虫和蛹生活在水中，成虫营空中生活。
摇蚊幼虫可生活在各种水体中，以淡水湖泊和河流的水体底部或水生植物间为多。摇蚊幼虫是经济鱼类的重要饵料，也是摇蚊的越冬虫态。摇蚊幼虫俗称“红筋虫”、“红虫”，由于其血液中含有血红素，所以全身呈红色，不过也有些品种呈绿色或黄色。
摇蚊成虫体型比家蚊更纤细，口器退化，无上颚，不刺吸血液，只能摄取植物汁液。
分布[编辑]
摇蚊的幼虫主要生活在淡水环境中，少数种类在陆地或咸水中生存。摇蚊幼虫广泛分布于各种湖泊、坑塘、沼泽、临时水体、河流、溪流和瀑布等。据统计，摇蚊幼虫的数量约占水体底栖动物的50%[1]。
下级分类[编辑]
本科包括以下属：[4]
- Aagaardia Kieffer, 1908 Diplosmittia
- Kieffer, 1922 Djalmabastica
- Fittkau, 1968 Doithrix
- Kieffer, 1911 Dolichopelma
- Skuse, 1889 Doncricotopus
- Saether & Halvorsen, 1981 Dryadontanytarsus
- Dungeyella
- Cranston, 2000 Edwardsidia
- Keiffer Einfeldia
- Kalugina, 1980 Elpiscladius
- Kieffer, 1918 Endochironomus
- Lenz, 1955 Endotribelos
- Evenhuis, 1994 Eonandeva
- Rohdendorf, 1964 Eoprocladius
- Epoicocladius
- Matsumura, 1917 Eraniella
- Kellogg, 1900 Eudactylocladius
- Lukashevich & Przhiboro, 2015 Eukiefferiella
- Wulp, 1874 Euryhapsis
- Freeman, 1962 Eutanytarsus
- Fissimentum
- Karunakaran, 1969 Fleuria
- Seredszus & Wichard, 2009 Fournieria
- Sæther, 1976 Friederia
- Baranov, Goral & Ross, 2017 Furvitendipes
- Hong, 1981 Georthocladius
- Lukashevich, 2020 Gillotia
- Kalugina, 1993 Glyptotendipes
- Fittkau, 1965 Goetghebueria
- Goetghebuer, 1928 Gravatamberus
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Gripekovenia
- Roque & Trivinho-Strixino, 2003 Gujaratomyia
- Gurvanomyia
- Fittkau, 1962 Guvanomyia
- Edwards, 1932，也拼作 Gymnometriocnemis Gymnometriocnemus
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Gynocladius
- Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008 Hahayusurika
- Halocladius
- Thienemann Halotanytarsus
- Ree, 1992 Hanocladius
- Kieffer, 1921 Harrisius
- Freeman, 1956 Hayesomyia
- Gouin, 1943 Sæther, 2000
- Heptagyia
- Spärck, 1923 Heterotrissocladius
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Hexatanytarsus
- Tokunaga, 1959 Hintelmanniella
- Hirosimayusurika
- Roback, 1982 Holtedahlia
- Hong, 1995 Hudsonimyia
- Goetghebuer, 1936 Hulstaertulus
- 水摇蚊属 Fries, 1830 Hydrosmittia
- Reiss, 1982 Ichthyocladius
- Sasa & Suzuki, 1999 Ikisecundus
- Freeman, 1961 Indoaxarus
- Chaudhuri & Bhattacharyay, 1989 Indoclavitarsus
- Langton & Cobo, 1997 Ionthosmittia
- Irisobrillia
- Kieffer, 1909 Isoplasus
- Meunier, 1899 Jurochlus
- Evenhuis, 1994 Jururumberus
- Makarchenko, 1987 Kamelopelopia
- Boothroyd, 1999 Kiefferophyes
- Goetghebuer, 1922 Kloosia
- Kieffer, 1908 Krenopelopia
- Reiss, 1969 Krenosmittia
- Kribiobius
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribiocladius
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribiocryptus
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribiodosis
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribiomimus
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribiopelma
- Kieffer, 1921 Kribioxenus
- Sasa & Ogata, 1999 Kuschelius
- Shilova, 2001 Labrundinia
- Lukashevich & Przhiboro, 2018 Lappodiamesa
- Tuiskunen, 1986 Lapposmittia
- Fittkau, 1962 Larsia
- Kieffer, 1924 Latitendipes
- Oliveira, da Messias & da
- Thienemann & Bause, 1913 Lebanorthocladius
- Harrison, 1970 Lepidopodus
- Andersen & Sæther, 1993 Liaotendipes
- Hong, 1982 Libanochlites
