火蚁属
（重定向自火蟻）
| 火蚁属File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石时期：
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| File:Fire ants 01.jpg | |
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| 科学分类 编辑 | |
| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蚁科 Formicidae |
| 演化支： | 正蚁类 Formicoid |
| 亚科： | 切叶蚁亚科 Myrmicinae |
| 族： | 火蚁族 Solenopsidini |
| 属： | 火蚁属 Solenopsis Westwood, 1840 |
| 模式种 | |
| 热带火蚁 (Solenopsis geminata) (Fabricius, 1804)
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| 多样性 | |
| 380 种 | |
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火蚁属（Solenopsis）又称为火家蚁属，隶属于蚁科家蚁亚科，大约有380个物种[1]，其中最知名的为入侵红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta），其腹部末端带有螫针，动物被螫伤后毒素会进入体内，严重的情况下会因全身性过敏而休克，甚至导致死亡。“火蚁”（Fire Ants）俗名是在描述被其螫刺后如火灼伤般疼痛感，有些情况会出现如灼伤般的水泡，值得注意的是，Solenopsis是一个组成复杂的属，其生态行为也多样，因此，“火蚁”（Fire Ants）的俗名适用于那些较具侵略性的物种。
火蚁属是一个组成复杂、庞大且难以分类的属，大部分的物种体型微小、具单形性(monomorphic)、且生活在土壤之下，这些体型微小的物种有些被称作为“贼蚁”(thief ants)，贼蚁生活在其他体型较大的白蚁或蚂蚁的巢中。有些新世界的物种体型较大且为多形性(polymorphic)，他们的群落大小可以达到相当大的规模，且工蚁为极具侵略性的表层掠食者，这些物种也就是俗称的“火蚁”(fire ants)[2]。
种系发生[编辑]
| 火蚁属 |
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本属包括以下物种：
- Solenopsis abdita
- Solenopsis albidula Solenopsis atlantis
- Solenopsis dalli
- Solenopsis saudiensis Sharaf & Aldawood, 2011 Solenopsis jalalabadica
- (Kusnezov, 1969) Pisarski, 1970
- Forel
- Solenopsis schilleri Solenopsis brasiliana
- Solenopsis japonica Solenopsis schmalzi
- Wheeler, 1928 Forel, 1901 Solenopsis debilior
- Solenopsis scipio Santschi, 1911
- Solenopsis joergenseni Santschi, 1934 Santschi, 1925
- Santschi, 1934 Santschi, 1919 (Kusnezov, 1953)
- Solenopsis seychellensis
- Solenopsis juliae
- Solenopsis shiptoni (Arakelian, 1991) Santschi
- Solenopsis decipiens
- Solenopsis silvestrii Emery, 1906 Solenopsis kabylica
- Emery, 1906 Santschi, 1934
- Solenopsis altinodis
- Solenopsis brazoensis
- Solenopsis knuti Solenopsis soochowensis
- Pisarski, 1967 Wheeler, 1921 Solenopsis delta
- Solenopsis spei Forel, 1912
- Solenopsis kochi (Buckley, 1867)
- (Bernard, 1978) Finzi Stat. Santschi
- Solenopsis stricta
- Solenopsis krockowi
- Solenopsis substituta Wheeler, 1908 Solenopsis aurea
- Solenopsis deserticola
- Solenopsis subterranea MacKay & Vinson, 1989 Solenopsis laboriosa
- Ruzsky, 1905
- Emery, 1896
- Solenopsis succinea Solenopsis brevicornis
- Solenopsis laeviceps Solenopsis sulfurea
- Mayr, 1870 (Roger, 1862) Solenopsis duboscqui
- Solenopsis superba Emery, 1906
- Forel, 1912 Wheeler, 1906 Emery, 1888
- Bernard, 1950 Bernard, 1950 Bernard, 1953
- Solenopsis tennesseensis
- Solenopsis latastei
- Solenopsis tenuis Emery, 1895 Mayr, 1878
- Solenopsis dysderces
- Solenopsis terricola Menozzi, 1931 Solenopsis latro
- Snelling, 1975 Forel, 1894
- Ettershank, 1966
- Solenopsis brevipes
- Solenopsis leptanilloides Solenopsis texana
- Santschi, 1925 Emery, 1895 Solenopsis egregia
- Solenopsis tipuna Forel, 1912
- Solenopsis longiceps Emery, 1906
- (Kusnezov, 1953) Forel, 1907 Thompson, 1989
- Solenopsis transversalis
- Solenopsis loretana
- Solenopsis tridens Solenopsis avia
- Solenopsis electra
- Solenopsis trihasta Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis lotophaga
- Forel, 1914 Santschi, 1911
- Forel, 1901
