梭菌属

梭菌属File:Infobox info icon2.svg
File:Clostridium difficile 01.jpg
艰难梭菌
科学分类 编辑
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
界：	芽孢杆菌界 Bacillati
门：	芽孢杆菌门 Bacillota
纲：	梭菌纲 Clostridia
目：	梭菌目 Clostridiales
科：	梭菌科 Clostridiaceae
属：	梭菌属 Clostridium Prazmowski, 1880
模式种
丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum Prazmowski, 1880
种
见正文

梭菌属（学名：Clostridium），菌体呈梭状，又称梭状芽孢杆菌属或厌氧芽孢杆菌属，芽孢常比菌体大，是一类能产生内生孢子的厌氧性革兰氏阳性菌。

梭菌属广泛分布于自然界，以土壤中最多，芽孢圆形或椭圆形。除了产气荚膜梭菌无鞭毛外，大多有鞭毛。大部分的梭菌属可以水解糖、蛋白质，又可产生外毒素，成为一些疾病的原因。

该属的模式种为丁酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum）。

下属物种

本属包括以下物种：

• 不同梭菌 Clostridium absonum 醋酸梭菌
• Clostridium acetireducens Clostridium aestuarii
• Clostridium bovifaecis
• Clostridium paraputrificum (Bienstock 1906) Snyder 1936，副胞梭菌 Clostridium felsineum
• Zhu et al. 2018 (Carbone and Tombolato 1917) Bergey et al. 1939
• Wilde et al. 1997 巴氏梭菌
• Clostridium pasteurianum Clostridium aminovalericum
• Clostridium fermenticellae Clostridium peptidivorans
• Xu et al. 2019 Mechichi et al. 2000 Clostridium bowmanii
• Clostridium perenne (Prévot 1940) McClung and McCoy 1957
• Clostridium fervidum Kim et al. 2007 Hardman and Stadtman 1960
• Spring et al. 2003 Patel et al. 1987，也拼作：Clostridium fervidus (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937
• Clostridium phytofermentans
• Clostridium fessum 毛状梭菌
• Clostridium piliforme Seo et al. 2020 (ex Tyzzer 1917) Duncan et al. 1993
• Clostridium bryantii
• Clostridium polyendosporum (Duda et al. 1996) Rainey et al. 2016 Clostridium fimetarium
• 法属波利尼西亚梭菌 Stieb and Schink 1985 Kotsyurbenko et al. 1997
• [[Sankar et al. 2023]] Clostridium aciditolerans
• Clostridium amygdalinum
• Clostridium folliculivorans Clostridium populeti
• [[Tazawa et al. 2023]] Sleat and Mah 1985 Clostridium budayi
• 自养乙酸梭菌 Clostridium prolinivorans Huang et al. 2020
• Clostridium formicaceticum Parshina et al. 2003
• (Le Blaye and Guggenheim 1914) Bernard et al. 2018 Andreesen et al. 1970，也拼作：Clostridium formicoaceticum Cardon and Barker 1946
• Clostridium proteoclasticum
• Clostridium frigidicarnis
• Clostridium proteolyticum Broda et al. 1999 Clostridium akagii
• Clostridium butanoliproducens
• Clostridium psychrophilum Spring et al. 2003 Clostridium frigoris
• [[Rios-Galicia et al. 2024]] Spring et al. 2003
• Lanjekar et al. 2015 母鸡梭菌
• Clostridium puniceum Clostridium amylolyticum 丁酸梭菌
• Clostridium gallinarum Clostridium purinilyticum
• [[Pallen 2024]] corrig. Dürre et al. 1981 Clostridium butyricum
• 江华梭菌 Clostridium purinolyticum Örlygsson et al. 1996
• Lee et al. 2007 Kuhner et al. 2000 Song and Dong 2008
• Prazmowski 1880 Kim et al. 2006 (McBryde 1911) Sturges and Drake 1927
• Clostridium putrificum
• 尸毒梭菌 Clostridium gasigenes
• Clostridium quercicolum Broda et al. 2000 Stankewich et al. 1971
• 黄水梭菌 Clostridium cadaveris
• Clostridium quinii Svensson et al. 1995 Clostridium gelidum
• 拉氏梭菌 (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957 Honma et al. 2022
• ，拉格斯代尔梭菌 多枝梭菌
• Clostridium aquiflavi
• Clostridium ghonii Clostridium rectum
