ISO/IEC 646

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Template:NoteTA ISO/IEC 646国际标准化组织(ISO)和国际电工委员会(IEC)于1972年制订的标准。它是一个 7-位元字元的字集,来自数个国家标准,最主要来自美国的 ASCII(美国信息互换标准代码)。ISO 646 除了英语字母数字部分,为所有国家相同外,有些使用字母的国家,可按照实际需要,把 ISO 646 修改,以定出该国的字符标准。亦因为当年 8-位元字符集并未得到普遍接纳,各国把不同的字母或符号放进它们的字符集,以致部分出现在 ASCII 的字母或符号,并没有出现在某些国家的 ISO 646 变体之中。

ISO 646为了表示欧洲各种语言的带附加符号(diacritical mark)的变音字母,由于没有码位空间去直接编码这些变音字母,所以用几个标点符号来兼作变音字母的附加符号:

为了表示变音字母,在普通字母后跟一个退格键符(backspace,码位为0x8),然后是附加符号。在电传打字机上,将打印出一个虽然字形丑陋但是人可以识别的变音字母。

ISO 646的12个字符编码保持开放(open)——被称为国别用途码位(national-use code position),在ASCII码中这12个码位对应:# $ @ [ \ ] ^ ` { | } ~。由此衍生的ISO 646各国字符集编码,早已被更现代的ISO 8859取代,但仍然有遗存痕迹。例如,很多日文系统中仍然把ASCII字符 \ 处理为字形 ¥。

历史[编辑]

ISO/IEC 646 及其前身 ASCII 和 ANSI (Windows-1252)。

字符集[编辑]

下表显示了在ISO/ IEC646的字符集。每个字符的十六进制代码所示[统一]当量和ISO / IEC的646码的十进制值。灰色阴影部分表示字符代码点[字形] s表示,因地区而异。这些都在下面详细讨论。

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各地变体[编辑]

一些国家采用了经改变 ISO 646 的字符集,包括:

代码 ISO-
IR
标准 用于
CA-1 121 CSA Z243.4-1985 加拿大(nr. 1 替换标准,带有 “î”)
法语,经典拼法)
CA-2 122 CSA Z243.4-1985 加拿大(nr. 2 替换标准,带有 “É”)
法语,改革后的拼法)
CN 057 GB/T 1988-80 中华人民共和国(基本拉丁字母)
CU 151 NC 99-10:81 古巴西班牙语
DE 021 DIN 66083 德国德语
DK DS 2089 丹麦丹麦语
FR 069 AFNOR NF Z 62010-1982 法国法语
FR-0 025 AFNOR NF Z 62010-1973 法国(自1985年4月以来废除)
GB 004 BSI 4730 英国英语
GR 088 HOS ELOT 希腊(已废除)
HU 086 MSZ 7795/3 匈牙利匈牙利语
IE 207 NSAI 433:1996 爱尔兰爱尔兰语戈依迪利语支
 
代码 ISO-
IR
标准 用于
INV ISO 646:1983 international (Invariant subset)
IRV 002 ISO 646:1983 International Reference Variant
JA 014 JIS C 6220-1969 日本罗马字
JA-O 092 JIS C 6229-1984 日本OCR-B)
KR KS C 5636-1989 南韩
MT ? 马尔他马尔他文英文
NO 060 NS 4551 版本 1 挪威
NO-2 061 NS 4551 版本 2 挪威 (1987年六月后失效)
SE 010 SEN 85 02 00 附录 B 瑞典(基本瑞典文
SE-C 011 SEN 85 02 00 附录 C 瑞典(用於姓名之延伸瑞典文
T.61 102 ITUCCITT T.61 Recommendation International(Teletex
TW CNS 5205-1996 台湾
US 006 ANSI X3.4-1968 美国ASCII
YU 141 JUS I.B1.002 前南斯拉夫克罗地亚文斯洛文尼亚文塞尔维亚文拉丁文

其他私有的标准,尔后获一些标准委员会批准为国际使用:

代码 ISO-
IR
批准机构 来源 用于
ES 085 ECMA IBM 西班牙BasqueCastilianCatalanGalician
esp 017 ECMA 好利获得 (Olivetti) 西班牙文 (international)
DK-SE 009-1 SSK NATS, main set 瑞典丹麦 (journalistic texts)
FI-SE 008-1 SSK NATS, main set 瑞典芬兰 (journalistic texts)
 
代码 ISO-
IR
批准机构 来源 用于
ita 015 ECMA Olivetti 意大利文
PT 084 ECMA IBM 葡萄牙葡萄牙文西班牙文
por 016 ECMA Olivetti 葡萄牙文 (international)

下表列出各版本差异之处:

码位 各 ISO 646 相容字元集字元
二进制 十进制 十六进制 INV US T.61 JA JA-O KR CN TW IRV GB DK NO NO-2 SE SE-C DE HU FR FR-0 CA-1 CA-2 IE IS ita por PT esp ES CU MT YU

010 0010 34 22 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
010 0011 35 23   # # # # # # # # £ # # § # # # # £ £ # # £ # £ # £ # # # # #
010 0100 36 24   $ ¤ $ $ $ ¥ $ $ $ $ $ $ ¤ ¤ $ ¤ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ¤ $ $
010 1001 39 27 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
010 1100 44 2C , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
010 1101 45 2D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
010 1111 47 2F / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /
100 0000 64 40   @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ É § Á à à à à Ó Ð § § ´ § · @ @ Ž
101 1011 91 5B   [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ Æ Æ Æ Ä Ä Ä É ° ° â â É Þ ° Ã Ã ¡ ¡ ¡ ġ Š
101 1100 92 5C   \   ¥ ¥ \ \ \ \ Ø Ø Ø Ö Ö Ö Ö ç ç ç ç Í \ ç Ç Ç Ñ Ñ Ñ ż Đ
101 1101 93 5D   ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] Å Å Å Å Å Ü Ü § § ê ê Ú Æ é Õ Õ ¿ Ç ] ħ Ć
101 1110 94 5E   ^   ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ Ü ˆ ˆ ^ ˆ î É Á Ö ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ¿ ¿ ˆ Č
101 1111 95 5F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
110 0000 96 60   `   `   ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` é ` á µ µ ô ô ó ð ù ` ` ` ` ` ċ ž
111 1011 123 7B   {   { { { { { { { æ æ æ ä ä ä é é é é é é þ à ã ã ° ´ ´ Ġ š
111 1100 124 7C   | | | | | | | | | ø ø ø ö ö ö ö ù ù ù ù í | ò ç ç ñ ñ ñ Ż đ
111 1101 125 7D   }   } } } } } } } å å å å å ü ü è è è è ú æ è õ õ ç ç [ Ħ ć
111 1110 126 7E   ~     ˜ ˜ ˜ ¯ | ˜ ü ß ˝ ¨ ¨ û û á ö ì ° ˜ ˜ ¨ ¨ Ċ č

参看[编辑]

外部链接[编辑]

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