- Solenopsis ugandensis Solenopsis bruchi
- Solenopsis lou Solenopsis valida
- Forel, 1902 (Foerster, 1891) Solenopsis elhawagryi
- Solenopsis vinsoni Pacheco & Mackay, 2013
- Solenopsis lusitanica (Bernard, 1978)
- Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012 Emery, 1915 (Smith, 1858)
- Solenopsis vorax
- Solenopsis macdonaghi
- Solenopsis wasmannii Santschi, 1916 Emery, 1894
- Solenopsis emeryi
- Solenopsis weiseri Forel, 1914 Solenopsis macrops
- Santschi, 1934 Santschi, 1917
- Forel, 1894 Solenopsis africana
- Solenopsis amblychila Solenopsis bruchiella
- Solenopsis madara
- Solenopsis wolfi Roger, 1863 Emery, 1915
- Solenopsis exigua Solenopsis xyloni
- McCook, 1879 Solenopsis major
- Emery, 1922 Theobald, 1937
- Arnold, 1926
- Solenopsis zeteki Solenopsis maligna
- Santschi, 1910 Solenopsis azteca
- Solenopsis eximia Solenopsis mameti
- (Kusnezov, 1953) Donisthorpe, 1946
- Solenopsis bruesi Solenopsis marxi
- Forel, 1915 Solenopsis fairchildi
- Wheeler, 1915 Forel, 1893 Creighton, 1930
- Wheeler, 1926 Emery, 1900
- Solenopsis maxima (Foerster, 1891)
- Solenopsis foersteri
- Solenopsis medioclara Theobald, 1937 Santschi
- Solenopsis bucki
- Solenopsis megera Santschi, 1934
- Solenopsis franki Solenopsis megergates
- Kempf, 1973 Forel, 1908 Trager, 1991
- Solenopsis metanotalis
- Solenopsis alecto Solenopsis bacchettae
- Solenopsis froggatti
- Solenopsis metatarsalis Forel, 1913 (Kusnezov, 1957)
- Solenopsis canariensis
- Solenopsis minutissima Emery, 1906 Solenopsis fugax
- Solenopsis moesta Brullo, C.Brullo, Tavilla, Siracusa & Cambria, 2022[3]
- Forel, 1893 (Latreille, 1798) (Foerster, 1891)
- Solenopsis molesta
- (Say, 1836) Solenopsis fusciventris
- Solenopsis monticola Clark, 1934
- Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis andina
- Solenopsis capensis Solenopsis mozabensis
- (Bernard, 1977) Solenopsis gallardoi
- Solenopsis nicaeensis Mayr, 1866 Santschi, 1925
- Bernard, 1950
- Solenopsis nickersoni Thompson, 1982 Solenopsis bakri
- Solenopsis gallica
- Solenopsis nigella Santschi, 1934 Emery, 1888
- Solenopsis carolinensis
- Solenopsis nitens Bingham, 1903 Solenopsis gayi
- Thompson, 1989 Santschi, 1914
- Santschi, 1934 Santschi, 1923 Sharaf
- Forel, 1901 (Spinola, 1851) (Dlussky & Radchenko, 1994)
- Solenopsis normandi
- Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis geminata
- Solenopsis novemmaculata (Fabricius, 1804)
- Wheeler, 1925
- Solenopsis castor Solenopsis occipitalis
- Santschi, 1911 Solenopsis georgica
- Solenopsis oculata Forel, 1893 Menozzi, 1942
- Santschi, 1925
- Solenopsis omana Solenopsis balachowskyi
- Solenopsis germaini
- Solenopsis oraniensis Emery, 1895 Forel, 1894
- Solenopsis celata
- Solenopsis orbula Emery, 1875 Solenopsis globularia
- Solenopsis orbuloides Bernard, 1959
- (Dlussky & Zabelin, 1985) (Smith, 1858) Andre, 1890
- Solenopsis overbecki
- Viehmeyer, 1916 Solenopsis gnomula
- Solenopsis pachycera Emery, 1915
- (Forel, 1915) Solenopsis angulata
- Solenopsis clarki
- Solenopsis papuana Emery, 1900 Solenopsis goeldii
- Solenopsis parabiotica Crawley, 1922
- Forel, 1912 Weber, 1943
- Solenopsis parva Mayr, 1868
- Solenopsis banyulensis Solenopsis granivora
- Solenopsis patagonica Kusnezov, 1957
- Emery, 1906 Solenopsis cleptomana