• Prévot 1938，也拼作：''Clostridium ghoni'' (Heller 1922) Holdeman and Moore 1972 Clostridium caenicola
• 乙二醇梭菌 Clostridium roseum (ex McCoy and McClung 1935) Cato et al. 1988
• Clostridium glycolicum Sun et al. 2024
• Shiratori et al. 2009 Gaston and Stadtman 1963 Keis et al. 2001
• Clostridium saccharogumia
• 温泉梭菌 Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum
• Clostridium saccharolyticum 尿酸发酵梭状芽胞杆菌 Clostridium aldenense
• Clostridium caldaquaticum
• Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum Keis et al. 2001 Clostridium grantii
• [[Lv et al. 2023]] Mountfort et al. 1996
• corrig. Prévot 1938 广西梭菌
• Clostridium sardiniensis Clostridium arbusti
• Clostridium guangxiense Clostridium sartagoforme
• Zhao et al. 2017 corrig. Partansky and Henry 1935 Clostridium caminithermale
• 溶血梭菌 Clostridium sartagoformum Partansky and Henry 1935
• Clostridium haemolyticum Warren et al. 2007 Jung et al. 2010
• Brisbarre et al. 2003 (Hall 1929) Scott et al. 1935 Angelakis et al. 2016，也拼作：Clostridium saudii
• Clostridium scatologenes
• 食一氧化碳梭菌 Clostridium halophilium
• Clostridium schirmacherense Fendrich et al. 1991 Alam et al. 2006
• Clostridium carboxidivorans
• Clostridium scindens Morris et al. 1985 Clostridium halophilum
• 塞内加尔梭菌 Liou et al. 2005 corrig. Fendrich et al. 1991
• Mishra et al. 2015 Clostridium aceticum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌
• Clostridium acidurici Clostridium arcticum
• Clostridium hastiforme 索氏梭菌
• Clostridium sordellii MacLennan 1939，哈氏梭菌 (Hall and Scott 1927) Prévot 1938
• Clostridium carnis Clostridium sphenoides
• (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923 Clostridium hathewayi
• (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988 (Klein 1904) Spray 1939 Steer et al. 2002
• Kaneuchi et al. 1979，为''Thomasclavelia spiroformis'' (Kaneuchi et al. 1979) Lawson et al. 2023的异名 生孢梭菌
• Clostridium sporogenes Clostridium herbivorans
• Clostridium sporosphaeroides Varel et al. 1995
• Clostridium aldrichii 阿根廷梭菌 Clostridium cavendishii
• Clostridium stercorarium Madden 1983
• Clostridium hiranonis Bowman et al. 2010
• Kitahara et al. 2001 Stadtman and McClung 1957
• 溶组织梭菌 Clostridium straminisolvens Clostridium argentinense
• Clostridium histolyticum 近端梭菌
• Clostridium subterminale (Weinberg and Séguin 1916) Bergey et al. 1923 (Hall and Whitehead 1927) Spray 1948
• Clostridium celatum Clostridium sufflavum
• Nishiyama et al. 2009 (Liebert 1909) Barker 1938，尿酸梭菌，也拼作Clostridium acidiurici Yang et al. 1990
• Suen et al. 1988 Hauschild and Holdeman 1974 Dörner and Schink 1991
• Sallam and Steinbüchel 2009
• Clostridium swellfunianum Clostridium huakuii
• Clostridium symbiosum Ruan et al. 2014，以对中国土壤微生物学做出贡献的微生物学家陈华癸的名字命名
• (Stevens 1956) Kaneuchi et al. 1976 产香梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium celerecrescens
• Clostridium tagluense Suetin et al. 2009
• Clostridium hungatei Palop et al. 1989
• Monserrate et al. 2001 (Udey et al. 1977) Lawson and Rainey 2016
• Clostridium aromativorans
• Clostridium hydrogeniformans
• Clostridium tepidum Bowman et al. 2010 Dobritsa et al. 2017