- Veltz et al., 2007 Libanopelopia
- Brundin, 1966
- Linevitshia Shilova, 1961
- Litocladius
- Lobomyia Sæther & Andersen, 1993
- Lundstroemiella Kieffer, 1924
- Lymnophyes Mendes & Andersen, 2008
- Mailonia Kalugina, 1980
- Mapucheptagyia
- Maurius Andersen & Mendes, 2012
- Meigen Roback, 1971
- Mesopelopia Roback, 1971
- Metriocnemis Van der Wulp, 1874
- Microchironomus Kieffer, 1925
- Microtendipes Seguy, 1965
- Molleriella Sasa & Suzuki, 1997
- Monodiamesa
- Myanmaro Roback, 1982
- Nanocladius Booth, 1994
- Natvigia Soponis, 1987
- Neostempellina Goetghebuer, 1941
- Nidnurbia Kieffer, 1921
- Nilotanypus Abiskomyia
- Nomochirus
- Nubensia Enderlein, 1912
- Okinawayusurika Zorina, 2007
- Oliveridia Townes, 1945
- Oreadomyia Fasbender, 2020
- Ortroya Lin, 1980
- Oukuriella Rodendorf, 1964
- Pagastiella
- Palaeocentron
- Paraboreochlus Freeman, 1961
- Parachasmatonotus
- Paraclunio Brundin, 1956
- Paradoxocladius Brundin, 1966
- Paralimnophyes Fittkau, 1962
- Parapelopia Stur, Fittkau & da Silva Serrano, 2006
- Parapotthasttia Reiss, 1969
- Parartrichocladius
- Paratanypus
- Paratrissocladius Enderlein, 1912
- Paucispinigera Cranston & Krosch, 2011
- Pelopia Meigen, 1800
- Edwards, 1937 Pentaneurella Kieffer, 1913
- Phaenopsectra Ferrington & Sæther, 1995
- Pirara Sublette, 1970
- Ploegia Brundin, 1966
- Podonomopsis Philippi, 1865
- 多足摇蚊属 Pontomyia Munier-Chalmas, 1901
- Prochironomus
- Propsilocerus
- Protanytarsus Johannsen, 1907
- Protobibio (Deby, 1899)
- Pseudhydrobaenus Niitsuma, 1991
- 假摇蚊属 Pseudocricotopus Goetghebuer, 1939
- Pseudosmittia Sublette, 1966
- Qiniella Fittkau & Murray, 1985
- Reissmesa Roback, 1987
- Rheocricotopus Laville & Reiss, 1988
- Rheotanytarsus Edwards, 1931
- Robackia Jackson, 1977
- Saetherocryptus Andersen & Mendes, 2007
- Sasacricotopus Makarchenko, 1993
- Sendelia Meunier, 1899
- 无突摇蚊属 Sasa & Suzuki, 2000
- Shinanoyasurika Kalugina, 1986
- Siolimyia Freeman, 1961
- Spaniotoma Hong, 2002
- Stelechomyia Thienemann & Bause, 1913
- 狭摇蚊属 Stenocladius
- Stictotendipes Rossaro, 1979
- Sublettea Sæther, 1983
- Sympotthastia Kieffer, 1918
- Synorthocladius
- Tanytarsus Trivinho-Strixino, da Silva & de Oliveira, 2013
- Telmatogeton Fittkau, 1962
- Tendipopsis
- Thalassomya (Schiner, 1856)
- Thienemanniella Fittkau, 1957
- Tinactum
- Tokunagaia Sasa, 1978
- Tonnoirocladius Kalugina, 1985
- Toyamayusurika Townes, 1945
- Trichosmittia Kieffer, 1906
- Trissocladius Kieffer, 1923
- Tsudayusurika Ablabesmyia
- Wiedenbrug & Trivinho-Strixino, 2009 Ulaimailia
- Vivacricotopus
- Kieffer, 1921 Xestochironomus
- Sasa & Suzuki, 2000 Yaesecundus
- Cranston, 2017 Zavrelia
- Krasheninnikov, 2019 Zuluchironomus Johannsen, 1905
- Acalcarella Shilova, 1955
- Acamptocladius Brundin, 1956
- Acinoretracus Epler, Harrison & Hare, 1999
- Acricotopus Kieffer, 1921
- Acutiforcipia Seredszus & Wichard, 2009
- Aedokritus
- Aenne Ansorge, 1999
- Afrochlus
- Kalugina, 1985 Unniella
- Schnell & Saether, 1988 Wuelkerella
- Freeman, 1964 Xylochironomus
- Sasa & Suzuki, 2000 Yaethauma
- Kieffer, 1913 Zavrelimyia
- Harrison, 2000 Afrozavrelia Harrison, 2004
- Agurayusurika
