2001:B011:2008:B5BA:1B1:22C0:D533:D500：Appending the reason Apple switched Bash to Zsh.

2025-03-08T02:26:33Z

Appending the reason Apple switched Bash to Zsh.

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{{NoteTA|G1=IT}}
{{Infobox software
| name = Z shell
| logo = Z Shell Logo Color Horizontal.svg
| screenshot = Zsh 5.9 screenshot.webp
| screenshot size = 300px
| caption = Zsh会话截图
| author = Paul Falstad<ref name=ZshManual>{{cite web|url=http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Introduction.html#Author|title=The Z Shell Manual|type=Version 5.0.0|publisher=Sourceforge.net|date=July 21, 2012|accessdate=September 18, 2012|archive-date=2018-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220011558/http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/Introduction.html#Author|dead-url=no}}</ref>
| developer = Peter Stephenson, et al.<ref name=ZshManual/>
| released = {{start date and age|1990}}
| latest release version = {{LSR/wikidata}}
| latest release date =
| programming language = [[C语言|C]]
| operating system = 跨平臺
| genre = [[Unix shell]]
| license = [[MIT許可證|MIT]]-like<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sourceforge.net/p/zsh/code/ci/master/tree/LICENCE|title=zsh / Code / [281031] /LICENCE|publisher=Paul Falstad|accessdate=February 7, 2015|archive-date=2021-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302213122/https://sourceforge.net/p/zsh/code/ci/master/tree/LICENCE|dead-url=no}}</ref>
}}

'''Z shell'''（'''Zsh'''）是一款可用作{{tsl|en|interactive|交互式|交互式}}登录的[[殼層|shell]]及[[Shell脚本|脚本编写]]的[[命令行界面|命令解释器]]。Zsh对[[Bourne shell]]做出了大量改进，同时加入了[[Bash]]、[[Korn shell|ksh]]及[[Tcsh|tcsh]]的某些功能。

2019年時，在MacOS上由於Bash的版本已經很舊(v3.2.57)，而新版本的Bash v5改採GPLv3授權，這是Apple公司無法接受的。於是自當時起，[[macOS]]的預設Shell已從[[Bash]]改為Zsh。

[[Kali Linux]]也使用zsh作为默认shell。

== 起源 ==
保罗·弗斯塔德（Paul Falstad）于1990年在[[普林斯顿大学]]求学时编写了Zsh的初版<ref>{{cite web|url=http://groups.google.com/group/alt.sources/msg/936c7876941058ed|title=zsh - a ksh/tcsh-like shell (part 1 of 8)|publisher=alt.sources|date=December 14, 1990|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref>。<ref>{{cite web|url= http://zsh.sourceforge.net/FAQ/zshfaq01.html#l3|title= Z-Shell Frequently-Asked Questions|publisher= Sourceforge.net|date= February 15, 2010|accessdate= September 18, 2012|archive-date= 2021-03-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210302213122/http://zsh.sourceforge.net/FAQ/zshfaq01.html#l3|dead-url= no}}</ref>名称''zsh''源于[[耶鲁大学]]教授邵中（Zhong Shao，后转为普林斯顿大学教授) — 保罗将教授的[[用户|用户名]]"zsh"作为此Shell的名称。<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.guckes.net/zsh/lover.html|title= The Z-Shell (ZSH) Lovers' Page|publisher= Guckes.net|date= c. 2004|accessdate= October 2, 2012|archive-date= 2017-05-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170517213919/http://www.guckes.net/zsh/lover.html|dead-url= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.zsh.org/mla/users/2005/msg00951.html|title= Zsh Mailing List Archive|publisher= Zsh.org|date= August 8, 2005|accessdate= October 2, 2012|archive-date= 2021-03-02|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210302213117/https://www.zsh.org/mla/users/2005/msg00951.html|dead-url= no}}</ref>