• Clostridium cellobioparum Clostridium termitidis
• Hethener et al. 1992 Clostridium hydroxybenzoicum 第三梭菌
• [[Luo et al. 2024，分离自五粮液元明古窖池窖泥]] Hungate 1944 Zhang et al. 1994
• (Henry 1917) Bergey et al. 1923 破伤风梭菌
• Clostridium tetani Clostridium hylemonae
• Clostridium acetobutylicum 腐气梭状芽胞杆菌
• Clostridium algidicarnis Clostridium cellulofermentans
• 印度梭菌 Clostridium thermaceticum corrig. Fontaine et al. 1942
• Clostridium indicum He et al. 1991
• Gundawar et al. 2019 Liu et al. 2021
• Clostridium thermautotrophicum Clostridium articum
• Clostridium indolis 热醋酸梭菌
• Clostridium thermoaceticum McClung and McCoy 1957 Fontaine et al. 1942
• Clostridium cellulolyticum 无害梭菌 Clostridium thermoacidophilus
• Clostridium innocuum Lawson et al. 1995
• (ex Jordan and McNicol 1979) Cato et al. 1988 Petitdemange et al. 1984 Smith and King 1962，无害芽胞梭菌
• 嗜热碱梭菌
• Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum Clostridium intestinale
• Clostridium thermoautotrophicum corrig. Lee et al. 1989
• Wiegel et al. 1982 Clostridium cellulosi
• Clostridium thermobutyricum Wiegel et al. 1989，丁酸梭菌
• Clostridium intestinalis 热介纤维素梭菌 He et al. 1991
• Lee et al. 1989 热纤梭菌
• Clostridium aerofoetidum Clostridium asparagiforme
• Clostridium irregulare
• Clostridium thermocopriae (Choukévitch 1911) Prévot 1938 ，也拼作：Clostridium irregularis Jin et al. 1988
• Clostridium cellulovorans Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum
• Klaushofer and Parkkinen 1965 Clostridium isatidis 嗜热乳酸梭菌
• Mohan et al. 2007 Sleat et al. 1985 Padden et al. 1999
• Le Ruyet et al. 1988，热乳梭菌 热棕榈梭菌 吉达梭菌
• Clostridium thermopalmarium Clostridium jeddahense
• Clostridium thermopapyrolyticum Lagier et al. 2016
• Clostridium algidixylanolyticum Clostridium chartatabidum
• 济州梭菌 Clostridium thermophilum
• Clostridium jejuense 热腐梭菌 Kelly et al. 1996，瘤胃纤维分解细菌
• Jeong et al. 2004 嗜热化糖梭状芽胞杆菌
• Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Clostridium aurantibutyricum
• 气肿疽梭菌 Clostridium josui
• Clostridium thermosuccinogenes Sukhumavasi et al. 1988 Drent et al. 1995
• Clostridium chauvoei 克氏梭菌 Nakamura et al., 1973，为Clostridium sardiniense Prévot 1938的异名
• (ex Wieringa 1940) Gottschalk and Braun, 1981，丙酮丁醇杆菌，丙酮丁醇梭菌，醋酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌，醋酪酸梭状芽胞杆菌 McCoy et al. 1926 ，臭气杆菌，臭气梭菌
• Broda et al. 2000 Hellinger 1944 (Arloing et al. 1887) Scott 1928，鸣疽梭状芽孢杆菌，肖氏芽孢梭菌
• Barker and Taha 1942 Schink and Zeikus 1983
• Clostridium thiosulfatireducens
• Clostridium lactatifermentans 酪丁酸梭菌 Clostridium tyrobutyricum
• van der Wielen et al. 2002 van Beynum and Pette 1935 产乙醇梭菌
• Clostridium chromiireducens Clostridium uliginosum
• Matthies et al. 2001 Clostridium lacusfryxellense 乌尔蒂纳梭菌
• Inglett et al. 2011 Spring et al. 2003 Schnürer et al. 1996
• Clostridium autoethanogenum Clostridium laramie Kalchayanand
• Clostridium villosum et al. 1993
• Love et al. 1979 Clostridium citroniae
• Clostridium vincentii Mountfort et al. 1997 Clostridium laramiense
• 绿梭菌 Abrini et al. 1994 Warren et al. 2007
• corrig. Kalchayanand et al. 1993 Buckel et al. 1995
• Clostridium vulturis