- Ainuyusurika Sasa & Shirasaka, 1988
- Allocladius
- Allometriocnemus Freeman, 1961
- Allotrissocladius Freeman, 1964
- Alotanypus Roback, 1971
- Amazonimyia
- Amberaspinus Evenhuis, 1994
- Amblycladius Kieffer, 1923
- Lindebergia
- Makarchenko, 1987 Amnihayesomyia Lithotanytarsus
- Mendes, Andersen & Sæther, 2004 Niitsuma, 2007
- Niitsuma, 2007 Lunditendipes
- Lutetialestes
- Amphismittia Madachironomus
- Kalugina, 1985 马诺亚摇蚊属 Kawai, Okamoto & Imabayashi, 2002
- Willassen Maryella
- Megacentron
- Anaphrotenia Mesocricotopus
- Kalugina, 1985 Brundin, 1983
- Micotendipes
- Micropsectra
- Anatopynia Mogsonomus
- Saether & Ekrem, 1999 Johannsen, 1905
- Kieffer, 1922 Murraycladius
- Nandeva
- Kieffer, 1913 Ancylocladius Natarsia
- Kieffer, 1922 Sublette & Wirth, 1972
- Reiss, 1984 Nesiocladius
- Nilomyia
- Kieffer, 1923 Andamanus Ninelia
- Collado, 1926 Maheshwari & Maheshwari, 2001
- Spies, 2015 Okayamayusurika
- Oliveiriella
- Sæther, 1980 Anisinodus Ophryophorus
- Kevan & Cutten-Ali-Khan, 1975 Lukashevich, Przhiboro, Marchal-Papier & Grauvogel-Stamm, 2010
- Kieffer, 1921 Oshia
- Pagastia
- Brundin, 1949 Antillocladius Palaeoboreochlus
- Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich & Cranston, 2021 Sæther, 1981
- Thienemann, 1939 Parachaetocladius
- Paracladopelma
- Kieffer, 1911 Anuncotendipes Paradentipus
- Harrison, 2000 Cranston, 1999
- Brundin, 1956 Paranilothauma
- Paraphrotenia
- Anzacladius Parapsectrocladius
- Cranston, 2009
- Garrett, 1925 Paratrichocladius
- Parvitergum
- Freeman, 1959 Apedilum Pelomus
- Latreille, 1802 Townes, 1945
- Fittkau & Murray, 1983 Phaenopelma
- Phytotelmatocladius
- Boothroyd & Cranston Apelopia Plhudsonia
- Doitteau & Nel, 2007 Roback, 1971
- Brundin, 1966 Polypedilum
- Probolum
- Kieffer, 1909 Aphrotenia Prolipiniella
- Kieffer, 1923 Brundin, 1966
- Kieffer, 1921 Protobelgica
- Psectrotanypus
- Brèthes, 1913 Aphroteniella Pseudochironomus
- Nishida, 1987 Brundin, 1966
- Pterosis
- Reissia
- Ashe, 2000 Apometriocnemus Rheochlus
- Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932 Sæther, 1984
- Thienemann & Bause, 1913 Riethia
- Saetherocladius
- Andersen & Mendes, 2007 Apsectrotanypus Saetherops
- Kobayashi & Sæther, 1999 Fittkau, 1962
- Duisburg, 1868 Sergentia
- Shilovia
- Sasa & Hirabayashi, 1991 Araucania Sinoryctochlus
- Fittkau, 1968 Brundin, 1966
- Philippi, 1865 Stackelbergina
- Stenochironomus
- Kieffer, 1918 Archaeochlus Stictocladius
- Lenz, 1937 Brundin, 1966
- Roback, 1975 Symbiocladius
- Synoricotopus
- Thienemann, 1935 Archistempellina Tanypus
- Van Der Wulp Gilka & Zakrzewska, 2013
- Schiner, 1866 Tempisquitoneura
- Tethymyia
- Schiner, 1856 Arctodiamesa Thienemannia
- Makarchenko, 1983
- Lin, 1980 Tokunagaia
- Tonegayusurika
- Cranston, 2007 Arctomyia Townsia
- Sasa & Kawai, 1987 Lundström, 1915
- Yamamoto, 1999 Tripelma
- Trondia
- Sasa, 1985 Arctopelopia Uirassubrillia
- Fittkau, 1962 Sæther, 1982
- Arctosmittia Xenopelopia
- Zelentsov, 2006 Cranston, 2006
- Asachironomus Yuasaiella
- Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990 Kittkau
- Asclerina Reiss, 1968
