牡蠣屬
（重新導向自Ostraea）
| 牡蠣屬File:Infobox info icon2.svg 化石時期：
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| File:Oyster.jpg | |
| A lower valve (the attachment valve) of a shell of Ostrea edulis | |
| 科學分類 編輯 | |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 雙殼綱 Bivalvia |
| 目： | 牡蠣目 Ostreida |
| 科： | 牡蠣科 Ostreidae |
| 亞科： | 牡蠣亞科 Ostreinae |
| 屬： | 牡蠣屬 Ostrea (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| 物種 | |
牡蠣屬（學名：Ostrea）是牡蠣目牡蠣科之下的一個海洋雙殼綱軟體動物的屬[1]，其物種均可食用。
化石紀錄[編輯]
本屬物種的歷史非常悠久：其化石紀錄最遠可追遡至二疊紀到第四紀期間（2.59億年前至現在），而且遍佈全世界。 現時本屬之下有約150個化石種[2][3]。
歷史[編輯]
當中加州太平洋海岸進行考古學發掘之時，至少有一個本屬物種（當中包括Ostrea lurida）的化石被發掘出來。這表明了早期的美國原住民丘馬什人以這些物種為其食物來源[4]。
物種[編輯]
過往本屬物種最高曾多達400個，但現時絕大多數均已被分到不同的屬去。截至2018年7月4日[update]，WoRMS紀錄的物種計有[2][1]：
- Seki, 1929 Ostrea angelica Ostrea megodon
- Rochebrune, 1895 Marwick, 1928
- Ostrea arcula Marwick, 1928 †
- Ostrea atherstonei Philippi, 1844
- Ostrea circumpicta Ostrea denselamellosa
- Linnaeus, 1758 Ostrea lurida
- Payraudeau, 1826 Carpenter, 1864
- Ostrea oleomargarita Ostrea conchaphila
- [[(Lischke, 1869)：又名拖鞋牡蠣。]] Ostrea libella
- [[Oliver, Salvi, and Al-Kandari [5]]] †Ostrea tatei
- †Ostrea margaritae Newton, 1913 Ostrea chilensis
- Pilsbry, 1904 Carpenter, 1857
- Ostrea futamiensis Weisbord, 1964
- Pilsbry, 1918 Ostrea puelchana
- Suter, 1913 Ostrea stentina
- Hanley, 1846
- d'Orbigny, 1842 †Ostrea waitangiensis
- 密鱗牡蠣 Ostrea edulis
- 異名
- †Ostrea longirostris
- Gmelin, 1791
- †Ostrea albertensis Russell & Landes, 1937
- Ostrea angasi Sowerby, 1846
- †Ostrea angulata Deshayes, 1824
- †Ostrea anomialis †Ostrea arenicola
- Dinamani, 1981 †Ostrea blackensis
- Poli, 1795 Ostrea crenulifera
- Ostrea edulis Hertlein, 1929
- †Ostrea hippopus
- Russell & Landes, 1937 †Ostrea paroxis
- †Ostrea subradiosa †Ostrea procyonis Bohm, 1926
- Tate, 1886 †Ostrea ludensis
- Lesueur, 1829 Maury, 1924
- †Ostrea cubitus Linnaeus, 1758- Edible oyster or Belon oyster（英語：Belon oyster）
- †Ostrea gajensis 舌骨牡蠣 Deshayes, 1861
- Ostrea minuta †Ostrea prona
- Forskål, 1775 Wood, 1861
- Ostrea hyotis Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea parrensis †Ostrea tacalensis
- Stephenson, 1923 †Ostrea carolinensis
- [[G. B. Sowerby II, 1871[6]:82：今作Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)[7][8]。]] Deshayes, 1832 棘刺牡蠣
- Ostrea flavicans Vredenburg, 1928 [6]:82
- †Ostrea lutaria Vega et al., 1999
- Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea tayloriana Hutton, 1885
- Ostrea miradorensis †Ostrea pseudocrassissima
- Gabb, 1866 Ostrea echinata
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea hyotidoidea
- Olsson, 1931 †Ostrea pejerreyensis
- †Ostrea thalassoklusta †Ostrea pseudodigitalina
- Maury, 1912 Tate, 1899 Ostrea maculosa
- Rivera, 1957 †Ostrea antarctica
- Tate, 1886 †Ostrea bicolor
- Conrad, 1832 †Ostrea compressirostra
- Ostrea cumingiana
- 葉片牡蠣 †Ostrea gingensis
- Forskål, 1775 †Ostrea monetalis
- †Ostrea pseudorissensis Vredenburg, 1928
- †Ostrea imbricata
- Martin, 1931 Ostrea pellucens
- Ostrea tridacnaeformis Dunker, 1846
- Ostrea folium Schlotheim, 1813 Lamarck, 1819
- †Ostrea manubriata 咬齒牡蠣 Linnaeus, 1758
- Harris, 1892
- †Ostrea turkestanensis Tate, 1887
- Ostrea mordax Ostrea radula
- Romanovski, 1880 †Ostrea brongniarti
- Say, 1824 Ostrea crenulimarginata
- †Ostrea edwilsoni [6]:82：又名薄片牡蠣，今作Dendostrea folium。
- †Ostrea incisa ：今作黑齒牡蠣
- Ostrea pesfelis †Ostrea uncinta
- †Ostrea raveneliana Lamarck, 1806 Martin, 1883
- †Ostrea marginidentata Linnaeus, 1758
- Tuomey & Holmes, 1855 †Ostrea cynthiae
- Stoyanow, 1949 Ostrea glabra
- Wood, 1861 †Ostrea negritensis
- †Ostrea resupinata Nyst, 1843
- Deshayes, 1858 Sowerby, 1840
- †Ostrea angusta Lamarck, 1819
- Zinsmeister, 1984 †Ostrea beloiti
- Hanley, 1854 Bronn, 1856 †Ostrea castellobrancoi
- Gabb, 1860 Maury, 1912
- †Ostrea forskali Linnaeus, 1758
- White, 1887 †Ostrea matercula
- Fuchs, 1879 Sowerby, 1871
- †Ostrea vestita
- de Verneuil, 1845 †Ostrea normali
- †Ostrea russelli Fuchs, 1883
- †Ostrea eorivularis Chemnitz, 1785
- Ostrea iridescens Gardner, 1926