• Clostridium lavalense 魏氏梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium welchii
• 产气梭菌 Clostridium algifaecis
• Clostridium clariflavum Clostridium xylanolyticum
• Rogers and Baecker 1991 Clostridium lentocellum
• Shiratori et al. 2009 Murray et al. 1987 Mechichi et al. 2000
• Clostridium barati 梭状梭菌
• Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger 1934 Clostridium clostridioforme
• Clostridium leptum Wu et al. 2014
• [[(Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970，异名：巴氏梭菌 Clostridium baratii (Prévot 1938) Holdeman and Moore 1970]] (Burri and Ankersmit 1906) Kaneuchi et al. 1976，也拼作：Clostridium clostridiiforme Moore et al. 1976
• 泥渣梭菌 Clostridium limosum
• André 1948 Clostridium coccoides
• Clostridium liquoris Kaneuchi et al. 1976
• Yin et al. 2016 Clostridium aerogenes
• Clostridium barkeri
• Clostridium litorale Fendrich et al. 1991 Clostridium cochlearium
• Clostridium lituseburense Stadtman et al. 1972
• (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923 (Laplanche and Saissac 1948) McClung and McCoy 1957
• Clostridium ljungdahlii Tanner et al. 1993
• Clostridium algoriphilum Clostridium cocleatum
• Clostridium lortetii Kaneuchi et al. 1979
• Oren 1984 Clostridium bartlettii
• Clostridium lundense Cirne et al. 2006
• Clostridium colicanis ，产气梭状芽孢杆菌
• Shcherbakova et al. 2010 Song et al. 2004 Greetham et al. 2003
• Wang et al. 2015 鹌鹑梭菌
• Clostridium magnum Schink 1984 北海梭菌
• Clostridium colinum Clostridium malenominatum
• (ex Berkhoff et al. 1974) Berkhoff 1985 (Weinberg et al. 1937) Spray 1948
• 碱性纤维素梭菌 Clostridium beihaiense
• Clostridium mangenotii (Prévot and Zimmès-Chaverou 1947) McClung and McCoy 1957 Clostridium collagenovorans
• 最大梭菌 Clostridium maximum Dong et al. 2018
• Jain and Zeikus 1988 (Lindner 1888) Lawson and Rainey 2016
• Clostridium mayombei
• Clostridium acidisoli 耐氧梭菌 Clostridium alkalicellulosi
• 拜氏梭菌 Clostridium combesii
• Clostridium merdae (Prévot and Laplanche 1947) Bernard et al. 2018 Ndongo et al. 2017
• 食甲氧基苯甲酸梭菌 Clostridium beijerinckii
• Clostridium methoxybenzovorans Mechichi et al. 1999 Clostridium composti
• Clostridium methylpentosum Zhilina et al. 2006，异名：Clostridium alkalicellum Zhilina et al. 2006
• Donker 1926 Shin et al. 2018 Himelbloom and Canale-Parola 1989
• Clostridium xylanovorans
• 克萨氏梭菌
• Clostridium moniliforme Paek et al. 2015 Clostridium viride
• (Repaci 1910) Lawson and Rainey 2016 (Goodsir 1842) Lawson and Rainey 2016
• 双酶梭菌 Clostridium coskatii
• Clostridium ventriculi Clostridium ultunense
• Clostridium neonatale Hernández-Eugenio et al. 2002 Clostridium thermosulfurogenes
• Flüchter et al. 2019，一种新的产乙醇梭菌属物种 Bernard et al. 2018
• corrig. Schink and Zeikus 1983 Clostridium thermosulfurigenes Clostridium aerotolerans
• 亚马逊梭菌 Clostridium bifermentans 柱盘孢梭菌
• Clostridium neopropionicum McClung 1935 Clostridium thermoputrificum
• Tholozan et al. 1995 嗜热梭菌 Méndez et al. 1991
• Clostridium cylindrosporum Soh et al. 1991，帕姆酒耐热梭菌
• Clostridium thermolacticum 温水硫磺梭菌 Clostridium neuense
• Viljoen et al. 1926 (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Bergey et al. 1923 (ex Barker and Beck 1942) Andreesen et al. 1985
