锆的同位素

主要的锆同位素
标准原子质量（英语：Standard atomic weight） (Ar, 标准)	91.224(2);
←Y（39）	Nb（41）→
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锆（原子量：91.224(2)）有从⁷⁷Zr至¹¹⁴Zr共38个同位素，其中有5个同位素存在于自然界，包括稳定的⁹⁰Zr、⁹¹Zr、⁹²Zr、⁹⁴Zr以及半衰期极长的放射性同位素⁹⁶Zr。^[3]它会通过双β衰变衰变成⁹⁶Mo，半衰期2.34×10¹⁹年，^[3]亦可通过单β衰变衰变成⁹⁶Nb，部分半衰期[2.27+0.53
−0.36（随机误差）± 0.27（系统误差）]×10²⁰年。^[1]锆第二稳定的放射性同位素是半衰期161万年的⁹³Zr，其它半衰期超过一天的同位素包括⁸⁸Zr（83.4天）、⁹⁵Zr（64.032天）、⁸⁹Zr（78.36小时）。锆最稳定的同核异构体是^89mZr，半衰期4.16分钟。^[3]

比⁹⁰Zr轻的放射性同位素通常会通过正电子发射衰变为钇的同位素，而更重的放射性同位素则主要通过β衰变衰变成铌的同位素。^[3]

图表[编辑]