- Asheum Sublette & Sublette, 1983
- Asiatendipes Hong, 2002
- Asuba Giebel, 1856
- Australopelopia Cranston, 2000
- Austrobrillia Freeman, 1961
- Austrochlus Cranston, 2002
- Austrocladius Freeman, 1961
- Axarus Roback
- Baeoctenus Sæther, 1976
- Baeotendipes Kieffer, 1913
- Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch, 2011
- Bavarismittia Saether, 1995
- Beardius Reiss & Sublette, 1985
- Beckidia Saether, 1979
- Beifangiitendipes
- Beifangitendipes Hong, 2002
- Belgica Jacobs, 1900
- Benthalia Lipina, 1939
- Bernhardia Datta & Chaudhuri, 1992
- Bethbilbeckia
- Bethbilbekia Fittkau & Murray, 1988
- Bibionites Handlirsch, 1906
- Bilyjomyia Niitsuma & Watson, 2009
- Biwatendipes Tokunaga, 1965
- Boreochlus Edwards, 1938
- Boreoheptagyia Brundin, 1966
- Boreosmittia Tuiskunen, 1986
- Botryocladius Cranston & Edward, 1999
- Brachypogon
- Branchiurus Viviani, 1805
- Brillia Kieffer, 1913
- Brundiniella Roback, 1978
- Brunieria Kieffer, 1921
- Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934
- Buchonomyia Fittkau, 1955
- Burmeisteria Weyenbergh, 1886
- Burmochlus Giłka, Zakrzewska & Makarchenko, 2019
- Bythomyia Zhang, 1989
- Caaporangombera
- Caladomyia Sawedal, 1981
- Calotanypus Roback, 1971
- Campontia Johnston, 1828
- Camposia Reiss, 1972
- Camposimyia Reiss, 1981
- Camptochironomus Kieffer, 1914
- Camptochironomus Meigen, 1803
- Camptocladius
- Cantomyia
- Cantopelopia Roback, 1971
- Carbochironomus Reiss & Kirschbaum, 1990
- Cardiocladiuis
- Cardiocladius Keiffer
- Cardiocladius Kieffer, 1912
- Cataliptus Bezzi, 1916
- Catalipus
- Caulochironomus Heyn, 1993
- Cecidomium Westwood, 1854
- Cedrimyia Namayandeh & Hudson, 2022
- Chaetocladius Kieffer, 1911
- Chartocladius
- Chasmatonotoides Doitteau & Nel, 2007
- Chasmatonotus Loew, 1864
- Chaudhuriomyia
- Chernovskiia Saether, 1977
- Chilenomyia Brundin, 1983
- Chirocladius Picado, 1914
- Chironocesa Koçak & Kemal, 2008
- Chironomites Fritsch & Bayer, 1900
- Chironomopsis Handlirsch, 1906 摇蚊属
- Chironomus
- Chrysopelopia Harrison, 1978
- Cladopelma Kieffer, 1921
- Cladotanytarsus Kieffer, 1922
- Cladpelma
- Clavicornius Hong, 2002
- Clinochironomus Kieffer, 1921
- Clinocladius Sublette, 1970
- Clinotanypus Kieffer, 1913
- Clinotanytarsus Kieffer, 1923
- Clunio Haliday, 1855
- Coelochironoma Zhang et al., 1986
- Coelopynia Freeman, 1961
- Coelotanypus Kieffer, 1913
- Coffmania Hazra & Chaudhuri, 2000
- Collartomyia Goetghebuer, 1948
- Colosmittia Andersen & Sæther, 1993
- Compteromesa Sæther, 1981
- Compterosmittia Sæther, 1981
- Conchapelopia Fittkau, 1957
- Conochironomus Freeman, 1961
- Conocladius Kieffer, 1910
- Constempellina Brundin, 1947
- Corneliola Gilka & Zakrzewska, 2013
- Coronapelopia Cranston & Krosch, 2021
- Corynocera J.W.Zetterstedt, 1837 棒脉摇蚊属
- Corynoneura Winnertz, 1846
- Corynoneurella Brundin, 1949
- Corytibacladius Oliveira, Messias & Santos
- Cretadiamesa Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007
- Cretaenne Azar, Veltz & Nel, 2008
- Cretapelopia Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007
- Cretodiamesa Kalugina, 1976
- Cricotopiella Meunier, 1916 环足摇蚊属
