2026年3月15日 (日) 16:50 imported>Houjianyou

2026-03-15T16:50:06Z

新页面

{{Distinguish|XZ实用程序}}

{{lowercase|title=xz}}
{{NoteTA|G1=IT}}
{{Rough translation}}
{{Infobox file format
| name = xz
| extension = .xz
| mime = application/x-xz
| type code = .7zXZ
| owner = [[The Tukaani Project]]
| latest release version = 1.2.1
| latest release date = {{release date|2024|04|08}}
| free = 是
| url = {{URL|https://tukaani.org/xz/format.html}}
}}

'''xz'''是一个使用[[LZMA|LZMA/LZMA2]]压缩[[算法]]的[[无损数据压缩]][[文件格式]]。

== 设计 ==
和[[gzip]]与[[bzip2]]一样，同样支持多文件压缩，但是约定不能将多于一个的目标文件压缩进同一个[[归档文件]]。相反，xz通常作为一种归档文件自身的压缩格式，例如使用[[tar (计算机科学)|tar]]或[[cpio]] [[Unix]]程序创建的归档。xz在[[GNU]] [[coreutils]]（版本7.1或更新）<ref>[ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/ GNU Coreutils files] {{Wayback|url=ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/ |date=20110510224716 }}（See version 7.1 and newer files ending in ''.tar.xz''）</ref>中被使用。xz作为压缩软件被收录在[[Fedora (作業系統)|Fedora]]（自Fedora 12起）<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XZRpmPayloads |title=Fedora 12: Features/XZRpmPayloads |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517003223/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XZRpmPayloads }}</ref>、[[Arch Linux]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.archlinux.org/news/switching-to-xz-compression-for-new-packages/ |title=Archlinux News: Switching to xz compression for new packages |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-date=2011-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101150005/http://www.archlinux.org/news/switching-to-xz-compression-for-new-packages/ }}</ref>、[[FreeBSD]]、[[Slackware Linux]]和[[Funtoo Linux]]中。

== 实现 ==
一个xz文件格式的实现[[XZ实用程序]]已可在网上自由获得，在[[GNU Lesser General Public License|GNU LGPL]]和[[GNU General Public License|GNU GPL]]条款下发布，同时还有大量软件进入了公有领域（例如liblzma等）。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tukaani.org/xz/ |title=XZ Utils Web site |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151110074552/http://tukaani.org/xz/ |archive-date=2015-11-10 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>[[GNU]] [[tar (计算机科学)|tar]]自版本1.22起使用这一软件透明支持xz文件格式（就如同其处理gzip格式或者bzip2格式一样）。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/#releases |title=GNU tar Web site: References |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-date=2008-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002040550/http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/#releases }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/tar.git/tree/ChangeLog.CVS?id=9077de9fa91886697a1294891a8d4e6d17fcd30b |title=Changelog for Tar 1.22 |access-date=2011-03-18 |archive-date=2012-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323111217/http://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/tar.git/tree/ChangeLog.CVS?id=9077de9fa91886697a1294891a8d4e6d17fcd30b }}</ref>

xz命令行程序曾有过一个名为pxz的分支，提供多线程压缩功能，后来xz在5.2时本身就直接提供多线程了。

[[7-Zip]]在9.04 beta版支持了xz文件格式。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://7-zip.org/history.txt |title=7-Zip release history |accessdate=2011-03-18 |archive-date=2011-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506064445/http://www.7-zip.org/history.txt |dead-url=no }}</ref>

