2的自然对数
(重定向自Ln2)
| 2的自然对数 | |
|---|---|
| 識別 | |
| 種類 | 無理數 |
| 符號 | <math>\ln{2}</math> |
| 性質 | |
| 連分數 | [0; 1, 2, 3, 1, 6, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 10] (OEIS數列A016730) <math>0 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{2 + \cfrac{1}{3 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{6 + \ddots |
| 以此為根的多項式或函數 | <math>e^x-2 = 0</math>[1] |
| 表示方式 | |
| 值 | <math>\ln{2}\approx</math>0.693147180... |
}}}</math> | basedata = 二进制0.101100010111001000010111…十进制0.693147180559945309417232…十六进制0.B17217F7D1CF79ABC9E3B398…
- <math>\ln 2 \approx 0.693147</math>
使用对数公式
- <math>\log_b 2 = \frac{\ln 2}{\ln b}.</math>
- <math>\log_{10} 2 \approx 0.301029995663981195</math>。
數學家理查德·施羅培爾在1972年證明,不尋常數的自然密度等於 <math>\ln 2</math>。換言之,若 <math>u(n)</math> 表示不大於 <math>n</math> 的自然數之中,有多少個數 <math>a</math> 具有大於 <math>\sqrt a</math> 的質因數,則有:
- <math>\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \frac{u(n)}{n} = \ln(2) = 0.693147 \dots\, .</math>
公式[编辑]
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{n+1}}{n} = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{1}{(2n+1)(2n+2)} = \ln 2.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{(n+1)(n+2)} = 2\ln 2 -1.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n(4n^2-1)} = 2\ln 2 -1.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n(4n^2-1)} = \ln 2 -1.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n(9n^2-1)} = 2\ln 2 -\frac{3}{2}.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n}[\zeta(n)-1] = \ln 2 -\frac{1}{2}.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{2n+1}[\zeta(n)-1] = 1-\gamma-\frac{1}{2}\ln 2.</math>
- <math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{2^{2n}(2n+1)}\zeta(2n) = \frac{1}{2}(1-\ln 2).</math>
<math>\gamma</math>是欧拉-马歇罗尼常数,<math>\zeta</math>是黎曼ζ函數。
- <math>\ln 2 = \sum_{k\ge 1} \frac{1}{k2^k}.</math>[2]: 31
- <math>\ln 2 = \sum_{k\ge 1}\left(\frac{1}{3^k}+\frac{1}{4^k}\right)\frac{1}{k}.</math>
- <math>\ln 2 = \frac{2}{3}+\sum_{k\ge 1}\left(\frac{1}{2k}+\frac{1}{4k+1}+\frac{1}{8k+4}+\frac{1}{16k+12}\right)\frac{1}{16^k}.</math>(贝利-波尔温-普劳夫公式)
积分公式[编辑]
- <math>\int_0^1 \frac{dx}{1+x} = \ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_1^\infty \frac{dx}{(1+x^2)(1+x)^2} = \frac{1}{4}(1-\ln 2)</math>
- <math>\int_0^\infty \frac{dx}{1+e^{nx}} = \frac{1}{n}\ln 2;
\int_0^\infty \frac{dx}{3+e^{nx}} = \frac{2}{3n}\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^\infty \left(\frac{1}{e^x-1}-\frac{2}{e^{2x}-1}\right)=\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^\infty e^{-x}\frac{1-e^{-x}}{x} dx= \ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 \ln\frac{x^2-1}{x\ln x}dx=-1+\ln 2+\gamma</math>
- <math>\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \tan x dx=2\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \tan x dx=\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_{-\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \ln(\sin x+\cos x)dx=-\frac{\pi}{4}\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 x^2\ln(1+x)dx=\frac{2}{3}\ln 2-\frac{5}{18}</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 x\ln(1+x)\ln(1-x)dx=\frac{1}{4}-\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 x^3\ln(1+x)\ln(1-x)dx=\frac{13}{96}-\frac{2}{3}\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 \frac{\ln x}{(1+x)^2}dx = -\ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 \frac{\ln(1+x)-x}{x^2}dx=1-2\ln2</math>
- <math>\int_0^1 \frac{dx}{x(1-\ln x)(1-2\ln x)} = \ln 2</math>
- <math>\int_1^\infty \frac{\ln\ln x}{x^3}dx = -\frac{1}{2}(\gamma+\ln 2)</math>
<math>\gamma</math>是欧拉-马歇罗尼常数。
其他公式[编辑]
用皮尔斯展开式(A091846)表达ln2:
- <math> \log 2 = \frac{1}{1} -\frac{1}{1\cdot 3}+\frac{1}{1\cdot 3\cdot 12} -\ldots</math>.
- <math>\log 2 = \frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot 3}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot 7}+\frac{1}{2\cdot 3\cdot 7\cdot 9}+\ldots </math>.
用余切展开式A081785表达ln2:
- <math>\log 2 = \cot(\arccot 0 -\arccot 1 +\arccot 5 -\arccot 55+\arccot 14187-\ldots)</math>.
其他對數[编辑]
範例[编辑]
| [icon] | 此章节尚無任何内容,需要扩充。 (2020年4月30日) |
10的自然對數[编辑]
| [icon] | 此章节尚無任何内容,需要扩充。 (2020年4月30日) |
參考文獻[编辑]
- ^ Wolfram, Stephen. "e^x-2=0". from Wolfram Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine, Wolfram Research (English).
- ^ Bailey, D. H.; Borwein, J. M.; Calkin, N. J.; Girgensohn, R.; Luke, D. R.; and Moll, V. H. §2.2 Integer Relation Detection. Experimental Mathematics in Action. A K Peters/CRC Press. 2007: pp. 29-31. ISBN 978-1568812717.
- Brent, Richard P. Fast multiple-precision evaluation of elementary functions. J. ACM. 1976, 23 (2): 242–251. doi:10.1145/321941.321944. MR0395314.
- Uhler, Horace S. Recalculation and extension of the modulus and of the logarithms of 2, 3, 5, 7 and 17. Proc. Nat. Acac. Sci. U. S. A. 1940, 26: 205–212. MR0001523.
- Sweeney, Dura W. On the computation of Euler's constant. Mathematics of Computation. 1963, 17. MR0160308.
- Chamberland, Marc. Binary BBP-formulae for logarithms and generalized Gaussian-Mersenne primes (PDF). Journal of Integer Sequences. 2003, 6: 03.3.7 [2011-01-08]. MR2046407. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-06).
- Gourévitch, Boris; Guillera Goyanes, Jesus. Construction of binomial sums for π and polylogarithmic constants inspired by BBP formulas (PDF). Applied Math. E-Notes. 2007, 7: 237–246 [2011-01-08]. MR2346048. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-02-06).
- Wu, Qiang. On the linear independence measure of logarithms of rational numbers. Mathematics of Computation. 2003, 72 (242): 901–911. doi:10.1090/S0025-5718-02-01442-4.
外部連結[编辑]
- 埃里克·韦斯坦因. Natural logarithm of 2. MathWorld.
- table of natural logarithms. PlanetMath.
- Gourdon, Xavier; Sebah, Pascal. The logarithm constant:log 2. [2011-01-08]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-23).