- Cricotopus
- Crymaleomyia Ashe & O'Connor, 2000
- Cryptochironomus
- Cryptocladopelma
- Cryptotendipes Beck & Beck, 1969
- Cryptotendipes Lenz, 1941
- Ctenosciara
- Curvus Kaddumi, 2005
- Cyphomella Saether, 1977
- Dactylocladius Kieffer, 1906
- Daitoyusurika Sasa & Suzuki, 2001
- Dara Giebel, 1856
- Demeijerea
- Demicryptochironomus Lenz, 1941
- Demicryptochironomus Reiss, 1988
- Denopelopia Roback & Rutter, 1988
- Derotanypus Roback, 1971
- Diamesa Meigen, 1835
- Diamesa Walts, 1837 二叉摇蚊属
- Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913
- Didimiriforceps
- Diplocladius Sæther, 1981
- Ditanytarsus Fittkau, 1968
- Djalmabatista Sæther & Sublette, 1983
- Dolichocladius Kieffer, 1918
- Doloplastus Sæther, 1981
- Dratnalia
- Dryadotanytarsus Jarzembowski, Azar & Nel, 2008
- Echinocladius Sæther, 1990
- Einfeldia Kieffer, 1924
- Electrotenia Harrison & Cranston, 2007
- Endochironomus Lenz, 1922
- Endotendipes Grodhaus
- Eocenitendipes Gilka & Zakrzewska
- Eopodonomus Szadziewski et al., 2018
- Epiocladius Sulc & Zavrel, 1924
- Epotanytarsus Namayandeh, Ghaderi, Ghobari & Mohammadi, 2021
- Eretmoptera Thienemann, 1935
- Eugenodiamesa Thienemann, 1926
- Eurycnemus Oliver, 1981
- Eusmittia Bause, 1914
- Ferringtonia Cranston & Nolte, 1996
- Fittkauimyia Kieffer, 1924
- Flexicrus Kieffer, 1924
- Freemaniella Sæther & Andersen, 1998
- Furcobuchonomyia Hong, 2002
- Fushunitendipes Strenzke, 1941
- Gilkania Kieffer, 1921
- Glushkovella 雕翅摇蚊属
- Goeldichironomus Kieffer, 1921
- Graceus Mendes & Andersen, 2008
- Gressittius Kieffer, 1918
- Guassutanypus Giłka & Zakrzewska, 2018
- Gunmayusurika Kalugina, 1986
- Guttipelopia
- Gymnometriocnemus Goetghebeur, 1932
- Gynnidocladius Mendes, Sæther & Andrade-Morraye, 2005
- Haematotanypus Sasa & Suzuki, 1997
- Halirytus Hirvenoja, 1973
- Halocladius
- Hanochironomus Wang & Sæther, 2002
- Harnischia Freeman, 1959
- Harrisonina Murray & Fittkau, 1986
- Heleniella Goetghebuer, 1936
- Heplagyia Philippi, 1865
- Heterotanytarsus Spärck, 1923
- Hevelius Kieffer, 1921
- Himatendipes Baranov & Haug, 2021
- Hintelmenniella Sasa, Shimomura & Matsuo, 1991
- Holotanypus Kieffer, 1922
- Huabeitendipes
- Hulstaertiella Goetghebuer, 1948
- Hydrobaenus Ferrington & Sæther, 2011
- Hyporhygma Fittkau, 1974
- Ikiprimus Sasa & Suzuki, 1999
- Imparipecten Maheshwari & Maheshwari, 2001
- Indocladius Santokh, Singh & Kulshrestha
- Inermipupa Sæther & Andersen, 1995
- Iporangomberus Oliver, 1985
- Isocladius
- Jentzschiella Kalugina, 1985
- Juropelopia Mendes & Andersen, 2013
- Kaluginia Harrison, 1978
- Kaniwhaniwhanus Freeman, 1961
- Kiefferulus Kruseman, 1933
- Knepperia Fittkau, 1962
- Krenopsectra Thienemann & Krüger, 1939
- Kribibius Kieffer, 1921
- Kribiocallis Kieffer, 1923
- Kribiocosmus Kieffer, 1921
- Kribiodorum Kieffer, 1921
- Kribiodoxa Kieffer, 1921
- Kribiomyia Kieffer, 1921
- Kribiothauma Kieffer, 1921
- Kurobebrillia Sublette & Wirth, 1980
- Kuzinia Fittkau, 1962
- Langtonius Serra-Tosio, 1968
- Lappokiefferiella Thienemann, 1939
- Larsia Wiedemann, 1824
- Lasiodiamesa Hong, 2002
- Laurotanypus de Conceicao Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992
