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	<id>https://arolstar52-zhtest.hf.space/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Zij</id>
	<title>Zij - 版本历史</title>
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	<updated>2026-07-18T01:06:50Z</updated>
	<subtitle>在这个wiki上该页的修订历史</subtitle>
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		<title>imported&gt;Zestbot：​/* 歷史 */ bot:替換lang-x模板為langx</title>
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		<updated>2025-12-06T00:13:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;歷史：​&lt;/span&gt; bot:&lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=User:Zestbot/Bot17&amp;amp;action=edit&amp;amp;redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User:Zestbot/Bot17（页面不存在）&quot;&gt;替換lang-x模板為langx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;新页面&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{for|伊朗的村莊|伊拉姆，齊奇}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Italic title}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;{{lang|ar|zij}}&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ({{langx|fa|زيج|zīj}})是一本[[中世紀伊斯蘭天文學|伊斯蘭天文學]]書，將[[星曆表|參數]]製成表格，用於[[天文學]]計算太陽、月球、恆星和行星的[[視位置|位置]]。&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:SanjufiniZij1.jpg|thumb|撒馬爾罕天文學家Khwaja Ghazi al-Sanjufini所著的《桑茹菲尼-齊吉》。編譯於1363年。]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 詞源學 ==&lt;br /&gt;
「Zīj」這個名字來源於[[中古波斯語]]的術語「{{lang|ar|zih}}」或「{{lang|ar|zīg}}」，意思是「繩索」。該術語被認為是指編織中線的排列，它被轉移到表格數據中行和列的排列。一些這樣的書被稱為「{{lang|ar|qānūn}}」，源自等效的希臘詞「{{lang|grc|{{linktext|pref=wikt:en|κανών}}}}」&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kennedy1956&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Edward Stewart|title=Islamic Astronomical Tables|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EywLAAAAIAAJ&amp;amp;pg=PP4|access-date=29 September 2014|year=1956|publisher=[[American Philosophical Society]]|isbn=9780871694621}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 具有歷史意義的標誌 ==&lt;br /&gt;
1438/9年，天文學家和[[蘇丹]][[兀魯伯]]發表的「{{link-en|Zij-i Sultani}}」在[[近世|現代早期]]被整個伊斯蘭用作參攷「{{lang|ar|Zij}}」&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title=Time in Early Modern Islam: Calendar, Ceremony, and Chronology in the Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman Empires|last=Blake|first=Stephen P.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|location=Cambridge}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。[[奧瑪·開儼]]的「{{link-en|Zij-i Malik Shahi}}」遍及在各個蘇丹國統治下的整個現代都得到了更新&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;。「{{lang|ar|Zijes}}」被不同的帝國更新以適應它們的各種利益，例如 「{{lang|ar|Zij-i Sultani}}」由[[蒙兀兒帝國]]提供&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:1&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 歷史 ==&lt;br /&gt;
一些早期的「zīj」表格數據來自[[印度天文學|印度行星理論]]（被稱為 Sindhind）和前伊斯蘭[[薩珊王朝|薩珊]]模型，但大多數「zīj」根據 [[天動說#托勒密系統|托勒密系統]]提供數據。少數「zīj」採用反映原始觀察結果的計算結果，但大多數只採用他們的表格來反映使用不同的日曆或地理經度作為計算的基礎。由於大多數「zīj」通常遵循早期理論，因此它們的主要貢獻反映了改進的三角函數、計算和觀測技術&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kennedy1956&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Benno van Dalen, PARAMS (Database of parameter values occurring in Islamic astronomical sources), [http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/%7Edalen/params.htm &amp;quot;General background of the parameter database&amp;quot;] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505050617/http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/%7Edalen/params.htm |date=May 5, 2007 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
「zīj」的內容最初是基於[[托勒密]]的「[[手持表|實用天文表]]」（{{langx|en|Handy Tables}}），在阿拉伯語中被稱為「al-Qānūn」，在薩珊波斯編纂的「zıj-i Shāh」，以及印度的[[婆羅摩笈多]]和[[阿耶波多]]認定為[[悉檀]]。然而，穆斯林的 &amp;#039;「zīj」更為廣泛，通常包括[[年代]]、地理[[緯度]]和[[經度]]、[[恆星|星]]表、[[三角學#計算|三角函數]]、[[球面天文學]]中的函數、[[均時差]]、行星運動、[[食 (天文現象)|食]]的計算、[[新月|眉月]]首見表、天文和/或[[伊斯蘭教與占星術|占星術]]的計算，以及使用 [[均輪和本輪]][[地心說|地心]]模型的天文計算說明&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kennedy1956&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;。有一些「zīj」超越了這一傳統內容，解釋或證明了計算表格的理論或報告了觀察結果&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kennedy1956&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;。由於占星術與宗教的衝突，許多天文學家試圖將自己與占星術分開，特別是希望他們的「zīj」不用於占星術計算。然而，許多「zīj」都是這樣使用的，比如{{link-en|伊本·沙提爾|Ibn al-Shatir}}的「al-Zij al-jadīd」&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title=Islamic science and the making of the European Renaissance|last=George|first=Saliba|date=2007|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=9780262516150|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|oclc=243606365}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
從八世紀到十五世紀，已經發現了200多種不同的「zīj」，它們是由[[中古伊斯蘭天文學|伊斯蘭天文學家]]建立的。9世紀，在[[阿拔斯帝國|阿拔斯王朝]][[哈里發]]統治下的[[巴格達]]是最大的「zij」生產中心&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Kennedy1956&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;，13世紀的[[馬拉蓋天文台]]、15世紀的[[撒馬爾罕]]天文台和16世紀的{{link-en|塔齊丁君士坦丁堡天文台|Constantinople observatory of Taqi ad-Din}}。 16世紀至18世紀期間，印度也生產了近100件「zij」&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|title=Sawai Jai Singh and His Astronomy|first=Virendra Nath|last=Sharma|year=1995|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] Publ.|isbn=81-208-1256-5|pages=8–9}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。印度最著名的「zīj」之一是由[[齋浦爾土邦]]的{{link-en|薩瓦·賈伊·辛格|Sawai Jai Singh}}的{{link-en|Jantar Mantar}}天文台編纂的《zīj-i Muhammad Shāhī》。值得注意的是，它使用了望遠鏡觀測&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|title=History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26, 1997|author=S. M. Razaullah Ansari|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2002|isbn=1-4020-0657-8|page=141}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。已知的最後一篇「zīj」論文是印度天文學家古拉姆·侯賽因·揚普裏（{{langx|en| Ghulam Hussain Jaunpuri}}，1760-1862）於1838年撰寫的《zīj-i Bahadurkhani》，於1855年印刷，獻給{{link-en|巴哈杜爾·汗|Bahadur Khan}}。