薊屬
（重新導向自Cirsium）
| 薊屬File:Infobox info icon2.svg | |
|---|---|
| File:Thistle 20050725 001.jpg | |
| 翼薊 Cirsium vulgare | |
| 科學分類 編輯 | |
| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots |
| 演化支： | 菊類植物 Asterids |
| 目： | 菊目 Asterales |
| 科： | 菊科 Asteraceae |
| 亞科： | 管狀花亞科 Carduoideae |
| 族： | 菜薊族 Cynareae |
| 亞族： | 飛廉亞族 Carduinae |
| 屬： | 薊屬 Cirsium Mill., 1754 |
| 種 | |
|
約200種[1]，參見本文。 | |
薊屬（學名：Cirsium），屬於菊科，是多年生植物，至少150種，分佈於北溫帶。其中較多見的為大薊，是蘇格蘭國花。學名Cirsium來源於希臘語「kirsos」。
薊屬被某些鱗翅目物種的幼蟲用作食用植物-參見以薊屬為食的鱗翅目的列表。 種子對美國金翅雀等小雀科很有吸引力。
大多數物種通常根據農業利益被視為雜草。 翼薊（又名歐洲薊）在美國的9個州被列為有害野草[2] 。 為了美觀和/或支持授粉者，例如蝴蝶，特別是在花園和野花種植中種植了某些物種。
醫學用途[編輯]
- 止血
- 消腫
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下屬物種[編輯]
本屬包括以下物種：[3]
- Cirsium griseum 南國小薊
- Cirsium tioganum Cirsium acarna - Soldier Thistle
- Cirsium acaule - Stemless Thistle, Dwarf Thistle
- Cirsium altissimum
- - Mt. Tamalpais Thistle Cirsium andersonii
- Cirsium araneans - Powderpuff Thistle
- Cirsium arvense - Cainville Thistle
- Cirsium campylon Cirsium chuskaense
- Cirsium edule
- Cirsium mendocinum
- Cirsium remotifolium (L.) All., 1785 - Tuberous Thistle. 類似於Cirsium dissectum (Meadow Thistle).
- Cirsium ochrocentrum - Fewleaf Thistle
- Cirsium remotifolium var. remotifolium - Fewleaf Thistle
- - Edible Thistle Cirsium hallii
- - Mendocino Thistle - Yellowspine Thistle
- Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum Cirsium canum - Monarch Thistle
- Cirsium dissectum
- - Hall's Thistle Cirsium kamtschaticum
- Cirsium oleraceum - Sandhill Thistle
- [[- Cabbage thistle]] Cirsium turneri
- Cirsium engelmannii - Kamchatka Thistle
- Cirsium mexicanum Cirsium rhaphilepis
- - Cliff Thistle - Creeping Thistle, Field Thistle, Canada Thistle
- Cirsium arvense var. argenteum
- Cirsium arvense var. integrifolium
- Cirsium arvense var. mite
- Cirsium arvense var. vestitum Cirsium brevifolium
- - Mount Hamilton Thistle - Queen Anne's Thistle
- Cirsium coulteri - Meadow Thistle
- - Engelmann Thistle, Engelmann's Thistle Cirsium helenioides 玉山薊
- - Mexican Thistle - Summer Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum Cirsium rhothophilum
- [[- Gray Thistle, Wavy-leaf Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum var. tracyi - Tracy's Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
- Cirsium undulatum var. undulatum - Wavyleaf Thistle]] - Melancholy Thistle, Common Melancholy Thistle
- Cirsium kawakamii Cirsium oreophilum
- - Surf Thistle
- Cirsium ciliolatum - Coulter’s Thistle
- Cirsium eriophorum - Yushan Thistle
- Cirsium modestum Cirsium rivulare
- - Graceful Thistle Cirsium osterhoutii
- - Woolly Thistle Cirsium heterophyllum
- - Lacy Thistle Cirsium andrewsii
- - Jeweled Thistle Cirsium arizonicum
- - Palouse Thistle Cirsium californicum
- Cirsium carolinianum - Ashland Thistle
- Cirsium douglasii
- - Melancholy Thistle Cirsium lanatum
- Cirsium ownbeyi - Rothrock's Thistle
- - Ownbey's Thistle Cirsium vinaceum
- Cirsium erisithales - Hairy Thistle
- Cirsium mohavense Cirsium rusbyi
- - Sacramento Mountain Thistle, Sacramento Mountains Thistle - Carolina Thistle, Soft Thistle
- Cirsium crassicaule - Yellow Melancholy Thistle
- Cirsium hillii - Mojave Thistle
- - Pale Thistle Cirsium virginense
- 沼生垂頭薊 Cirsium rydbergii - Virgin Thistle
- - Hill's Thistle Cirsium laterifolium
- Cirsium paludigenum - Rydberg's Thistle
- Cirsium barnebyi
- - California Thistle Cirsium canescens
- Cirsium clavatum - Slough Thistle
- Cirsium esculentum - Porcupine Thistle
- Cirsium murdockii Cirsium scabrum
- - Virginia Thistle Cirsium palustre - Rough Thistle
- 翼薊 Cirsium hookerianum
- - Murdock's Thistle - Marsh thistle, European Swamp Thistle
- Cirsium vulgare Cirsium caulescens
- - Lake Thistle Cirsium drummondii
- - White Thistle Cirsium lecontei
- Cirsium parryi - Mountain Slope Thistle
- - Parry's Thistle
- Cirsium wheeleri - Roadside Thistle, Tall Thistle Cirsium amblylepis
- - Anderson's Thistle, Rose Thistle - Franciscan Thistle
- Cirsium aridum - Arizona Thistle
- - Barneby's Thistle Cirsium brevistylum
- - Platte Thistle, Prairie Thistle
- Cirsium cymosum - Dwarf Thistle - Flodman Thistle, Flodman's Thistle
- Cirsium horridulum - Swamp Thistle
- - Snowy Thistle Cirsium wrightii
- Cirsium scopulorum - Wright's Thistle
- - Yellow Thistle Cirsium leo
- Cirsium peckii - Mountain Thistle
- Cirsium clokeyi