- Lauterborniella Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007
- Lepidopelopia Freeman, 1958
- Lerheimia Hong, 2002
- Liauningius Brundin, 1976
- Libanodiamesa Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007
- Libanorthocladius Limnophyes
- Tuiskunen, 1984 Lipurometriocnemus
- Thienemann, 1933 Lobochironomus
- Pagast, 1947 Lopescladius
- Harrison, 2000 Lunstroemia
- Macropelopia
- Andersen, 2016 Manoa
- Pagast, 1947 Maricladius
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Mecaorus
- Freeman, 1961 Mesoacentron
- Brundin, 1956 Mesosmittia
- da Silva, Neubern de Oliveira & Trivinho-Strixino, 2014 Miambera
- Micropelopia
- Kieffer, 1908 Miscellanea
- Kalugina, 1985 Mongolcladius
- Sasa & Suzuki, 1997 Monotanytarsus
- Ashe & O'Connor, 2007 Nakataia
- Wiedenbrug, Reiss & Fittkau, 1998 Nasuticladius
- Fittkau, 1962 Neobrillia
- Chaudhuri & Ghosh, 1981 Nepalia
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Nilodosis
- Kieffer, 1921 Nimbocera
- Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2004 Nostococladius
- Harrison, 1997 Odontomesa
- Sasa, 1989 Oleia
- Wiedenbrug & Fittkau, 1997 Onconeura
- Freeman, 1959 Ortho
- Wulp, 1874 Oryctochlus
- Pagastia
- Oliver, 1959 Paicheleria
- Baranov & Andersen, 2014 Palatovia
- Koçak & Kemal, 2008 Parachaetocladius
- Wülker, 1959 Paracladius
- Harnisch, 1923 Paracricotopus
- Parakiefferiella
- Lenz, 1941 Parametriocnemus
- Soponis, 1987 Paraphaenocladius
- Brundin, 1966 Parapsectrocladius
- Playa Paraskusella
- Strenzke, 1950 拟长跗摇蚊属 Paratendipes
- Santo-Abreu, 1918，也拼作''Paratrichlocladius'' Parorthocladius
- Freeman, 1961 Pebapomberus
- Reiss, 1989 Pelopiina
- Philippi, 1865 Petalocladius
- Kieffer, 1921 Phytochironomus
- Platysmittia
- Sæther, 1982 Podomopsis
- Kalugina, 1985 Pogonocladius
- Kieffer, 1912 Potthastia
- Prodiamesa
- Doitteau & Nel, 2007 Prosmittia
- Kieffer, 1906 Protiethia
- Séguy, 1965 Psectrocladius
- Kieffer, 1909 Pseudochasmatonotus
- Malloch, 1915 Pseudokiefferiella
- Goetghebuer, 1932 Psilometriocnemus
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Raphidocladius
- Brundin, 1981 Rhagosmittia
- Brundin, 1966 Rheopelopia
- Brundin, 1986 Rhopalocladius
- Kieffer, 1917 Saetheriella
- Saetheromyia
- Andersen & Mendes, 2007 Schineriella
- Sublette & Wirth, 1980 Seppia
- Kieffer, 1922 Shangomyia
- Makartshenko, 1989 Sinaspinus
- Zhang, 1991 Skutzia
- Holmgren, 1869 Spinorthocladius
- Shilova & Zelentsov, 1978 Stempellinella
- Kieffer, 1919 Stictochironomus
- Edwards, 1931 Stygocladius
- Kieffer, 1921 Sumatendipes
- Kieffer, 1925 Synendotendipes
- Tanypodites
- Tavastia
- Tuiskunen, 1985 Telopelopia
- Epler, 1995 Tenuigastrulus
- Wirth, 1949 Thalassosmittia
- Kieffer, 1909 Thienemanniola
- Tobachironomus
- Goetghebuer, 1932 Tokyobrillia
- Tosayusurika
- Sublette, 1966 Trichochilus
- Kieffer, 1906 Trichotendipes
- Kieffer, 1913 Tritanytarsus
- Ferrington & Saether, 2006 Tvetenia
- Kalugina, 1985 Usambaromyia
- Veltz, Azar & Nel, 2007 Wulpiella
- Harrison, 2000 Xylotopus
- Sasa, 1990 Yama
- Kieffer, 1920 Zelandochlus
- Kieffer, 1922 Ulaia