{{需要消歧义}}這篇論文將[[日心說]]納入了「zīj」傳統&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|title=History of oriental astronomy: proceedings of the joint discussion-17 at the 23rd General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, organised by the Commission 41 (History of Astronomy), held in Kyoto, August 25–26, 1997|author=S. M. Razaullah Ansari|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2002|isbn=1-4020-0657-8|page=138}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 列表 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Az-Zīj ‛alā Sinī al-‛Arab&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; 作者{{link-en|易蔔拉欣·法扎里}}（d. 777）和{{link-en|穆罕默德·法扎里}}（d. 796/806）&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Az-Zīj al-Mahlul min as-Sindhind li-Darajat Daraja&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Ya&amp;#039;qub ibn Tariq|Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq]] (d. 796)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj al-Sindhind&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[al-Khwarizmi#Astronomy|al-Khwarizmi]] (c. 780–850)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Az-Zij as-Sabi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī]] (Albatenius) (853–929)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj al-Safa&amp;#039;ih&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Tables of the disks of the [[astrolabe]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Abū Ja&amp;#039;far al-Khāzin]] (900–971)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj al-Kabir al-Hakimi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Ibn Yunus]] (c. 950–1009)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Az-Zīj al-Jamī wal-Baligh&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The Comprehensive and Mature Tables&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Kushyar ibn Labban]] (971–1029)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj-i Malik-Shāhī (Astronomical Handbook with Tables for Malikshah)&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1079) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; by [[Omar Khayyam]] (1048–1141)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book|title=The Oxford encyclopedia of philosophy, science, and technology in Islam|editor=Kalın, İbrahim |isbn=9780199812578|location=Oxford|oclc=868981941|year = 2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Almanac#Early almanacs|Almanac of Azarqueil]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1088) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī]] (Azarqueil) (1028–1087)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Tables of Toledo]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; based on [[Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī]] (Azarqueil) (1028–1087)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Az-Zīj As-Sanjarī&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Sinjaric Tables&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[al-Khazini]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1115–1130)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Zij-i Ilkhani]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī]] (1201–1274)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;al-Zij al-jadīd &amp;amp;mdash;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; by Ibn al-Shāṭir (1304–1375)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Hui people|Huihui]] Lifa&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Muslim System of Calendrical Astronomy&amp;#039;&amp;#039;) &amp;amp;mdash; published in China a number of times until the early 18th century,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{citation|title=The Korean Adaptation of the Chinese-Islamic Astronomical Tables|author=Yunli Shi|journal=Archive for History of Exact Sciences|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|issn=1432-0657|volume=57|issue=1|date=January 2003|doi=10.1007/s00407-002-0060-z|pages=25–60 [26]|s2cid=120199426 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Khaqani Zij&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Jamshīd al-Kāshī]] (1380–1429)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[Zij-i-Sultani]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1437) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Ulugh Beg]] (1393–1449)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Unbored Pearl&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1579–1580) &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma&amp;#039;ruf]] (1526–1585)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj-i Muhammad Shahi&amp;#039;&amp;#039; &amp;amp;mdash; by [[Jai Singh II of Amber]] (1688–1743)&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Zīj-i Bahadurkhani&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1838) &amp;amp;mdash; by Ghulam Hussain Jaunpuri (1760–1862)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 相關條目 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[天體測量學]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[曆元]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[星曆表]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[星表]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 註解 ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 參考文獻 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* E. S. Kennedy.  &amp;quot;A Survey of Islamic Astronomical Tables&amp;quot;. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Transactions of the American Philosophical Society&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, New Series, 46, 2.  Philadelphia, 1956.  (A revised version in preparation by [https://web.archive.org/web/20070521062758/http://user.uni-frankfurt.de/~dalen/ Benno van Dalen] will include over 200 zijes).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== 進階讀物 ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726192006/http://islamquranscience.org/2010/08/a-list-of-islamic-astronomical-tables/ Islam, Quran and Science: A List of Islamic Astronomical Tables] by Zakaria Virk&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:中世紀伊斯蘭世界的天文著作]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:中世紀伊斯蘭世界的占星術著作]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:天文表]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:波斯語詞彙]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>imported&gt;Zestbot</name></author>
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