勇蝸科
（重新導向自Helicarionidae）
| 勇蝸科File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
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| File:Helicarion cuvieri.jpg | |
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| File:Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.283157 1 - Fastosarion superba (Cox, 1871) - Helicarionidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg | |
| 科學分類 編輯 | |
| 界： | 動物界 Animalia |
| 門： | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
| 綱： | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
| 目： | 柄眼目 Stylommatophora |
| 亞目： | 旋蝸牛亞目 Helicina |
| 下目： | 蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei |
| 總科： | 勇蝸總科 Helicarionoidea |
| 科： | 勇蝸科 Helicarionidae Bourguignat, 1877[1] |
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_-_Helicarionidae_-_Mollusc_shell.jpeg){kind=link}
勇蝸科（學名：Helicarionidae），又名鱉甲蝸牛科，鱉甲螺科[2]，是一個由陸生肺螺類半蛞蝓組成的科，皆為真有肺類柄眼類支序的成員，屬於勇蝸總科（Helicarionoidea）[3]。
分佈[編輯]
本科物種分佈於古北界東部，馬爾加什（馬達加斯加、留尼汪及科摩羅）、印度、東南亞及澳大利亞[4]。
解剖[編輯]
本科的蝸牛都會在交配時伸出幾丁質的交配器戀矢（love dart）插進對方的生殖孔，以交換精子[5]。
此外，本科物種的單倍體染色體介乎21到30之間[6]。
下級分類[編輯]
本科包括以下屬：
- Hionella
- Iredale, 1941 曙螺屬
- Uapuneutra Advena Gude, 1913
- Aenigmatoconcha C.Tumpeesuwan & S.Tumpeesuwan, 2017
- Amenixesta
- [[Stanisic, 2010
- Antiquarion boondah Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion chooreechillum Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion collinsae J.Stanisic, 2010
- Antiquarion evelynensis Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion limbus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion occultus Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion ravenshoe Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Antiquarion swausi Hyman & Köhler, 2020]] Apothapsia
- Austenia Robson, 1914
- Brevisentis Ehrenberg, 1831
- Cryptaustenia Dendronitor
- Stanisic, 2010 Fijia
- Hyman, 2007 Nesaecia
- Rhadella Hyman, Lamborena & Köhler, 2017
- Palmervillea Godwin-Austen, 1914
- Gude, 1913 Holkeion
- Gude, 1911 Stanisic, 2010
- Urazirochlamys Cucullarion Iredale, 1933
- Eufretum 吉拉蛞蝓屬
- Godwin-Austen, 1908 Limpidarion
- Panulena Ancey, 1887
- 若通螺屬 Vanmolia de
- Girasia Hyman & Köhler, 2020
- Nesarion Rotungia
- Winter, 2008 Hyman, 2007 Burnettia
- 疑難螺屬 Cockerell, 1891 Stanisic, 1998
- Einasleighana H.B.Baker, 1941
- Gray, 1855 Howearion
- Baker, 1940 E.A.Smith, 1884
- Vercularion Saphtia de
- Iredale, 1933 Iredale, 1944
- Luinarion Parmavitrina
- Winter, 2008
- Dupontia Stanisic, 2010
- Gudeconcha 伊比蛞蝓屬 Iredale, 1933
- Nesocyclus Satiella
- Baker, 1940 Parmella W.T.Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Ibycus
- Baker, 1940 Attenborougharion
- G.Nevill, 1878 Belopygmeus
- Stanisic, 2010 Chalepotaxis
- Dancea Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Eurychlamys
- [[Heynemann, 1863
- 小玉蝸牛 Ibycus hiraseanus]] Malandena
- Parmellops Martens, 1860
- Iredale, 1944 Zagmena
- Gudeoconcha Iredale, 1933
- Nesonanina Sheaia
- Iredale, 1941 Zilch, 1960 小杜螺屬
- Elatonitor Godwin-Austen, 1899 Iredale, 1944
- Insulorbis C.R.Boettger, 1918
- Iredale, 1937
- Sigaloeista Baker, 1940
- Mauka Periclocystis
- Shea & Griffiths, 2010 Buffetia
- [[Ancey, 1887
- Neutra 扁楯蛞蝓屬 Sitala
- Petalochlamys H.Adams, 1865 Baker, 1940
- Irenella Baker, 1940
- Godwin-Austen, 1907，葉楯蛞蝓屬 Dedrolamellaria
- [[W.T.Blanford, 1863
- Durgella aborense Godwin-Austen, 1916
- Durgella assamica Gondwin-Austen, 1881
- Durgella birmanica (Pfeiffer, 1847)
- Durgella christianae (Theobald, 1864)
- Durgella concinna Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- Durgella densestriata Vermeulen, T.-S.Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015
- Durgella dwipana (Gude, 1903)
- Durgella edeana Godwin-Austen, 1910
- Durgella erratica (Godwin-Austen, 1888)
- Durgella hosei Godwin-Austen, 1891
- Durgella khasiaca Godwin-Austen, 1883
- Durgella kumahensis (Theobald & Stoliczka, 1872)