- Andersen & Sæther, 1994 Virgatanytarsus
- Kieffer, 1899 Xenotanytarsus
- Oliver Yaequintus
- Sublette & Martin, 1980 Zalutschia
- Brundin, 1966 Ziadeus
- Limaya Eaton, 1875
- Lipiniella Sæther, 1981
- Ljungneria Ryser, Wulker & Scholl, 1985
- Lobosmittia
- Lundstroemiola
- Lyrocladius Thienemann, 1916
- Manlayamyia Fittkau
- Manoa obscura Fittkau, 1963
- Manoa pahayokeensis Jacobsen & Perry, 2002
- Manoa tangae Andersen & Saether, 1997
- 仙居马诺亚摇蚊 Manoa xianjuensis Qi & Li, 2017[5]
- Mariambera Sublette, 1970
- Maximberus Sublette & Wirth, 1980
- Meropelopia Gilka, Zakrzewska, Lukashevich & Cranston, 2021
- Mesopelopia
- Metriocnemus Andersen & Mendes, 2012 小摇蚊属
- Microlenzia Thienemann & Zavrel, 1916
- Microzetia Zorina, 2000
- Mongolchironomus Sasa & Suzuki, 1997
- Monopelopia Kieffer, 1921
- Naelotanypus Sublette & Wirth, 1980 矮突摇蚊属
- Naonella Freeman, 1961
- Neelamia Kawai, 1991
- Neozavrelia Kieffer, 1911
- Nilodorum Kieffer, 1921
- Nilothauma Reiss, 1972
- Nonella Ashe & Murray, 1980
- Ochlus Pagast, 1947
- Olecryptotendipes Andersen & Mendes, 2007
- Omisus Andersen & Sæther, 2005
- Oropuella GenusA
- Orusa Kalugina, 1985
- Pachyuronympha Makarchenko, 2019
- Paggipelopia Azar & Nel, 2010
- Palaeotanypus Makarchenko & Semenchenko, 2020
- Paraborniella Freeman, 1964
- Parachironomus
- Paracricotopus Thienemann & Harnisch, 1932
- Paraheptagyia Thienemann, 1936
- Paramerina Goetghebuer, 1931
- Parapentaneura Thienemann, 1924
- Parapsectra Cranston, 2000
- Parasectra Cranston, 2018
- Paratanytarsus Kieffer, 1911，也拼作：Paratendipus
- Parochlus Thienemann, 1935
- Paulfreemania Mendes & Anderson, 2012
- Pelopia Statz, 1944
- Pentapedilum Sublette & Wirth, 1972
- Physoneura Kieffer, 1921
- Platycladius Saether, 1982
- Podochlus
- Podonomus Brundin, 1956
- Potamoceroides Kieffer, 1922
- Procladius Kieffer, 1906 裸须摇蚊属
- Prorietha Brundin, 1956
- Protenthes
- Psammathiomyia Kieffer, 1906
- Pseudobrillia Doitteau & Nel, 2007
- Pseudodiamesa Zavrel, 1941
- Psilochironomus Sæther, 1969
- Radotanypus Sæther, 1983
- Reomyia Ferrington & Saether, 2006 趋流摇蚊属
- Rheomus Fittkau, 1962
- Rhinocladius Kieffer, 1911
- Saetheria Halvorsen, 1982
- Saetherolabis Niitsuma, 2007
- Sasayusurika Murray & Fittkau, 1988
- Sendelia Ekrem & Sæther, 2000
- Setukoyusurika Sæther & Wang, 1993
- Shinlustia Hong, 2002
- Skusella Reiss, 1985
- Spinitendipes Doitteau & Nel, 2007
- Stempellina Brundin, 1947
- Sticochironomus Kieffer, 1919
- Stilocladius Moubayed-Breil, Ashe & Langton, 2012
- Sublettiella Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990
- Syndiamesa Grodhaus, 1987
- Tanyarsus Kalugina, 1985
- Tapajos Saether, 1992
- Telmatopelopia Roback, 1971
- Tendipus Hong, 2002
- Thalassomyia (Strenzke & Remmert, 1957) 提尼曼摇蚊属
- Thienemannimyia Kieffer, 1921
- Titimbera Kikuchi & Sasa, 1990
- Tokunagayusurika Kobayashi & Sasa, 1991
- Tophocladius Sasa, Suzuki & Sakai, 1998
- Tribelos Sæther, 1985
- Trichotanypus Guha, Das, Chaudhuri & Choudhuri, 1985
- Trissopelopia Kieffer, 1921
- Tusimayusurika Kalugina, 1985
- Ulaimailoniella Pinder, 1982
- Wirthiella Kieffer, 1921