== 特性 ==
[[File:Zsh-new-user.png|thumb|Z shell向新用户提供的配置工具]]
特性包括：
* 可帮助用户键入常用命令选项及参数的可编程{{tsl|en|command-line completion|命令行补全|命令行补全功能}}，自带对数百条命令的支持
* 可与任意Shell共享[[命令行历史记录]]
* 可在无需运行外部程序（如[[find]]）的情况下通过{{tsl|en|glob (programming)|glob|文件扩展}}匹配文件
* 改进[[变量 (程序设计)|变量]]/[[数组]]处理方式
* 在单缓冲区内编辑多行命令
* [[拼寫檢查]]
* 多种兼容模式（例如，Zsh可在运行为<code>/bin/sh</code>的情况下伪装成[[Bourne shell]]）
* 可编程的[[命令行界面]]，包括将提示行信息显示在屏幕右侧并在输入过长指令时自动隐藏的功能
* 可加载模块可提供额外支持：完整[[传输控制协议]]、[[Unix域套接字]]控制、[[文件传输协议|FTP]]客户端及扩展数学函数。
* 自带<code>where</code>命令，其与<code>which</code>命令类似，但是显示指定于<code>$PATH</code>中所指定指令的全部位置，而不是仅显示所使用指令的位置。
* 目录名称。此功能可让用户设置快捷方式，（如<code>~mydir</code>，与<code>~</code>及<code>~user</code>的工作方式相似）。

== Oh My Zsh ==

[[File:Zsh-agnoster.png|thumb|运行于[[Konsole]]终端模拟器上使用Agnoster主题的Zsh]]

用户社区网站"Oh My Zsh"收集Z shell的第三方插件及主题。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ohmyz.sh|title=Oh My ZSH - Community driven framework with 150+ plugins and 100+ themes|accessdate=May 7, 2014|archive-date=2022-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201812/https://ohmyz.sh/|dead-url=no}}</ref>截止于2018年，其[[GitHub]]源共有超过1000位贡献者、200多款插件和超过140款主题。同时也带有更新已安装插件及主题的自动更新工具。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh |title=robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh |quote=A delightful community-driven (with 1,000+ contributors) framework for managing your zsh configuration. Includes 200+ optional plugins (rails, git, OSX, hub, capistrano, brew, ant, php, python, etc), over 140 themes to spice up your morning, and an auto-update tool so that makes it easy to keep up with the latest updates from the community. |access-date=2018-10-17 |archive-date=2021-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302213118/https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 另请参阅 ==
{{Portal|Free software}}
* {{tsl|en|Comparison of command shells|Shell对比|Shell对比}}

== 参考文献 ==
{{Reflist}}

== 外部链接 ==
=== 官方 ===
* [https://www.zsh.org 主要网站] {{Wayback|url=https://www.zsh.org/ |date=20220401133343 }}
* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zsh/ Sourceforge 项目页] {{Wayback|url=https://sourceforge.net/projects/zsh/ |date=20220401051958 }}
* [https://www.zsh.org/mla/ 邮件列表存档] {{Wayback|url=https://www.zsh.org/mla/ |date=20220330215106 }}
* [http://zshwiki.org/ ZSH维基] {{Wayback|url=http://zshwiki.org/ |date=20090106034724 }}

=== 文章 ===
* [http://www.zzapper.co.uk/zshtips.html Zzapper的ZSH小技巧] {{Wayback|url=http://www.zzapper.co.uk/zshtips.html |date=20220212184448 }}
* [http://www.tuxradar.com/content/z-shell-made-easy TuxRadar：轻松上手Z Shell] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tuxradar.com/content/z-shell-made-easy |date=20170512140142 }}
* [http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Guide/zshguide.html 用户指南] {{Wayback|url=http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Guide/zshguide.html |date=20210426213352 }}

=== 其他 ===
* {{Dmoz|Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Shell/zsh/|zsh}}

{{Unix Shells}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Z Shell}}
[[Category:脚本语言]]
[[Category:Unix shells]]
[[Category:面向文本编程语言]]

Z shell - 版本历史

2001:B011:2008:B5BA:1B1:22C0:D533:D500：​Appending the reason Apple switched Bash to Zsh.

2001:B011:2008:B5BA:1B1:22C0:D533:D500：Appending the reason Apple switched Bash to Zsh.