Template:Isotopes table |- | ⁷⁷Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 37 | 76.96608(43)# | 100# μs | | | 3/2−# | | |- | ⁷⁸Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 38 | 77.95615(43)# | 50# ms
[>200 ns] | | | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|⁷⁹Zr | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39 | rowspan=2|78.94916(43)# | rowspan=2|56(30) ms | β⁺, p | ⁷⁸Sr | rowspan=2|5/2+# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ | ⁷⁹Y |- | ⁸⁰Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 40 | 79.9404(16) | 4.6(6) s | β⁺ | ⁸⁰Y | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|⁸¹Zr | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41 | rowspan=2|80.93721(18) | rowspan=2|5.5(4) s | β⁺ (>99.9%) | ⁸¹Y | rowspan=2|(3/2-)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (<.1%) | ⁸⁰Sr |- | ⁸²Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 42 | 81.93109(24)# | 32(5) s | β⁺ | ⁸²Y | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|⁸³Zr | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 43 | rowspan=2|82.92865(10) | rowspan=2|41.6(24) s | β⁺ (>99.9%) | ⁸³Y | rowspan=2|(1/2-)# | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺, p (<.1%) | ⁸²Sr |- | ⁸⁴Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 44 | 83.92325(21)# | 25.9(7) min | β⁺ | ⁸⁴Y | 0+ | | |- | ⁸⁵Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 45 | 84.92147(11) | 7.86(4) min | β⁺ | ⁸⁵Y | 7/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^85mZr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 292.2(3) keV | rowspan=2|10.9(3) s | IT (92%) | ⁸⁵Zr | rowspan=2|(1/2-) | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (8%) | ⁸⁵Y |- | ⁸⁶Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 46 | 85.91647(3) | 16.5(1) h | β⁺ | ⁸⁶Y | 0+ | | |- | ⁸⁷Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 47 | 86.914816(9) | 1.68(1) h | β⁺ | ⁸⁷Y | (9/2)+ | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^87mZr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 335.84(19) keV | 14.0(2) s | IT | ⁸⁷Zr | (1/2)- | | |- | ⁸⁸Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 48 | 87.910227(11) | 83.4(3) d | ε | ⁸⁸Y | 0+ | | |- | ⁸⁹Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 49 | 88.908890(4) | 78.41(12) h | β⁺ | ⁸⁹Y | 9/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | ^89mZr | rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 587.82(10) keV | rowspan=2|4.161(17) min | IT (93.77%) | ⁸⁹Zr | rowspan=2|1/2- | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁺ (6.23%) | ⁸⁹Y |- | 90
Zr
^{[n 1]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 50 | 89.9047044(25) | colspan=3 align=center|稳定 | 0+ | 0.5145(40) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^90m1Zr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2319.000(10) keV | 809.2(20) ms | IT | ⁹⁰Zr | 5- | | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^90m2Zr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3589.419(16) keV | 131(4) ns | | | 8+ | | |- | ⁹¹Zr^{[n 1]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 51 | 90.9056458(25) | colspan=3 align=center|稳定 | 5/2+ | 0.1122(5) | |- | style="text-indent:1em" | ^91mZr | colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3167.3(4) keV | 4.35(14) µs | | | (21/2+) | | |- | ⁹²Zr^{[n 1]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 52 | 91.9050408(25) | colspan=3 align=center|稳定 | 0+ | 0.1715(8) | |- | ⁹³Zr^{[n 2]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 53 | 92.9064760(25) | 1.53(10)×10⁶ y | β⁻ | ⁹³Nb | 5/2+ | | |- | ⁹⁴Zr^{[n 1]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 54 | 93.9063152(26) | colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定^{[n 3]} | 0+ | 0.1738(28) | |- | ⁹⁵Zr^{[n 1]} | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 55 | 94.9080426(26) | 64.032(6) d | β⁻ | ⁹⁵Nb | 5/2+ | | |- | rowspan=2| ⁹⁶Zr^{[n 4]}^{[n 1]}^[3] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 56 | rowspan=2 | 95.9082734(30) | rowspan=2 | 23.4×10¹⁸ y | β⁻β⁻ | ⁹⁶Mo | rowspan=2 | 0+ | rowspan=2 | 0.0280(9) | rowspan=2 | |- | β⁻^[1] | ⁹⁶Nb |- | ⁹⁷Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 57 | 96.9109531(30) | 16.744(11) h | β⁻ | ^97mNb | 1/2+ | | |- | ⁹⁸Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 58 | 97.912735(21) | 30.7(4) s | β⁻ | ⁹⁸Nb | 0+ | | |- | ⁹⁹Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 59 | 98.916512(22) | 2.1(1) s | β⁻ | ^99mNb | 1/2+ | | |- | ¹⁰⁰Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 60 | 99.91776(4) | 7.1(4) s | β⁻ | ¹⁰⁰Nb | 0+ | | |- | ¹⁰¹Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 61 | 100.92114(3) | 2.3(1) s | β⁻ | ¹⁰¹Nb | 3/2+ | | |- | ¹⁰²Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 62 | 101.92298(5) | 2.9(2) s | β⁻ | ¹⁰²Nb | 0+ | | |- | ¹⁰³Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 63 | 102.92660(12) | 1.3(1) s | β⁻ | ¹⁰³Nb | (5/2-) | | |- | ¹⁰⁴Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 64 | 103.92878(43)# | 1.2(3) s | β⁻ | ¹⁰⁴Nb | 0+ | | |- | rowspan=2|¹⁰⁵Zr | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40 | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 65 | rowspan=2|104.93305(43)# | rowspan=2|0.6(1) s | β⁻ (>99.9%) | ¹⁰⁵Nb | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |- | β⁻, n (<.1%) | ¹⁰⁴Nb |- | ¹⁰⁶Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 66 | 105.93591(54)# | 200# ms
[>300 ns] | β⁻ | ¹⁰⁶Nb | 0+ | | |- | ¹⁰⁷Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 67 | 106.94075(32)# | 150# ms
[>300 ns] | β⁻ | ¹⁰⁷Nb | | | |- | ¹⁰⁸Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 68 | 107.94396(64)# | 80# ms
[>300 ns] | β⁻ | ¹⁰⁸Nb | 0+ | | |- | ¹⁰⁹Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 69 | 108.94924(54)# | 60# ms
[>300 ns] | | | | | |- | ¹¹⁰Zr | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 70 | 109.95287(86)# | 30# ms
[>300 ns] | | | 0+ | | |- | ¹¹¹Zr^[4] | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 71 | | | | | | | |- | ¹¹²Zr^[4] | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 72 | | | | | 0+ | | |- | ¹¹³Zr^[5] | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 73 | | | | | | | |- | ¹¹⁴Zr^[6] | style="text-align:right" | 40 | style="text-align:right" | 74 | | | | | 0+ | | |}