• Zhao et al. 2017 Clostridium thermocellum Clostridium thermocellulaseum
• 热丁酸梭菌 Li et al. 1994
• Clostridium thermoaerogenes 艰难梭菌 Clostridium nexile
• 热产气梭菌 热嗜酸梭菌 Wiegel et al. 1982
• Holdeman and Moore 1974 Clostridium amazonense
• Clostridium difficile Clostridium thermarum
• (ex Bulloch et al. 1919) Wilde et al. 1989 Clostridium nitritogenes
• Clostridium tetanomorphum (Flügge 1886) Bergey et al. 1923，破伤风芽孢梭菌 (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938
• (Prévot 1940) Bernard et al. 2018 Clostridium tertium
• Slobodkina et al. 2008 Clostridium tepidiprofundi
• Clostridium bolteae Clostridium nitrophenolicum
• Clostridium tarantellae Liu et al. 2015
• Suresh et al. 2007 Clostridium sulfidigenes
• Clostridium diolis 诺氏梭菌
• Kato et al. 2004 Kuhner et al. 2000 van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987，为Lacrimispora aerotolerans (van Gylswyk and van der Toorn 1987) Haas and Blanchard 2020的异名
• O'Neal et al. 2015 Song et al. 2003 Biebl and Spröer 2003
• (Migula 1900) Bergey et al. 1923，诺维氏梭菌，诺威氏梭状芽孢杆菌 Clostridium sticklandii
• Soriano and Soriano 1948 (Metchnikoff 1908) Bergey et al. 1923
• Clostridium spiroforme Clostridium oceanicum
• 楔形梭菌 (Macé 1889) Ford 1927 Clostridium septicum
• Smith 1970 败毒梭菌
• Clostridium disporicum Clostridium senegalense
• 闪烁梭菌 (Weinberg and Ginsbourg 1927) Prévot 1948 Clostridium omnivorum
• Clostridium saudiense Horn 1987
• [[Ueki et al. 2024]] Prévot 1938
• Clostridium sardiniense
• Clostridium bornimense 德可氏梭菌 Clostridium orbiscindens
• Murray et al. 1982 Clavel et al. 2007
• Winter et al. 1991 Clostridium saccharobutylicum
• Clostridium drakei (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Holdeman et al. 1971
• Clostridium ramosum Clostridium ragsdalei Clostridium oroticum
• Hahnke et al. 2014 Liou et al. 2005
• (Wachsman and Barker 1954) Cato et al. 1968 (Trevisan 1889) Reddish and Rettger 1922 Clostridium putrefaciens
• Dürre et al. 1981
• Clostridium oryzae
• Lund et al. 1981 Clostridium punense
• Clostridium aminophilum 肉毒杆菌
• Clostridium durum Jain and Zeikus 1988
• Attwood et al. 1996 Clostridium propionicum Clostridium oxalicum
• (van Gylswyk 1981) van Gylswyk et al. 1983 Smith and Cato 1974
• Dehning and Schink 1990 Clostridium polysaccharolyticum Clostridium polynesiense
• Warnick et al. 2002
• Clostridium botulinum Clostridium pabulibutyricum
• Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌
• Kobayashi et al. 2017 Winogradsky 1895，巴氏芽孢梭菌 Clostridium pascui
• Clostridium estertheticum 类腐败梭菌
• Nakamura et al. 1970 Sakuma et al. 2006 Clostridium papyrosolvens
• Paster et al. 1993 (van Ermengem 1896) Bergey et al. 1923 Collins et al. 1993
• Madden et al. 1982 Domingo et al. 2009
• Horino et al. 2015
• Clostridium novyi 谲诈梭菌 Clostridium paradoxum
• Kane et al. 1992 Clostridium luticellarii
• Li et al. 1993 Clostridium kluyveri
• Clostridium fallax Kitahara et al. 2000
• Clostridium homopropionicum 矛形梭菌 Clostridium paraperfringens
• Clostridium ganghwense (Weinberg and Séguin 1915) Bergey et al. 1923