imported>VulcanSphere 来自 2026年1月21日 (三) 07:28

2026-01-21T07:28:30Z

新页面

{{noteTA
|G1=IT
}}
{{Lowercase}}
{{About|Linux功能|内存技术|Z-RAM|Linux内核压缩交换缓存|zswap}}
{{Infobox software
| name = zram
| title = zram
| logo = 
| logo caption =
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| screenshot = Example of zram on Linux screenshot.webp
| caption =
| screenshot_size =
| screenshot_alt =
| collapsible =
| author =
| developer =
| released = 
| discontinued =
| latest release version =
| latest release date = 
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = 
| status =
| programming language = [[C语言|C]]
| operating system = [[Linux]]
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| language count = 
| language footnote =
| genre = [[:Category:Linux内核功能|Linux核心功能]]
| license = [[GNU通用公共许可证]]
| website = {{URL|kernel.org}}
}}

'''zram'''（也称为zRAM，先前称为'''compcache'''）是[[Linux内核|Linux核心]]的一项功能，可提供[[虚拟内存压缩]]。zram通过在[[随机存取存储器|RAM]]内的压缩[[块设备]]上分页，直到必须使用[[硬盘]]上的[[Linux swap|交换空间]]，以避免在磁盘上进行分页，从而提高性能。由于zram可以用内存替代硬盘为系统提供交换空间的功能，zram可以在需要交换/分页时让Linux更好利用RAM，在物理内存较少的旧电脑上尤其如此<ref name="Linux zRam">{{Cite news |url=http://www.webupd8.org/2011/10/increased-performance-in-linux-with.html |title=Increased performance in Linux with zram (virtual swap compressed in ram) |accessdate=8 November 2011 |date=2 October 2011 |website=webupd8.org |archive-date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214095148/http://www.webupd8.org/2011/10/increased-performance-in-linux-with.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="comp">{{cite web |url=http://code.google.com/p/compcache/ |title=compcache Compressed Caching for Linux |accessdate=11 November 2011 |website=code.google.com |date=27 April 2010 |archive-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Dk3JcWKU?url=http://code.google.com/p/compcache/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

即使RAM的价格相对较低（{{As of|2014|2|lc=yes}}），zram仍有利于[[嵌入式设备]]、[[上网本]]和其它相似的低端硬件设备。这些设备通常使用[[固态存储]]，它们由于其固有性质而寿命有限，因而避免以其提供交换空间可防止其迅速磨损。此外，使用zRAM还可显著降低Linux系统用于交换的[[I/O]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQzNjY |title=ZRAM Might Finally Be Moved Out Of Linux Staging |publisher=[[Phoronix]] |date=2013-08-14 |accessdate=2014-02-09 |archive-date=2021-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126151713/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTQzNjY |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTUyNjA |title=zRAM Is Still Hoping For A Promotion |publisher=[[Phoronix]] |date=2013-11-25 |accessdate=2014-02-09 |archive-date=2021-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309055259/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTUyNjA |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

zram于3.14合并入[[Linux内核主线]]，并于2014年3月30日发布<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.14#head-72b295b09fea85de2e80f0b7850048264fed887e
| title = Linux kernel 3.14, Section 1.2. zram: Memory compression mechanism considered stable
| date = 2014-03-30
| accessdate = 2014-04-01
| website = kernelnewbies.org
| archive-date = 2021-01-15
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210115101454/https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.14#head-72b295b09fea85de2e80f0b7850048264fed887e
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>。截至发布于2014年6月8日的Linux内核3.15，zram可支持[[LZ4 (压缩算法)|LZ4]][[数据压缩|压缩算法]]，而[[LZO]]仍然作为默认的压缩后端。内核3.15中的修改还改进了性能，以及经由[[sysfs]]切换压缩算法的能力<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.15#head-52af9ef123b7c0792b09a1a0222fdc8c21ab5d4c
| title = Linux kernel 3.15, Section 1.7. zram: LZ4 compression support, improved performance
| date = 2014-06-08
| accessdate = 2014-06-15
| website = kernelnewbies.org
| archive-date = 2018-06-11
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180611135106/https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_3.15#head-52af9ef123b7c0792b09a1a0222fdc8c21ab5d4c
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>。

Google在[[Chrome OS]]中使用zram，它也成为了[[Android]] 4.4设备的一个选项<ref name="chromestory">{{cite web |url=http://www.chromestory.com/2013/03/google-enabling-zram-for-chrome-os-by-default/ |title=Google is Enabling zram for Chrome OS By Default |accessdate=29 March 2013 |4= |last=Larabel |first=Michael |website=chromestory.com |date=28 March 2013 |archive-date=2019-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130222943/http://www.chromestory.com/2013/03/google-enabling-zram-for-chrome-os-by-default/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>Google, [http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html Android KitKat | Android Developers] {{Wayback|url=http://developer.android.com/about/versions/kitkat.html |date=20131031184317 }}</ref>。此外，[[Lubuntu]]于13.10开始使用zram<ref>{{cite web |url=http://linuxvillage.org/en/2013/10/next-lubuntu-provided-with-zram-enabled/ |title=Next Lubuntu provided with zram enabled! – LinuxVillage (en) |website=linuxvillage.org |date=17 October 2013 |accessdate=10 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110202741/http://linuxvillage.org/en/2013/10/next-lubuntu-provided-with-zram-enabled/ |archivedate=2013年11月10日 }}</ref>。{{As of|2012|12}}，Ubuntu考虑为小内存的计算机默认启用zram<ref name="phoronix">{{cite web|url=http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTI0NjQ/|title=Ubuntu Linux Considers Greater Usage of zRAM|accessdate=30 October 2013|4=|last=Dinsan|first=Francis|date=8 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830210228/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=MTI0NjQ%2F|archive-date=2018-08-30|dead-url=yes}}</ref>。

== 参见 ==
* [[分頁#Linux|Linux swap]]
* [[固态硬盘#交换分区|固态硬盘上的交换分区]]
* [[zswap]]

== 参考 ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== 外部链接 ==
* [https://code.google.com/p/compcache/ Compcache, Compressed Caching for Linux] {{Wayback|url=https://code.google.com/p/compcache/ |date=20161213200005 }}
* [https://lwn.net/Articles/334649/ Compcache: in-memory compressed swapping] {{Wayback|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/334649/ |date=20210430212805 }}, May 26, 2009, LWN.net, by Nitin Gupta
* [https://lwn.net/Articles/545244/ In-kernel memory compression] {{Wayback|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/545244/ |date=20211009005751 }}, April 3, 2013, LWN.net, by Dan Magenheimer
* [http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~mfreed//docs/6.033/compression.pdf The Compression Cache: Virtual Memory Compression for Handheld Computers] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~mfreed//docs/6.033/compression.pdf |date=20150923212935 }}, March 16, 2000, by Michael J. Freedman

{{-}}

{{Linux内核}}
{{内存管理}}
{{操作系统}}

[[Category:記憶體管理]]
[[Category:Linux内核功能]]
[[Category:虚拟内存]]

Zram - 版本历史

imported>VulcanSphere 来自 2026年1月21日 (三) 07:28