imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

2025-10-18T06:41:55Z

Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

新页面

{{Infobox rfam
| Name = Y RNA
| image = RF00019.jpg
| width =
| caption = Y RNA的預想[[二級結構]]以及[[保守序列]]
| Symbol = Y_RNA
| AltSymbols = Y1; Y2; Y3; Y5
| Rfam = RF00019
| miRBase =
| miRBase_family =
| RNA_type = [[基因]]
| Tax_domain = [[真核生物]]
| GO =
| SO = {{SO|0000405}}
| CAS_number =
| EntrezGene =
| HGNCid =
| OMIM =
| PDB =
| RefSeq =
| Chromosome =
| Arm =
| Band =
| LocusSupplementaryData =
}}
'''Y RNA'''係一種短[[非編碼RNA]]。它是[[TRIM21|Ro60核糖核蛋白顆粒]]的組分之一<ref>Y RNAs: recent developments. Adam E. Hall, Carly Turnbull, Tamas Dalmay. Biomolecular Concepts. 2013 January; 4(2):103-110. {{doi|10.1515/bmc-2012-0050}}.</ref>。在全身性紅斑狼瘡患者體內，它是患者自身抗體的攻擊目標之一<ref>{{cite journal | last = Lerner | first = MR |author2=Boyle JA |author3=Hardin JA |author4=Steitz JA | year = 1981 | title = Two novel classes of small ribonucleoproteins detected by antibodies associated with lupus erythematosus | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1981-01-23_211_4480/page/400 | journal = Science | volume = 211 | pages = 400–402 | pmid = 6164096 | doi = 10.1126/science.6164096 | issue = 4480}}</ref>。Y RNA對DNA複製來說至關重要，因爲它們能與[[染色質]]和[[起始點識別複合物]]相互作用<ref name="pmid16943439">{{cite journal | author = Christov CP, Gardiner TJ, Szüts D, Krude T | title = Functional Requirement of Noncoding Y RNAs for Human Chromosomal DNA Replication | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-and-cellular-biology_2006-09_26_18/page/6993 | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 26 | issue = 18 | pages = 6993–7004 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16943439 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.01060-06| pmc = 1592862 }}</ref><ref name="Zhang 2058–69">{{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=AT|author2=Langley, AR |author3=Christov, CP |author4=Kheir, E |author5=Shafee, T |author6=Gardiner, TJ |author7= Krude, T |title=Dynamic interaction of Y RNAs with chromatin and initiation proteins during human DNA replication.|journal=Journal of Cell Science|date=Jun 15, 2011|volume=124|issue=Pt 12|pages=2058–69|pmid=21610089|doi=10.1242/jcs.086561 |pmc=3104036}}</ref>。

==結構==
推測Y RNA的5'和3'端會摺疊形成一個保守的莖形結構。已確認Y RNA有一個單[[胞嘧啶]]（C）突出，這個突出對Y RNA與Ro蛋白的結合至關重要<ref name="pmid15907467"/><ref name="pmid10606662"/><ref>{{cite journal | last = Green | first = CD |author2=Long KS |author3=Shi H |author4=Wolin SL | year = 1998 | title = Binding of the 60-kDa Ro autoantigen to Y RNAs: evidence for recognition in the major groove of a conserved helix | journal = RNA | volume = 4 | pages = 750–765 | pmid = 9671049 | doi = 10.1017/S1355838298971667 | issue = 7 | pmc = 1369656 }}</ref>。

==功能==
目前，已知Y RNA有兩大功能：一，抑制[[TRIM21|Ro60]]；二，作爲DNA複製的一種起始因子。失去了保守的與Ro60蛋白的結合位點的突變人類Y RNA仍然能參與DNA複製<ref name="pmid16943439"/>，這說明與Ro蛋白結合以及啓動DNA複製是Y RNA的兩種互不相干的功能。儘管Y RNA的衍生小型RNA大小與[[微RNA]]相當，但是它們卻和微RNA在功能上卻毫無關係<ref>Biogenesis of Y RNA-derived small RNAs is independent of the microRNA pathway. Francisco Esteban Nicolas, Adam E. Hall, Tibor Csorba, Carly Turnbull, Tamas Dalmay. ''FEBS Letters''. 2012 April; 586(8):1226-1230. {{doi|10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.026}}.</ref>。

[[File:YRNA-Ro60.png|thumb|250px|left|圖中，[[TRIM21|自身抗原Ro]]（標成白色）與Y RNA（標成紅色）的雙鏈區末端結合。另外，還有一條單鏈RNA（標成藍色）（PDB: 1YVP [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1yvp]） {{Wayback|url=http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1yvp |date=20160304000215 }}<ref name="pmid15907467">{{cite journal | last = Stein | first = AJ |author2=Fuchs G |author3=Fu C |author4=Wolin SL |author5=Reinisch KM | year = 2005 | title = Structural insights into RNA quality control: The Ro autoantigen binds misfolded RNAs via its central cavity | journal = Cell | volume = 121 | pages = 529–537 | pmid = 15907467 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2005.03.009 | issue = 4 | pmc = 1769319}}</ref>]]