- Solenopsis pawaensis Mann, 1919
- Solenopsis hammari Emery, 1894
- Bernard, 1950 Mayr, 1903
- Forel, 1901
- Solenopsis photophila Santschi, 1923
- Solenopsis hayemi Solenopsis picea
- Forel, 1908 Emery, 1896
- Solenopsis clytemnestra
- Solenopsis picquarti Forel, 1899 Solenopsis helena
- Solenopsis picta Emery, 1896
- Emery, 1895 Emery, 1895
- Solenopsis pilosa
- Solenopsis alena Solenopsis basalis
- Solenopsis hostilis
- Solenopsis pilosula (Borgmeier, 1959) Wheeler, 1908
- Solenopsis conjurata
- Solenopsis pollux Forel, 1893 Solenopsis iheringi
- Solenopsis privata Forel, 1896
- Wheeler, 1925 Forel, 1908 (Foerster, 1891)
- Solenopsis provincialis
- Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis ilinei
- Solenopsis punctaticeps Santschi, 1936
- Mayr, 1865 Solenopsis atavinus
- Solenopsis cooperi Solenopsis puncticeps
- MacKay & Vinson, 1989 Solenopsis indagatrix
- Solenopsis pusillignis Donisthorpe, 1947 Wheeler, 1928
- Trager, 1991
- Solenopsis pygmaea Forel, 1901 Solenopsis belisarius
- Solenopsis indet
- Solenopsis pylades Forel
- Solenopsis corticalis
- Solenopsis pythia Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis insculpta
- Özdikmen, 2010 Perfilieva et al., 2017
- Forel, 1907 Forel, 1881 Clark, 1938
- Forel, 1913 Wheeler, 1942
- Solenopsis zambesiae Solenopsis reichenspergeri
- Trager, 1991 Solenopsis weyrauchi
- Santschi, 1923
- Solenopsis insinuans Solenopsis westwoodi
- Santschi, 1934 Solenopsis richardi
- Solenopsis virulens Santschi, 1933
- Bernard, 1950 Santschi, 1933
- Solenopsis truncorum 入侵黑火蚁
- Solenopsis crivellarii Solenopsis richteri
- Forel, 1911
- Forel, 1909 Solenopsis tonsa
- Solenopsis insularis Emery, 1906
- Solenopsis tetracantha Solenopsis tertialis Solenopsis robusta
- Menozzi, 1936 (Bernard, 1978)
- Bernard, 1950 Smith, 1951 Solenopsis targuia
- (Foerster, 1891)
- Solenopsis rugiceps
- Emery, 1890 Solenopsis subtilis
- Solenopsis blanda
- Solenopsis interrupta Santschi, 1925
- Emery, 1896 Solenopsis steigeri Solenopsis rugosa
- (Kusnezov, 1953) Santschi, 1916
- Bernard, 1950 Solenopsis solenopsidis Solenopsis similis
- Forel, 1909
- Solenopsis daguerrei 入侵红火蚁 Solenopsis sabeana
- Solenopsis sea
- (Buckley, 1867) Santschi, 1923 Solenopsis scelesta
- Solenopsis invicta
- Forel, 1905 Santschi, 1936 Solenopsis saevissima
- (Foerster, 1891) (Santschi, 1930) Buren, 1972
- (Smith, 1855) Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
- Mayr, 1870
- Solenopsis quinquecuspis Solenopsis salina
- (Bernard, 1978) Solenopsis pergandei
- Wheeler, 1908 Solenopsis nitidum
- Solenopsis jacoti Emery, 1896
- Solenopsis maxillosa Solenopsis santschii
- Solenopsis laevithorax Wheeler, 1923
参考文献[编辑]
- ^ AntWeb. Genus: Solenopsis Westwood, 1840. [2019-01-08]. （原始内容存档于2020-08-06）.
- ^ Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler. The ants of Nevada. Los Angeles: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 1986.
- ^ Salvatore Brullo, Cristian Brullo, Gianmarco Tavilla, Giuseppe Siracusa and Salvatore Cambria. 2022. Solenopsis bacchettae (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), A New Species from Sardinia. Nordic Journal of Botany. DOI: 10.1111/njb.03773
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