ISO/IEC 646

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Template:NoteTA ISO/IEC 646國際標準化組織(ISO)和國際電工委員會(IEC)於1972年制訂的標準。它是一個 7-位元字元的字集,來自數個國家標準,最主要來自美國的 ASCII(美國信息互換標準代碼)。ISO 646 除了英語字母數字部分,為所有國家相同外,有些使用字母的國家,可按照實際需要,把 ISO 646 修改,以定出該國的字符標準。亦因為當年 8-位元字符集並未得到普遍接納,各國把不同的字母或符號放進它們的字符集,以致部分出現在 ASCII 的字母或符號,並沒有出現在某些國家的 ISO 646 變體之中。

ISO 646為了表示歐洲各種語言的帶附加符號(diacritical mark)的變音字母,由於沒有碼位空間去直接編碼這些變音字母,所以用幾個標點符號來兼作變音字母的附加符號:

為了表示變音字母,在普通字母後跟一個退格鍵符(backspace,碼位為0x8),然後是附加符號。在電傳打字機上,將打印出一個雖然字形醜陋但是人可以識別的變音字母。

ISO 646的12個字符編碼保持開放(open)——被稱為國別用途碼位(national-use code position),在ASCII碼中這12個碼位對應:# $ @ [ \ ] ^ ` { | } ~。由此衍生的ISO 646各國字符集編碼,早已被更現代的ISO 8859取代,但仍然有遺存痕跡。例如,很多日文系統中仍然把ASCII字符 \ 處理為字形 ¥。

歷史[編輯]

ISO/IEC 646 及其前身 ASCII 和 ANSI (Windows-1252)。

字符集[編輯]

下表顯示了在ISO/ IEC646的字符集。每個字符的十六進制代碼所示[統一]當量和ISO / IEC的646碼的十進制值。灰色陰影部分表示字符代碼點[字形] s表示,因地區而異。這些都在下面詳細討論。

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各地變體[編輯]

一些國家採用了經改變 ISO 646 的字符集,包括:

代碼 ISO-
IR
標準 用於
CA-1 121 CSA Z243.4-1985 加拿大(nr. 1 替換標準,帶有 「î」)
法語,經典拼法)
CA-2 122 CSA Z243.4-1985 加拿大(nr. 2 替換標準,帶有 「É」)
法語,改革後的拼法)
CN 057 GB/T 1988-80 中華人民共和國(基本拉丁字母)
CU 151 NC 99-10:81 古巴西班牙語
DE 021 DIN 66083 德國德語
DK DS 2089 丹麥丹麥語
FR 069 AFNOR NF Z 62010-1982 法國法語
FR-0 025 AFNOR NF Z 62010-1973 法國(自1985年4月以來廢除)
GB 004 BSI 4730 英國英語
GR 088 HOS ELOT 希臘(已廢除)
HU 086 MSZ 7795/3 匈牙利匈牙利語
IE 207 NSAI 433:1996 愛爾蘭愛爾蘭語戈依迪利語支
 
代碼 ISO-
IR
標準 用於
INV ISO 646:1983 international (Invariant subset)
IRV 002 ISO 646:1983 International Reference Variant
JA 014 JIS C 6220-1969 日本羅馬字
JA-O 092 JIS C 6229-1984 日本OCR-B)
KR KS C 5636-1989 南韓
MT ? 馬爾他馬爾他文英文
NO 060 NS 4551 版本 1 挪威
NO-2 061 NS 4551 版本 2 挪威 (1987年六月後失效)
SE 010 SEN 85 02 00 附錄 B 瑞典(基本瑞典文
SE-C 011 SEN 85 02 00 附錄 C 瑞典(用於姓名之延伸瑞典文
T.61 102 ITUCCITT T.61 Recommendation International(Teletex
TW CNS 5205-1996 台灣
US 006 ANSI X3.4-1968 美國ASCII
YU 141 JUS I.B1.002 前南斯拉夫克羅地亞文斯洛文尼亞文塞爾維亞文拉丁文

其他私有的標準,爾後獲一些標準委員會批准為國際使用:

代碼 ISO-
IR
批准機構 來源 用於
ES 085 ECMA IBM 西班牙BasqueCastilianCatalanGalician
esp 017 ECMA 好利獲得 (Olivetti) 西班牙文 (international)
DK-SE 009-1 SSK NATS, main set 瑞典丹麥 (journalistic texts)
FI-SE 008-1 SSK NATS, main set 瑞典芬蘭 (journalistic texts)
 
代碼 ISO-
IR
批准機構 來源 用於
ita 015 ECMA Olivetti 意大利文
PT 084 ECMA IBM 葡萄牙葡萄牙文西班牙文
por 016 ECMA Olivetti 葡萄牙文 (international)

下表列出各版本差異之處:

碼位 各 ISO 646 相容字元集字元
二進制 十進制 十六進制 INV US T.61 JA JA-O KR CN TW IRV GB DK NO NO-2 SE SE-C DE HU FR FR-0 CA-1 CA-2 IE IS ita por PT esp ES CU MT YU

010 0010 34 22 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
010 0011 35 23   # # # # # # # # £ # # § # # # # £ £ # # £ # £ # £ # # # # #
010 0100 36 24   $ ¤ $ $ $ ¥ $ $ $ $ $ $ ¤ ¤ $ ¤ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ¤ $ $
010 1001 39 27 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
010 1100 44 2C , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
010 1101 45 2D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
010 1111 47 2F / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
100 0000 64 40   @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ É § Á à à à à Ó Ð § § ´ § · @ @ Ž
101 1011 91 5B   [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ Æ Æ Æ Ä Ä Ä É ° ° â â É Þ ° Ã Ã ¡ ¡ ¡ ġ Š
101 1100 92 5C   \   ¥ ¥ \ \ \ \ Ø Ø Ø Ö Ö Ö Ö ç ç ç ç Í \ ç Ç Ç Ñ Ñ Ñ ż Đ
101 1101 93 5D   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Å Å Å Å Å Ü Ü § § ê ê Ú Æ é Õ Õ ¿ Ç ] ħ Ć
101 1110 94 5E   ^   ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Ü ˆ ˆ ^ ˆ î É Á Ö ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ¿ ¿ ˆ Č
101 1111 95 5F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
110 0000 96 60   `   `   ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` é ` á µ µ ô ô ó ð ù ` ` ` ` ` ċ ž
111 1011 123 7B   {   { { { { { { { æ æ æ ä ä ä é é é é é é þ à ã ã ° ´ ´ Ġ š
111 1100 124 7C   | | | | | | | | | ø ø ø ö ö ö ö ù ù ù ù í | ò ç ç ñ ñ ñ Ż đ
111 1101 125 7D   }   } } } } } } } å å å å å ü ü è è è è ú æ è õ õ ç ç [ Ħ ć
111 1110 126 7E   ~     ˜ ˜ ˜ ¯ | ˜ ü ß ˝ ¨ ¨ û û á ö ì ° ˜ ˜ ¨ ¨ Ċ č

參看[編輯]

外部連結[編輯]

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