[[WinRAR]] 在版本 5 支持了xz格式。

== 使用 ==
xz以其优异的性能和压缩比<ref>{{cite web|author1=Lasse Collin|title=A Quick Benchmark: Gzip vs. Bzip2 vs. LZMA|url=http://tukaani.org/lzma/benchmarks.html|accessdate=2015-10-21|ref=gzip_bzip_lzma_bench|date=2005-05-31|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013945/https://tukaani.org/lzma/benchmarks.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>成为了不少开源软件（例如[[GNU]] [[coreutils]]项目、<ref>{{Citation | url = ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/ | publisher = GNU | title = Coreutils | contribution = files | format = [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] | accessdate = 2011-03-18 | archive-date = 2011-05-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110510224716/http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/ | dead-url = no }} (see version 7.1 and newer files ending in ''.tar.xz'').</ref> [[Debian]]系列系统[[deb|deb包格式]]、[[openSUSE]]、<ref>{{Citation | url = https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:RPM_sucks | publisher = openSUSE | title = News | contribution = openSUSE has moved off of LZMA to xz | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2022-04-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220416131223/https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:RPM_sucks }}.</ref>[[Fedora]]<ref>{{Citation | url = https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XZRpmPayloads | publisher = Fedora | edition = 12 | title = Features | contribution = XZ RPM payloads | format = wiki | accessdate = 2011-03-18 | archive-date = 2022-05-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220517003223/https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/XZRpmPayloads }}.</ref> 、[[Arch Linux]]、<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.archlinux.org/news/switching-to-xz-compression-for-new-packages/ | publisher = Archlinux | title = News | contribution = Switching to xz compression for new packages | accessdate = 2011-03-18 | archive-date = 2011-11-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111101150005/http://www.archlinux.org/news/switching-to-xz-compression-for-new-packages/ }}.</ref>[[Slackware]]、<ref>{{Citation | url = ftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-13.0/ChangeLog.txt | publisher = Slackware | edition = 13.0 | type = changelog | title = Entry | date = May 8, 2009 | format = FTP}}.</ref>[[FreeBSD]]、<ref>{{Citation | url = http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-January/061131.html | publisher = Free BSD | title = Stable | date = Jan 2011 | format = mailing list post | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2022-04-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220416131230/https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2011-January/061131.html }}.</ref>[[Gentoo Linux|Gentoo]]、<ref>{{Citation | url = http://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/msg_7de1b57ce531fdf33d33b5b070006436.xml | type = RFC | title = Dev | contribution = Remove .lzma in favor of .xz portage snapshots | publisher = Gentoo | format = mailing list post | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2013-11-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131112163843/http://archives.gentoo.org/gentoo-dev/msg_7de1b57ce531fdf33d33b5b070006436.xml | dead-url = no }}.</ref> [[GNOME]]<ref>{{Citation | publisher = Gnome | date = Apr 2011 | format = mailing list post | url = https://mail.gnome.org/archives/devel-announce-list/2011-April/msg00008.html | title = Devel | contribution = Important: Switch of GNOME tarball compression format | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2022-04-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220416131239/https://mail.gnome.org/archives/devel-announce-list/2011-April/msg00008.html }}.</ref>以及[[TeX Live]]<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/archive | publisher = CTAN | type = directory | title = tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/archive | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2022-04-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220416131238/https://ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/texlive/tlnet/archive }}.</ref>）的压缩方式之一，同时也可以是压缩[[Linux 内核]]的格式。<ref>{{Citation | title = xz embedded | format = Git | url = http://git.tukaani.org/?p=xz-embedded.git | publisher = Tukaani | accessdate = 2016-02-07 | archive-date = 2022-04-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220416131235/https://git.tukaani.org/?p=xz-embedded.git }}.</ref> 2013年3月，[[kernel.org]]宣布使用xz作为发行内核源代码的默认格式。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kernel.org/xz-by-default-and-json.html|work=The Linux Kernel Archives|publisher=Linux Kernel Organization, Inc.|date=2013-03-11|title=XZ by default and JSON|access-date=2016-02-07|archive-date=2021-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308134335/https://www.kernel.org/xz-by-default-and-json.html}}</ref>

== 参见 ==
* [[LZMA|LZMA算法]]
* [[无损数据压缩]]
* [[XZ实用程序后门]]

== 引用 ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Archive formats}}
[[Category:数据压缩自由软件]]
[[Category:用C編程的自由軟體]]
[[Category:Unix归档和压缩相关实用工具]]

Xz - 版本历史

2026年3月15日 (日) 16:50 imported>Houjianyou