- †Ostrea peytoni †Ostrea wiedenmayeri
- †Ostrea samanensis Hodson et al., 1927 Gray, 1854
- †Ostrea mauricensis Richards, 1947
- Olsson, 1928
- Maury 1936 †Ostrea costaricensis
- †Ostrea democraciana Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
- †Ostrea golfotristensis Gabb, 1860
- Ostrea obliterata Ostrea sanguinea
- Finlay, 1927 Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea jogjacartensis
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea pileosimilis
- Hodson et al., 1927
- †Ostrea fraasi Maury 1912 Martin, 1914
- †Ostrea mesenterica Martin, 1931
- McLearn, 1929
- Morton, 1834 †Ostrea pangadiensis
- Ostrea aupouria Logan, 1899
- Ostrea californica
- Olsson, 1922 Ostrea cristata
- Ostrea equestris Mayer-Eymar, 1888
- †Ostrea khamirensis Hislop, 1859
- Ostrea plicatula †Ostrea wollastoni
- †Ostrea soleniscus Goldfuss, 1826
- †Ostrea ventilabrum Cox, 1936 †Ostrea messor
- Gmelin, 1791 Meek, 1893
- †Ostrea ungulata Cox, 1927
- Ostrea talienwhanensis 大連灣牡蠣
- Hodson ''et al.'', 1927 †Ostrea dorsalis (Say, 1834)- Crested oyster
- †Ostrea haleyi
- Maury, 1925 †Ostrea paracasensis
- Ostrea striatula Ostrea superficialis
- Deshayes, 1864 †Ostrea submissa d'Orbigny, 1852
- Woods, 1850 Fuchs, 1879 Linnaeus, 1758
- †Ostrea sturtiana
- †Ostrea latimarginata Rivera, 1957
- †Ostrea portoricoensis Zinsmeister, 1984
- †Ostrea seymourensis †Ostrea saxitoniana Mareon, 1858
- †Ostrea cochlear 緣齒牡蠣 Born, 1778
- Azzaroli, 1958 †Ostrea frondosa
- Hertlein, 1933 Vredenburg, 1908 †Ostrea minbuensis
- Hubbard, 1920 Tate, 1886
- Russell & Landes, 1937 Ostrea retusa
- Linnaeus, 1758 †Ostrea pulaskensis
- Fuchs, 1878
- †Ostrea protoimbricata
- Cotter, 1923 †Ostrea parasitica
- †Ostrea subangulata †Ostrea princeps †Ostrea petrosa
- Olsson, 1928 †Ostrea minerensis
- Lamarck, 1806
- Ostrea erici de Serres, 1829 †Ostrea invalida
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Ostrea Linnaeus, 1758. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –透過WoRMS.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Ostrea. Paleobiology Database.
- ^ J.D. Dana (1996)
- ^ C.M. Hogan, 2008
- ^ Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2022. Cryptic Marine Diversity in the Northern Arabian Gulf: An Integrative Approach Uncovers a New Species of Oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975
Daniele Salvi, Manal Al-Kandari, P. Graham Oliver, Emanuele Berrilli,, and Matteo Garzia. 2023. Corrigendum: Salvi D, Al-Kandari M, Oliver PG, Berrilli E, Garzia M. 2022. Cryptic marine diversity in the northern Arabian Gulf: an integrative approach uncovers a new species of oyster (Bivalvia: Ostreidae), Ostrea oleomargarita. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 7058975. DOI: 10.1155/2022/7058975. ZooKeys. 1143: 89-92. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1143.100087 - ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 鄭成興; 黃宗國; 張良興; 李傳燕; 李福榮. 琅玡灣附着生物和鑽孔生物的初步研究. 海洋學報. 1984, 6 (1): 81–89 [2018-07-04]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-04） （中文（簡體））.
- ^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Ostrea crenulifera G. B. Sowerby II, 1871. MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –透過WoRMS.
- ^ Bieler R, Bouchet P, Gofas S, Marshall B, Rosenberg G, La Perna R, Neubauer TA, Sartori AF, Schneider S, Vos C, ter Poorten JJ, Taylor J, Dijkstra H, Finn J, Bank R, Neubert E, Moretzsohn F, Faber M, Houart R, Picton B, Garcia-Alvarez O (編). Dendostrea sandvichensis (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871). MolluscaBase. [2018-07-04] –透過WoRMS.
- James Dwight Dana (1996) Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History, American Book Co., 1088 pages
- C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham [1] （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
外部連結[編輯]
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Module:Commons_link第64行Lua錯誤：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg 維基物種上的相關資訊：牡蠣屬
Module:Taxonbar第160行Lua錯誤：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)