- Durgella levicula (W.H.Benson, 1859)
- Durgella libas Solem, 1966
- Durgella mairangensis Godwin-Austen, 1898
- Durgella naharaniensis Godwin-Austen, 1914
- Durgella nulla Pholyotha & Panha, 2024[9]
- Durgella pentata Pholyotha & Panha, 2024[9]
- Durgella rhaphiellus (E.von Martens, 1867)
- Durgella rogersi Godwin-Austen, 1907
- Durgella russeola (Morelet, 1865)
- Durgella salius (W.H.Benson, 1859)
- Durgella seposita (W.H.Benson, 1859)
- Durgella siamensis Möllendorff, 1902
- Durgella sundana B.Rensch, 1930]] Expocystis
- Gude, 1913 Medyla
- Pitcairnia H.B.Baker, 1941
- Baker, 1940 Iredale, 1941
- Amenixesta fifensis Iredale, 1941
- Amenixesta hunsteini (E.A.Smith, 1887)
- Antiquarion D.T.Holyoak & G.A.Holyoak, 2020
- Hyman & Köhler, 2017 Belopygmaeus
- Baker, 1938 Iredale, 1945 Caldwellia
- Ancey, 1904
- Ellarion Iredale, 1937
- Germain, 1918 Kalidos
- Gude, 1911 Preston, 1913
- Sodaleta 勇蝸屬
- Gude, 1911 Minororbis
- Plegma Iredale, 1937
- Durgellina Iredale, 1941
- Helicarion Baker, 1940
- Nukupiena Sophina
- Pravonitor Benson, 1859 Férussac, 1821
- Kermarion Baker, 1940
- Iredale, 1937
- H.Adams, 1873 Colmanarion
- Delinitesta Thiele, 1928
- Fastosarion Iredale, 1944
- Mistarion Pseudaustenia
- Hyman & Ponder, 2010 Iredale, 1939 Cockerell, 1891
- Westracystis Waihoua
- Hiloaa Iredale, 1941
- Oafatua Tarocystis
- Habe, 1946 Ubiquitarion
- Baker, 1940
- Iredale, 1933 Epiglypta
- Iredale, 1933 Baker, 1940 Kipua
- Baker, 1940 Baker, 1925
- Pachystyla Iredale, 1937
- Gude, 1911 Stanisic, 2010 Germain, 1918
- Teraia
- Rhyssotopsis Torrecystis
- Baker, 1940 Montanocystis
- 奧氏蛞蝓屬 Bathia Solem, 1989
- Burmochlamys
- Stanisic, 2010 Ctenophila
- Echonitor Pilsbry, 1893
- Hiona Stanisic, 2010
- Opara Thularion
- Sitalarion
- Solem, 1966 Iredale, 1937 Stanisicarion
- Pseudosaphtia de Stanisic, 1993 W.T.Blanford, 1863
- Sivella Cooke, 1940 Laconia
- Baker, 1940 Winter, 2008
- 昔塔螺屬 Hyman, 2007
- Sesara
- Godwin-Austen, 1918 Dendrolamellaria Iredale, 1937
- Fenestrarion
- Gray, 1855 Muangnua 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬
- Pseudosesara Stanisic, 2010
- Laidlaw, 1932 Rasama Baker, 1940
- Mörch, 1852 H.Adams, 1867 Solem, 1962
- Quirosella
- Hionarion Solem, 1966
- Ovachlamys Tropicystis
- Pseudophasis Pseudoguppya Pholyotha & Panha, 2022
- Caracolla 隱奧氏蛞蝓屬 Ancey, 1882
- Preston, 1913 Erepta
- Stanisic, 2010 Baker, 1940 Laocaia
- Habe, 1946 Clench, 1958
- Pittoconcha
- Iredale, 1937 Peloparion
- Uafatua
- Parmacochlea
- Kuzminykh, 1999 Mysticarion
- Rapafila Baker, 1940 Nitor
- Martens, 1860 Levidens
- Baker, 1940
- Eddiella Albers, 1850 Harmogenanina
The following two subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[3]
- 亞科 Helicarioninae Bourguignat, 1877 - synonyms: Pseudotrochatellinae A. J. Wagner, 1905;[10] Ereptinae Godwin-Austen, 1908;[11] Xestinae Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921;[12] Sesarinae Thiele, 1931;[13] Nitoridae Iredale, 1937;[14] Epiglyptidae Iredale, 1944;[15] Gudeoconchidae Iredale, 1944[15]
- 亞科 Durgellinae Godwin-Austen, 1888[16]
屬[編輯]
下列本科所有的屬：
Helicarioninae亞科[編輯]
- Epiglypta
- Gudeoconcha Pseudotrochatella
- [[Iredale, 1914[3]]] G. Nevill, 1881[3] Erepta
- Sesara Albers, 1860[3]
- Helicarion Pilsbry, 1893[3]
- [[Albers, 1850[3]]] Férussac, 1821 - type genus of the family Helicarionidae[3] Preston, 1913 [21]
- Xesta
- Nitor Albers, 1850[3]
- Wilhelminaia Gude, 1911[3]
Durgellinae亞科[編輯]
- 族 Durgellini
- Durgella
- Sitala H. Adams, 1865[3]
- Satiella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae[3]
- [[Godwin-Austen, 1908[3]]] Benson, 1859[3] Sophina
- 族 Girasiini
亞科未定[編輯]
- Advena Buffetia
- Mathewsoconcha
- Mysticarion
- Nancibella
- 圓鱉甲蝸牛屬 Ovachlamys
- Habe, 1946， 卵楯蛞蝓屬 Diastole
- Panulena
- Pittoconcha
- Quintalia
- Dolapex
- Ryssota
- Thapsia
- Trichotoxon
- Zingis Elisolimax
- Atrichotoxon
- Harmogenanina
- Iredaleoconcha
- 恰里螺屬 Kaliella
- Lutilodix
- Philonesia
親緣支序圖[編輯]