===Ro60抑制===
在自由狀態下，Ro蛋白質會與一系列的摺疊錯誤的RNA結合，比如摺疊錯誤的5S[[rRNA]]，這被認爲是（RNA）品質控制機制的一種<ref>{{cite journal | last = Reinisch | first = KM |author2=Wolin SL | year = 2007 | title = Emerging themes in non-coding RNA quality control | journal = Current Opinion in Structural Biology | volume = 17 | pages = 209–214 | pmid = 17395456 | doi = 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.03.012 | issue = 2}}</ref>。與Y RNA或另外的RNA結合的Ro複合物的[[晶體結構]]顯示，Ro蛋白質與單鏈RNA的3'端的結合特異性相對較低。但Y RNA與Ro蛋白質還會在另一位點發生特異性結合，且該結合能調控Ro複合物與其他RNA的結合<ref name="pmid15907467" />。在''[[Deinococcus]]''中，自由狀態下的Ro蛋白亦與參與23SrRNA的成熟過程<ref name="pmid17510283">{{cite journal | author = Chen X, Wurtmann EJ, Van Batavia J, Zybailov B, Washburn MP, Wolin SL | title = An ortholog of the Ro autoantigen functions in 23S rRNA maturation in D. radiodurans | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_genes-development_2007-06-01_21_11/page/1328 | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 21 | issue = 11 | pages = 1328–39 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17510283 | doi = 10.1101/gad.1548207| pmc = 1877746 }}</ref>。在該物種中，造成Y RNA缺失的[[突變]]並不致死，Y RNA在不與Ro蛋白結合時會不穩定<ref name="pmid17510283"/>。

===啓動DNA複製===
人類的Y RNA對[[DNA複製]]是不可或缺的<ref name="pmid16943439"/>。通過生物化學上的分離和重構實驗，人們已證明，在體外培養（''[[in vitro]]''）的脊椎動物細胞的[[細胞核|核]]中，Y RNA對染色體DNA的複製是必不可少的<ref name="pmid16943439"/>。如果對體外細胞或體內（''[[in vivo]]''）細胞中的Y RNA進行特異性降解的話，那麼DNA複製會被抑制<ref name="pmid16943439"/>。科學家認爲Y RNA通過作同時與染色質和與複製啓動相關的蛋白（包括[[起始識別複合體]]）結合的中間體發揮作用<ref name="Zhang 2058–69"/>。

==人類病理學中應用==
Y RNA在一些人類[[腫瘤]]中處於過度表達狀態，且爲細胞增殖所必需<ref name="pmid18283318">{{cite journal |author=Christov CP, Trivier E, Krude T |title=Noncoding human Y RNAs are overexpressed in tumours and required for cell proliferation |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=98 |issue=5 |pages=981–8 |date=March 2008 |pmid=18283318 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6604254 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-cancer_2008-03-11_98_5/page/980|pmc=2266855}}</ref>。Y染色體的與微RNA大小相近的小型分解產物可能與自體免疫病等病症有關<ref>Are the Ro RNP-associated Y RNAs concealing microRNAs? Y RNA-derived miRNAs may be involved in autoimmunity. Verhagen AP, Pruijn GJ. ''Bioessays''. 2011 Sep;33(9):674-82. {{doi|10.1002/bies.201100048}}</ref>。

==分佈==
已在真核細胞與細菌中發現了被推定爲Y RNA和Ro蛋白質的物質<ref name="pmid10606662">{{cite journal | author = Teunissen SW, Kruithof MJ, Farris AD, Harley JB, Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ | title = Conserved features of Y RNAs: a comparison of experimentally derived secondary structures | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 28 | issue = 2 | pages = 610–9 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10606662 | doi = 10.1093/nar/28.2.610| pmc = 102524 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17470436">{{cite journal | author = Perreault J, Perreault JP, Boire G | title = Ro-associated Y RNAs in metazoans: evolution and diversification | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_2007-08_24_8/page/1678 | journal = Mol. Biol. Evol. | volume = 24 | issue = 8 | pages = 1678–89 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17470436 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msm084 }}</ref>。人類應有4種Y RNA，分別是hY1、hY3、hY4，以及hY5<ref name="pmid17470436"/>。另外，人體內也有很多與Y RNA相關的假基因。秀麗隱桿線蟲（''C. elegans''）則有1種Y RNA，名爲CeY RNA。該生物體內許多[[sbRNA]]也被認爲可能與Y RNA同源<ref>{{cite journal | last = Van Horn | first = DJ |author2=Eisenberg D |author3=O'Brien CA |author4=Wolin SL | year = 1995 | title = Caenorhabditis elegans embryos contain only one major species of Ro RNP | journal = RNA | volume = 1 | pages = 293–303 | pmid = 7489501 | issue = 3 | pmc = 1369082}}</ref><ref name="pmid20349053">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boria I, Gruber AR, Tanzer A, etal |title=Nematode sbRNAs: Homologs of Vertebrate Y RNAs |journal=J Mol Evol |volume= 70|issue= 4|pages= 346–58|date=March 2010 |pmid=20349053 |doi=10.1007/s00239-010-9332-4 |url=}}</ref>。[[抗輻射奇異球菌]]（''Deinococcus radiodurans''）編碼一種與Ro蛋白同源的蛋白質，名爲rsr（Ro sixty related，意爲第六個與Ro有關的）。用UV燈對該菌進行照射，可以誘導編碼rsr的基因的表達。在該情況下，抗輻射奇異球菌的菌體內至少會出現4種短RNA，其中一種RNA似乎與Y RNA具有同源性<ref>{{cite journal | last = Chen | first = X |author2=Quinn AM |author3=Wolin SL | year = 2000 | title = Ro ribonucleoproteins contribute to the resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans to ultraviolet irradiation | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_genes-development_2000-04-01_14_7/page/776 | journal = Genes Dev | volume = 14 | pages = 777–782 | pmid = 10766734 | issue = 7 | pmc = 316496 | doi = 10.1101/gad.14.7.777 }}</ref>。

==參考==
{{reflist|35em}}

==外部連結==
* {{Rfam|id=RF00019|name=Y RNA}}
{{核酸}}

[[Category:非編碼RNA]]

Y RNA - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 4 books for verifiability (20251017sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot