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补救19个来源，并将0个来源标记为失效。) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (KCUSCBZMOGYNMYBGBBFRQQIZCGYNKGOC - 28701

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{{NoteTA
| G1 = UK Places
| G2 = PP
| G3 = Food
}}
{{Infobox company
| name = {{lang|en|J D Wetherspoon plc}}
| logo = Wetherspoon logo.svg
| image =
| image_caption =
| former_name = {{lang|en|J.D. Wetherspoon Organisation Limited}} (1983{{endash}}1992)<ref name="CompaniesHouse">{{Cite web |date=1983-03-25 |title=J D WETHERSPOON PLC overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01709784 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=[[公司註冊處 (英國)|公司註冊處]] |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401165106/https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/01709784 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
| type = [[公眾有限公司]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{LSE|JDW}}|[[富時250指數]]成份股}}
| genre =
| fate =
| foundation = {{startdate|1979}}
| founder = {{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}[[爵士]]
| defunct =
| location = {{ENG}}[[沃特福德 (英國)|和福]]
| area_served = [[英國]]、[[愛爾蘭]]、[[西班牙]]<ref name="alicante">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2025/nov/21/wetherspoons-opens-first-pub-spain-alicante-airport-eu|title=Wetherspoons to open first pub in Spain – offering garlic prawns and beer from 6am|first=Rob|last=Davies|date=2025-11-21|via=[[英國衛報|衛報]]}}</ref>
| key_people = {{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}[[爵士]]（[[主席]]）<br />{{le|約翰·哈森|John Hutson}} ([[行政總裁]])
| industry = [[接待業|膳食及住宿服務業]]
| products =
| services = [[英式酒吧]]及[[酒店]]
| revenue = {{increase}} £21.275億[[英鎊]]（2025）<ref name=results>{{cite web| url = https://www.investors.jdwetherspoon.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/10/Annual-Report-03-October-2025.pdf| title = Annual Report 2025| access-date = 2026-01-28| publisher = [[Wetherspoon]]| archive-date = 2025-10-15| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20251015041026/https://www.investors.jdwetherspoon.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2025/10/Annual-Report-03-October-2025.pdf| dead-url = no}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} £1.464億[[英鎊]] (2025)<ref name=results/>
| net_income = {{increase}} £6800萬[[英鎊]]（2025）<ref name=results/>
| aum =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees = 42,081人（2025）<ref name=results/>
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|https://jdwetherspoon.com}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}'''（簡稱：{{lang|en|Spoons}}）是[[英國]]的一家飲食及酒店集團，主要經營[[連鎖]][[英式酒吧]]，業務遍及[[英國]]、[[萌島]]、[[愛爾蘭]]及[[西班牙]]等地。

成立於1979年，總部設於[[英格蘭]]的[[沃特福德 (英國)|和福]]。截止2026年2月，該公司在全球經營814間[[酒吧]]及56間[[酒店]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pubs/all-pubs|title=Search Here To Find Your Local Pub|publisher=[[Wetherspoon]]|access-date=2026-02-18|archive-date=2024-07-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721122759/https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pubs/all-pubs|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hotels.jdwetherspoon.com/hotel-search/|title=Search Here To Find A Hotel|publisher=[[Wetherspoon]]|access-date=2026-02-18|archive-date=2025-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251214234555/https://hotels.jdwetherspoon.com/hotel-search/|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 歷史 ==

1979年，創辦人{{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}在[[倫敦]][[馬斯韋爾山]]的{{lang|en|Colney Hatch Lane}}開設首間酒吧。早期多間{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}分吧亦位於[[哈林蓋區]]西部。「{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}」的名稱源自兩個元素：一是[[美國]]電視劇《[[正義前鋒]]》中的角色{{lang|en|{{le|JD Hogg}}}}、二是{{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}在新西蘭求學時一名老師的姓氏{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}；該名老師以無法有效管理課堂著稱，而馬丁認為這與首間酒吧的營運情況非常相似，遂以此命名<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=The real pub landlord |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/mar/03/theeuro.europeanunion |work=The Guardian |date=2002-03-03 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2019-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231827/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2002/mar/03/theeuro.europeanunion |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