- - Peregrine Thistle Cirsium foliosum
- Cirsium navajoense
- Cirsium segetum (Maxim.) Makino
- Cirsium pendulum 浙江垂頭薊
- [[Z. H．Chen et X. Jin[4]]] - Drummond's Thistle, Elk Thistle, Leafy Thistle, Meadow Thistle Cirsium humboldtense
- - Navajo Thistle
- Cirsium zhejiangense Cirsium yezoense
- - Clustered Thistle Cirsium callilepis
- Cirsium centaureae - Charleston Mountain Thistle, Whitespine Thistle
- Cirsium durangense
- - Humboldt County Thistle Cirsium libanoticum
- Cirsium perplexans
- - Wheeler's Thistle - Bull Thistle, Spear Thistle, Common Thistle, Fuller's Thistle (異名：C. lanceolatum ) Cirsium virginianum
- - Spring Thistle - Rocky Mountain Thistle
- Cirsium vernale Cirsium validus
- Cirsium fontinale
- Cirsium neomexicanum Cirsium spinosissimum
- [[Ackerf.[7]]] Cirsium tuberosum
- (Congdon) Petr., 1917 - Stemless Thistle
- Cirsium diacanthum
- - Fountain Thistle Cirsium hydrophilum
- - Lavender Thistle, New Mexico Thistle - Pitcher's Thistle, Sand Dune Thistle
- Cirsium occidentale - Crow Thistle
- - Steen Mountain Thistle Y.H.Tseng & C.Y.Chang [6] - Palo Alto Thistle, Lost Thistle
- Cirsium subniveum
- Cirsium repandum Cirsium tanakae
- - Suisun Thistle Cirsium loncholepis
- Cirsium arcuum - Desert Thistle
- Cirsium brachycephalum
- - Fringebract Thistle Cirsium canovirens
- Cirsium congdonii
- Cirsium gilense - LaGraciosa Thistle
- Cirsium nipponicum Cirsium taiwanense
- Cirsium scapanolepis 臺灣薊
- - Gray Thistle, Jackson Hole Thistle Cirsium serrulatum
- Cirsium proteanum Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang[5] - Meadow Thistle
- Cirsium scariosum - Gila Thistle Cirsium hypoleucum
- - Red Thistle
- - Rusby's Thistle
- Cirsium rothrockii
- Cirsium chellyense - Rosette Thistle
- Cirsium eatonii
- Cirsium longistylum
- Cirsium pulcherrimum
- - Alameda County Thistle Cirsium quercetorum
- -Cobweb Thistle - Osterhout's Thistle - Wyoming Thistle
- Cirsium pumilum
- Cirsium grahamii - Longstyle Thistle
- Cirsium nuttallii Cirsium tatakaense
- Cirsium praeteriens Cirsium pitcheri
- Cirsium calcareum - Graygreen Thistle
- - Queen Thistle Cirsium discolor
- - Eaton's Thistle - Graham's Thistle Cirsium inornatum
- - Nuttall's Thistle - Pasture Thistle
- Cirsium pastoris
- [[Y. F. Lu, Z. H. Chen et X. F. Jin[4]]] Cirsium pallidum
- Cirsium texanum
- Cirsium olivescens
- - Cloudcroft Thistle Cirsium maritimum
- Cirsium pyrenaicum Buckley, 1862 - Texas Thistle Cirsium muticum
- - Le Conte's Thistle Cirsium japonicum
- - Gray Thistle
- Cirsium costaricense - Field Thistle, Pasture Thistle Cirsium flodmanii
- 雜交種：
- Cirsium × canalense Cirsium × erosum
- - Vancouver Thistle - Glory Thistle Cirsium × crassum
- Cirsium × vancouverense - Canal Thistle
- - Thistle - Iowa Thistle Cirsium × iowense
參考文獻[編輯]
- ^ Cirsium. Flora of North America. [2010-01-20]. （原始內容存檔於2017-07-07） （English）.
- ^ PLANTS Profile for Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) USDA PLANTS. USDA Plant Database. USDA. [2008-07-15]. （原始內容存檔於2013-07-02）.
- ^ Cirsium Mill.. GBIF. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-30）.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 浙江蓟属( 菊科)二新种：浙江垂头蓟和沼生垂头蓟. NSII. [2023-02-14]. （原始內容存檔於2023-02-14）.
- ^ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng and Yen-Hsueh Tseng. 2021. Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 183: 35-53. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.183.70119
- ^ Chih-Yi Chang, Hsy-Yu Tzeng andYen-Hsueh Tseng. 2019. Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), A New Species from Taiwan. PhytoKeys. 117: 119-132. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.117.29380
- ^ Jennifer R. Ackerfield. 2023. Cirsium tukuhnikivatzicum, A New Species of Thistle endemic to the La Sal Mountains of Utah. Systematic Botany. 48(2); 354-362. DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16847773873170
延伸閱讀[編輯]
Module:Wikisource_further_reading第42行Lua錯誤：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)
外部連結[編輯]
維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：Module:Commons_link第64行Lua錯誤：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)
- （英文）Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. 2007. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
Module:Taxonbar第160行Lua錯誤：attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value)