- Xiaomyia Sasa & Suzuki, 2000
- Yaetertius Lipina, 1939
- Zavrelimyia Azar & Nel, 2010
- Sæther & Wang, 1993
- Zhouomyia Zelentsoviella
- Fittkau, 1962 Zavreliella
- Tokunaga, 1938
- Yarrhpelopia Yamamoto, Yamamoto & Tang, 2018
- Sasa & Suzuki, 2000 Yaetanytarsus
- Sasa & Suzuki, 2000 Yaequartus Yaeprimus
- Sæther & Wang, 1993 Xestotendipes
- Sublette & Wirth, 1972
- Fittkau, 1962 Xenochironomus
- Suárez & Sublette, 2012 Sublette, 1960 Wadelius
- Lin, 1980 Viduata
- Vertheia Kalugina, 1985
- Ulaimailonia
- Mendes, Andersen & Pinho, 2013 Ubatubaneura
- Sasa & Suzuki, 1999 Kieffer, 1908 Trichocladius
- Saether, 1973 Thienimanniella
- Hong & Wang, 1990 Tavastia
- Pagast, 1947 Stylotanytarsus
- (Reiss) Smittia
- Sergentina
- Semiocladius Saether, 1977
- Rheosmittia Wang & Sæther, 1998
- Pseudorthocladius Rodendorf, 1946
- Protanypus Edwards, 1926
- Podonomius Kieffer, 1921
- Pentaneura
- Zavrel, 1937 Parasmittia
- Roback, 1971 Paralauterborniella
- Doitteau & Nel, 2007 Pamirocesa
- Epler, 1986,2013 Orthocladius
- Sasa & Hasegawa, 1988 Notocladius
- Kieffer, 1921 Sawedal, 1982 Neopodonomus
- Giłka, Makarchenko, Pankowski & Zakrzewska, 2019 Mongolyusurika
- Kieffer, 1918 Metapelopia
- Lehmann, 1981 Maoridiamesa
- Kieffer, 1923 Lobodiamesa
- Henrardia
生态与应用[编辑]
由于摇蚊幼虫对淡水水质变化敏感，常被视为监测淡水资源的重要指标生物[1]。摇蚊幼虫能够消除水体中的有机物污染并促进有机物的矿化；然而由于摇蚊繁殖能力强，对水环境适应性高，幼虫大量繁殖时可能会污染供水系统[6][7]。
摇蚊幼虫是鱼类的天然饵料，但某些种类对水稻等水生作物构成威胁，可能引发农作物灾害[1]。
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 徐紫刚; 李传仁，王嘉鑫，余鹏，肖云丽，傅悦. 大别山地区摇蚊科昆虫多样性调查研究. 环境昆虫学报. 2024, (3): 606–615 [2024-09-12]. （原始内容存档于2024-09-12）.
- ^ Milner, Alexander. Book review: The chironomidae: biology and ecology of non-biting midges. P. D. Armitage, P. S. Cranston and L. C. V. Pinder. Chapman and Hall, London, 1995. No of pages: 572. Price: £69.00. ISBN 0-412-45260.. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management. 1997-01, 13 (1): 91–92. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199701)13:1<91::AID-RRR432>3.0.CO;2-N.
- ^ Patrick Ashe. A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 2, Orthocladiinae (PDF). Dublin: Irish Biogeographical Society in association with the National Museum of Ireland. 2012 [2024-09-12]. ISBN 9780955080654. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2025-01-20） （English）.
- ^ Chironomidae. GBIF. [2023-01-29]. （原始内容存档于2023-01-29）.
- ^ Xin Qi, Xin-Hua Wang, Trond Andersen and Xiao-Long Lin. 2017. A New Species of Manoa Fittkau (Diptera: Chironomidae), with DNA Barcodes from Xianju National Park, Oriental China. Zootaxa. 4231(3); 398–408. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.3.6
- ^ Song, C; Wang, Q; Zhang, R; Sun, B; Wang, X. Exploring the utility of DNA barcoding in species delimitation of Polypedilum (Tripodura) non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae).. Zootaxa. 2016-02-16, 4079 (5): 534–50. PMID 27394207. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4079.5.2.
- ^ 丁煌英; 宁鹏飞, 张庆, 李明会, 甘萍. 剑湖摇蚊幼虫的空间分布与水质评价. 水生态学杂志. 2017, 38 (3): 58–65 [2024-09-12]. doi:10.15928/j.1674-3075.2017.03.009.
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