1990年代，該公司開始慣常關閉規模較小或盈利較低的酒吧，並在附近以較大型舖位取而代之。1998年，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}推出容量較大的[[啤酒杯]]，以宣傳「滿杯一[[品脫]]」（{{lang|en|full pint}}）的概念<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Investment Column: Wetherspoon dips in growth glitch |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/the-investment-column-wetherspoon-dips-in-growth-glitch-1149610.html |website=The Independent |date=1998-03-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2012-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628001258/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/the-investment-column-wetherspoon-dips-in-growth-glitch-1149610.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。該措施其後遭取消，據稱原因是顧客仍要求「加滿」，亦有說法指其他連鎖式酒吧未有跟隨採用此做法<ref>{{Cite web |title=CAMRA North London - Full Pint Issue 6 |url=http://www.camranorthlondon.org.uk/fullpint/fp0605.html |website=www.camranorthlondon.org.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604093624/http://www.camranorthlondon.org.uk/fullpint/fp0605.html |archive-date=2008-06-04 |access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref>。

在英國酒吧業而言，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}首創在旗下酒吧內設立非吸煙區，以挽留非吸煙的顧客群<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wetherspoon pubs ban smoking |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4201053.stm |date=2005-01-24 |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2007-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302094718/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4201053.stm |dead-url=no }}</ref>；有關措施早於[[英格蘭與威爾斯]]的《{{le|2006年衛生法令|Health Act 2006}}》、[[蘇格蘭]]的《{{le|2005年吸煙、衛生及社會關懷（蘇格蘭）法令|Smoking, Health and Social Care (Scotland) Act 2005}}》及[[北愛爾蘭]]的《{{le|2006年吸煙（北愛爾蘭）命令|The Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006}}》生效前已經率先實施。

2015年，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}被裁定須向八名人士合共賠償24,000英鎊，原因是其[[北倫敦]][[伊斯靈頓]]的「The Corone」酒吧拒絕他們入內，被法官裁定屬「直接[[種族歧視]]」。法官指出，該決定基於「刻板假設[[愛爾蘭流浪者]]及[[英格蘭]][[吉卜賽人]]無論到哪裏都會引起騷亂」<ref>{{Cite news |title=Travellers win Wetherspoon pub ban discrimination case |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-32783569 |work=BBC News |date=2015-05-18 |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2025-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251215171916/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-32783569 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2018年4月16日，該公司刪除所有官方[[社交媒體]]帳號。主席{{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}表示，此舉是因為「當前圍繞社交媒體的不良宣傳，包括對[[國會議員 (英國)|國會議員]]等人士的[[網絡攻擊]]」<ref>{{Cite news |title=JD Wetherspoon closes all of its social media accounts with immediate effect |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/04/16/jd-wetherspoon-closes-social-media-accounts-immediate-effect/ |last=Smith |first=Sophie |work=[[每日電訊報]] |date=2018-04-16 |language=en-gb |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006214534/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/04/16/jd-wetherspoon-closes-social-media-accounts-immediate-effect/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2018年7月9日，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}以英國及澳洲[[氣泡酒]]取代[[香檳]]，並表示此舉旨在為每週約200萬名顧客降低價格；值得注意的是，創辦人兼主席{{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}是[[英國脫歐]]的鼎力支持者，並曾經表示{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}將可在脫歐後引入更便宜的非歐洲[[酒]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetherspoon to replace champagne with British sparkling wines in the run-up to Brexit |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/wetherspoons-brexit-latest-champagne-sparkling-wines-beer-menu-a8396341.html |website=The Independent |date=2018-06-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2025-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113041411/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/wetherspoons-brexit-latest-champagne-sparkling-wines-beer-menu-a8396341.html |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2020年3月中，在[[2019冠狀病毒病英國疫情|2019冠狀病毒病疫情]]期間，[[英國政府]]建議民眾避免前往酒吧、夜店、餐廳及健身室等場所；因此，多間酒吧連鎖相繼暫停營業。然而，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}主席{{le|蒂姆·馬丁|Tim Martin (businessman)}}拒絕政府建議，最初未有關閉任何分店，並表示其直覺認為「關閉酒吧不會拯救生命，卻會令數以千計職位流失」<ref>{{Cite news |title=JD Wetherspoon boss says closing UK pubs will not stop coronavirus |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/20/coronavirus-wetherspoons-boss-says-uk-pubs-will-stay-open-as-long-as-possible |last=Davies |first=Rob |work=The Guardian |date=2020-03-20 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref>。政府其後下令所有酒吧自3月21日起必須關閉。