以下的系統發生學分支圖顯示了根據Hausdorf (2000)所描述蛞蝓下目各科之間的親緣關係[4]：
| 蛞蝓下目 Limacoidei |
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參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Bourguignat J. R. (1877). "Description de deux nouveaux genres algériens, suive d'une classification des families et des genres de Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du système européen". Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles de Toulouse 3(1): 49-101. page 64.
- ^ 施乃普. 綠島小形貝殼. 中國貝誌 (中華民國貝類學會). 1975, 2: 33–46 [2018-08-28] （中文（繁體））.
- ^ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.-P.; Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á. & Warén, A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 978-3-925919-72-5. OCLC 61351079. OL 42989175M. S2CID 83847814.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Hausdorf, B. Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal. Journal of Biogeography. 2000, 27 (2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x （English）.
- ^ 記用蝸牛來作實驗. 2013-07-19 （中文（繁體））.
- ^ G. M. Barker. The Biology of Terrestrial Molluscs. CABI. 2001: 139. ISBN 978-0-85199-318-8.
- ^ Chanidaporn Tumpeesuwan and Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. 2017. Discovery of An Overlooked Helicarionid Land Snail (Helicarionidae: Durgellinae) from northeastern Thailand, with Description of A New Genus and New Species, and Note on Radula Morphology and Genital System. RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY. 65; 181–188.
- ^ Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Piyoros Tongkerd and Somsak Panha. 2021. Systematic Revision of the Limestone Karst-restricted Land Snail Genus Aenigmatoconcha (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae), with Description of A New Species. European Journal of Taxonomy. 767(1), 55-82. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.767.1487
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Arthit Pholyotha, Chirasak Sutcharit, Ngwe Lwin and Panha Somsak. 2024. Unveiling the Diversity of the Semislug Gnus Durgella Blanford, 1863 (Eupulmonata: Helicarionidae) from Thailand and Myanmar, with Description of Two New Species. Zool Stud. 63:14. DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-14.
- ^ Wagner A. J. (1905). Denkschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 77: 365.
- ^ Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). "On the Animals of Genera and Species of Mascarene Land-Mollusca belonging to the family Zonitidae, collected by Monsieur E. Dupont". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8)2: 422-436. 432. Plate 9-11.
- ^ Gude G. P. L. K. & Woodward B. B. (1921). "On Helicella, Férussac". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 14(5-6): 174-190. page 185.
- ^ Thiele (1931). Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde 1(2): 620.
- ^ Iredale T. (1937). The Australian Zoologist 9(1): 2.
- ^ 15.0 15.1 Iredale T. (1944). The Australian Zoologist 10(3): page 326 and page 328.
- ^ Godwin-Austen H. H. (1888). Land and freshwater Mollusca of India 1(6): 253.
- ^ Godwin-Austen H. H. (1900). In: Sykes Mollusca. In: Sharp (ed.) Fauna Hawaiiensis 2(4): 283.
- ^ Blanford W. T. & Godwin-Austen H. H. (1908). The fauna of British India. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae, page 283.
- ^ Schileyko (2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, part 10: 1319.
- ^ Collinge (1902). The Journal of Malacology 9(3): 71, 73.
- ^ Ho, Wai Hoong. A Review Of The Land-Snail Fauna of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 1995, 43 (1): 91–113 [2017-02-16]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-16） （English）.
外部連結[編輯]
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg 維基物種上的相關資訊：勇蝸科
- 勇蜗科. 美國國家生物技術信息中心（NCBI）. 424154. 已忽略未知參數
|taxon=(幫助) - Video of a Helicarionid in Sulawesi （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）