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 裂变产物
↑ 长寿命裂变产物
↑ 理论上可以β⁻β⁻成⁹⁴Mo，半衰期超过1.1×10¹⁷年
↑ 原始放射性同位素

←	同位素列表	→
钇的同位素	锆的同位素	铌的同位素

参考文献[编辑]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Barabash, A. S.; Evseev, S.; Filosofov, D.; Gavrilyuk, Yu. M.; Gangapshev, A. M.; Gorshkov, N.; Kazalov, V. V.; Kazartsev, S.; Khussainov, T.; Kuzminov, V. V.; Lubashevskiy, A.; Ponomarev, D. V.; Rozov, S.; Temerbulatova, N.; Vasilyev, S.; Yakushev, E. A.; Yumatov, V. I. First observation of single beta decay of ⁹⁶Zr. 2026-05-19. arXiv:2605.18344 可免费查阅 [nucl-ex].
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae （English）.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a ²³⁸U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (Physical Society of Japan). 2010, 79 (7): 073201. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. arXiv:1006.0305 可免费查阅. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201 可免费查阅.
↑ Shimizu, Yohei; et al. Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345MeV=nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 2018, 87 (1): 014203. Bibcode:2018JPSJ...87a4203S. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203 可免费查阅.
↑ Sumikama, T.; et al. Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110. Physical Review C. 2021, 103 (1): 014614 [2024-08-11]. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. S2CID 234019083. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248 可免费查阅. （原始内容存档于2022-03-05）.

Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）. Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

[FP-4] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 裂变产物

[5] 长寿命裂变产物

[6] 理论上可以β⁻β⁻成⁹⁴Mo，半衰期超过1.1×10¹⁷年

[7] 原始放射性同位素

[Barabash-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Barabash, A. S.; Evseev, S.; Filosofov, D.; Gavrilyuk, Yu. M.; Gangapshev, A. M.; Gorshkov, N.; Kazalov, V. V.; Kazartsev, S.; Khussainov, T.; Kuzminov, V. V.; Lubashevskiy, A.; Ponomarev, D. V.; Rozov, S.; Temerbulatova, N.; Vasilyev, S.; Yakushev, E. A.; Yumatov, V. I. First observation of single beta decay of ⁹⁶Zr. 2026-05-19. arXiv:2605.18344 可免费查阅 [nucl-ex].

[CIAAW2013-2] Meija, Juris; et al. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2016, 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[NUBASE2020-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae （English）.

[Ohnishi-8] 4.0 ^4.1 Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a ²³⁸U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (Physical Society of Japan). 2010, 79 (7): 073201. Bibcode:2010JPSJ...79g3201T. arXiv:1006.0305 可免费查阅. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201 可免费查阅.

[Shimizu-9] Shimizu, Yohei; et al. Observation of New Neutron-rich Isotopes among Fission Fragments from In-flight Fission of 345MeV=nucleon 238U: Search for New Isotopes Conducted Concurrently with Decay Measurement Campaigns. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 2018, 87 (1): 014203. Bibcode:2018JPSJ...87a4203S. doi:10.7566/JPSJ.87.014203 可免费查阅.

[10] Sumikama, T.; et al. Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110. Physical Review C. 2021, 103 (1): 014614 [2024-08-11]. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. S2CID 234019083. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248 可免费查阅. （原始内容存档于2022-03-05）.

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锆的同位素

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参考文献[编辑]

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