馬丁又表示，如轄下員工獲[[超級市場|超市]]聘用，應考慮接受有關職位，並承諾日後若重返{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}工作，將獲優先聘用<ref>{{Cite web |title=Millionaire Wetherspoon’s boss says staff might want to work for Tesco |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/coronavirus-wetherspoon-tim-martin-pub-closed-tesco-supermarket-uk-a9420906.html |website=The Independent |date=2020-03-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2022-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020111949/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/coronavirus-wetherspoon-tim-martin-pub-closed-tesco-supermarket-uk-a9420906.html%3famp |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2020年3月，該公司通知供應商，在旗下874間酒吧獲准於[[封城]]後重開前，將不會如期付款<ref>{{Cite news |title=JD Wetherspoon refuses to pay suppliers until lockdown ends |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/25/jd-wetherspoon-refuses-pay-suppliers-until-uk-coronavirus-lockdown-ends |last=Davies |first=Rob |work=The Guardian |date=2020-03-25 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref>。同年10月，公司公布36年來首次錄得虧損。截至2020年7月止財政年度，稅前虧損為3,410萬英鎊；對上一年度則錄得1億零250萬英鎊稅前盈利<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pub chain Wetherspoons pushed by Covid to first annual loss since 1984 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/972248cf-1a78-4c3a-b50e-f3e58b29df6e |website=[[金融時報 (英國)|金融時報]] |date=2020-10-16 |language=en-gb |last=Hancock |first=Alice |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2022-12-10 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/972248cf-1a78-4c3a-b50e-f3e58b29df6e |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2025年5月，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}於[[道格拉斯 (马恩岛)|道格拉斯]]開設其在[[萌島]]的首間分店。當地餐飲業界對其進一步擴張的可行性表示質疑<ref>{{Cite news |title='We didn’t really expect it': Pub bosses react to Wetherspoons announcement |url=https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/we-didnt-really-expect-it-pub-bosses-react-to-wetherspoons-announcement-779560 |work=Isle of Man |date=2025-04-01 |language=en |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250913114759/https://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/we-didnt-really-expect-it-pub-bosses-react-to-wetherspoons-announcement-779560 |archive-date=2025-09-13 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

2026年1月，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}於[[西班牙]][[阿利坎特-埃爾切機場]]開設其首間位於[[英倫諸島]]以外的酒吧<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetherspoon’s first pub in Spain |url=https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/news/first-wetherspoon-pub-in-spain/ |website=J D Wetherspoon |date=2025-12-12 |language=en-GB |last=jvaughan |access-date=2026-02-19 |archive-date=2026-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101011339/https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/news/first-wetherspoon-pub-in-spain/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 業務 ==

=== 飲食 ===

[[File:Cask beer pumps on the Bar at the Broken Bridge, Horsefair, Pontefract (4th December 2022).jpg|thumb|right|位於[[庞蒂弗拉克特]]的「{{lang|en|Broken Bridge}}」酒吧之桶裝啤酒泵]]

[[File:WS Rochdale Chicken Katsu Curry Rice.jpg|thumb|right|在[[羅奇代爾]]的「{{lang|en|Regal Moon}}」酒吧供應的[[吉列豬排|吉列雞排]][[咖哩飯]]]]

{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}以低價餐飲為定位，主攻大眾市場。旗下每間酒吧均全日供應一份高度標準化的大型餐單，塑造出「樸實無華、物有所值」的品牌形象<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=How Britain fell for Wetherspoon’s |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/06/how-britain-fell-for-wetherspoons |last=Cumming |first=Ed |work=The Guardian |date=2017-08-06 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref>。[[居英港人]]亦習慣稱其為「英國[[大家樂]]」，反映其價格實惠、分店林立的賣點<ref>{{Cite web |title=英國大家樂街坊最like！ |url=https://www.am730.com.hk/column/%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB/346278/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%B6%E6%A8%82%E8%A1%97%E5%9D%8A%E6%9C%80like- |website=[[am730]] |date=2022-11-04 |language=zh-hk |author=關人英事: 關餅氏 |access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref>。

該公司聲稱自己是[[英國]]「唯一一家所有分店均於清晨營業的大型酒吧集團」，經常供應[[早餐]]及[[咖啡]]。其餐單亦定期加入較健康及適合過敏人士的選項，並在每項食品旁標示卡路里數值。每週亦有不同主題的「優惠俱樂部」，為特定的菜餚或套餐提供折扣優惠，例如<ref>{{Cite web |title=New clubs - Lower prices |url=https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/news/new-clubs-lower-prices/ |website=[[Wetherspoon]] |date=2025-06-06 |language=en-GB |last=Swindells |first=Jen |access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-date=2026-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210231153/https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/news/new-clubs-lower-prices/ |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetherspoons to run Curry Club and Steak Club every day |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/whats-on/food-drink/wetherspoons-run-curry-club-steak-5549161 |website=Leicestershire Live |date=2021-06-21 |language=en |last=Bedford |first=Corey |access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-date=2025-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815194529/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/whats-on/food-drink/wetherspoons-run-curry-club-steak-5549161 |dead-url=no }}</ref>：
* 逢星期三：[[披薩]]餅俱樂部（{{langx|en|Pizza Club}}）
* 逢星期四：[[咖喱]]俱樂部（{{langx|en|Curry Club}}）

每逢三月至四月及十月期間，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}都會舉辦[[啤酒节|啤酒節]]，旗下酒吧會提供比平時更多款式的客席[[艾尔啤酒|艾爾啤酒]]。此外，該公司適逢夏季亦會舉辦[[苹果酒|蘋果酒節]]。公司曾自稱為全國對[[手工啤酒]]投資最多的企業<ref name=":0" />。

=== 酒店 ===

在1990年代末，{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}在進行擴張之際開始收購部份附帶[[酒吧]]的舊酒店物業，並決定保留及接管其住宿業務。自此，該公司以「{{lang|en|Wetherlodges}}」品牌經營數家酒店。

由於旗下酒店通常與{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}酒吧相連，利用既有人流優勢吸引住客，初期酒店入住率一度接近100％<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of JD Wetherspoon plc |url=https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/jd-wetherspoon-plc-history/ |website=FundingUniverse |language=en |access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-date=2025-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250809125233/https://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/jd-wetherspoon-plc-history/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。目前，該公司仍積極尋找機會在酒吧上方或附近設置酒店<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wetherspoons seeks room for expansion |url=https://www.hospitalityinvestor.com/150/wetherspoons-seeks-room-expansion |website=Hospitality Investor |date=2025-09-01 |language=en |last=Faithfull |first=Mark |access-date=2026-02-18}}</ref>。

[[File:J D Wetherspoon's "The White Hart" Station Approach, Todmorden, West Yorkshire OL14 7BD - geograph.org.uk - 2546056.jpg|thumb|位於[[托德莫登]]的「{{lang|en|The White Hart}}」酒吧及酒店]]

== 選址 ==

雖然部分{{lang|en|Wetherspoon}}酒吧為新建或20世紀後期落成的物業，但不少酒吧均由已停用的歷史建築改建而成，包括[[銀行]]、[[教堂]]、[[郵政局]]、[[劇院]]，甚至前[[公眾游泳池]]，其中不少屬[[登錄建築]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pub histories |url=https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pub-histories/ |website=J D Wetherspoon |language=en-GB |access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-date=2026-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260130214738/https://www.jdwetherspoon.com/pub-histories/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。各個酒吧通常按照建築物或所在地的歷史背景作主題式設計，並屢次獲得設計獎項<ref name=":0" />。這被視為公司重視地方歷史策略的一部分，例如在店內顯眼位置展示本地歷史海報、設立專門的酒吧歷史頁面，以及採用獨特設計的地氈圖案<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Nathan |title=History in the pub: The historiography of J.D. Wetherspoon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932723000467 |journal=Endeavour |date=2024-03-01 |volume=48 |issue=1 |doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100889 |issn=0160-9327 |access-date=2026-02-18 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516124859/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932723000467 |dead-url=no }}</ref>。

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

[[Category:伦敦证券交易所上市公司]]
[[Category:1979年成立的餐飲公司]]
[[Category:英國餐廳集團]]
[[Category:英国旅馆]]

Wetherspoons - 版本历史

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