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{{Starbox begin
| name = WHL0137-LS 埃蘭迪爾<br/>WHL0137-LS (Earendel)
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[File:The Sunrise Arc galaxy with lensed star Earendel -b.png|250px]]
| caption = [[哈伯太空望遠鏡]]在2022年3月30日所攝的圖像
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = [[J2000]]
| constell= [[鲸鱼座]]
| ra = {{RA|01|37|23.232}}<ref name="NAT-20220330">{{Cite journal|title=A highly magnified star at redshift 6.2|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04449-y|last=Welch|first=Brian|last2=Coe|first2=Dan|date=2022-03|journal=[[自然 (期刊)|Nature]]|issue=7903|doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04449-y|volume=603|pages=815–818|language=en|issn=1476-4687|pmid=35354998|last3=Diego|first3=Jose M.|last4=Zitrin|first4=Adi|last5=Zackrisson|first5=Erik|last6=Dimauro|first6=Paola|last7=Jiménez-Teja|first7=Yolanda|last8=Kelly|first8=Patrick|last9=Mahler|first9=Guillaume|access-date=2022-04-02|archive-date=2022-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330194550/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04449-y}}</ref>
| dec = {{Dec|–8|27|52.20}}<ref name="NAT-20220330" />
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
|dist_ly = [[紅移#測量、特性和解釋|z]]=6.2±0.1，[[同移距離]]280億
|dist_footnote = <ref name="Kabir" />
}}
{{Starbox character
|appmag_1_passband=F435W
|appmag_1=27.2<ref name="NAT-20220330" />
}}{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name="NAT-20220330" />
| mass = 144
| radius = 90
| luminosity = 2,050,000
| temperature = 23,000
| metal_fe = -8.41
| age_gyr = 12.9
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names= 埃蘭迪爾（Earendel）
}}
{{Starbox end}}
{{Commonscat|Earendel}}
'''WHL0137-LS'''，又稱「'''埃蘭迪爾'''」（{{langx|en|Earendel}}；在[[古英語]]中意指「{{link-en|奧凡迪爾|Aurvandill|晨星}}」），是在2022年發現，迄今為止觀測到的最遙遠[[恆星]]<ref name="NASA-20220330">{{Cite web|title=Record Broken: Hubble Spots Farthest Star Ever Seen|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/record-broken-hubble-spots-farthest-star-ever-seen|access-date=2022-04-05|date=2022-03-29|last=Gianopoulos|first=Andrea|work=[[美国国家航空航天局|NASA]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330215951/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/record-broken-hubble-spots-farthest-star-ever-seen/|archivedate=2022-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>。

== 觀測 ==
2022年3月30日，[[美国国家航空航天局|美國太空總署]]宣佈WHL0137-LS的發現<ref name="NAT-20220330" /><ref name="STSI-20220330">{{Cite web|title=Record Broken: Hubble Spots Farthest Star Ever Seen|url=http://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-003|access-date=2022-04-05|work=[[太空望遠鏡科學研究所|HubbleSite.org]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330212509/https://hubblesite.org/contents/news-releases/2022/news-2022-003|archive-date=2022-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>，此前[[哈伯太空望遠鏡]]曾分別在2016年6月7日、7月17日、2019年11月4日11月27日對其拍攝<ref name="HubbleSite.org 2022">{{cite web|title=Lensed Star Earendel|url=http://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2022/003/01FWRZTQFDGGP05KM1PRCCNZ1E|access-date=2022-04-02|date=2022-03-30|website=HubbleSite.org|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402044103/https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2022/003/01FWRZTQFDGGP05KM1PRCCNZ1E}}</ref>。該恆星是由於正前方[[星系團]]發生[[重力透鏡效應]]，放大了來自恆星的光才被發現。透鏡效應的電腦模擬顯示，WHL0137-LS的亮度被放大了1000至40000倍<ref name="AT-20220330">{{Cite web|title=Hubble picks up the most distant star yet observed|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/03/hubble-picks-up-the-most-distant-star-yet-observed/|access-date=2022-04-05|date=2022-03-30|last=Timmer|first=John|work=[[Ars Technica]]|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330212413/https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/03/hubble-picks-up-the-most-distant-star-yet-observed/|archive-date=2022-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>。

WHL0137-LS的暱稱「埃蘭迪爾」來自[[古英語]]的「{{link-en|奧凡迪爾|Aurvandill|晨星}}」（Aurvandill），後者又有「冉冉升起的光」之意<ref name="NAT-20220330" /><ref name="AST-20220330">{{Cite web|title=Hubble spots the farthest star ever seen|url=https://astronomy.com/news/2022/03/hubble-spots-the-farthest-star-ever-seen|access-date=2022-04-05|last=Wednesday|first=Jake Parks {{!}} Published:|work=Astronomy.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331083300/https://astronomy.com/news/2022/03/hubble-spots-the-farthest-star-ever-seen|archive-date=2022-03-31|deadurl=no}}</ref>。[[埃蘭迪爾]]也是[[J·R·R·托爾金]]小說《[[精靈寶鑽]]》中帶著[[精靈寶鑽 (寶物)|精靈寶鑽]]乘船飛往天空，像「晨星」一樣明亮的[[半精靈]]的名字，NASA天文學家{{link-en|米雪兒·塞勒|Michelle Thaller}}證實此名稱是為了致敬托爾金<ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet Earendel: Hubble telescope's most distant star discovery gets a Tolkien-inspired name|url=https://www.space.com/hubble-most-distant-star-tolkien-name-earendil|access-date=2022-04-05|date=2022-03-31|work=Space.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331184204/https://www.space.com/hubble-most-distant-star-tolkien-name-earendil|archive-date=2022-03-31|deadurl=no}}</ref>。此外，WHL0137-LS的[[寄主星系]]則被叫作「黎明之弧」（Sunrise Arc）<ref name="FAZ 2022">{{Cite news|title=Tiefe Astronomie: Der früheste Stern|url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/weltraum/hubble-weltraum-teleskop-entdeckt-den-fruehesten-stern-17923622.html|newspaper=[[法兰克福汇报|FAZ.NET]]|accessdate=2022-04-05|issn=0174-4909|language=de|first=Ulf von|last=Rauchhaupt|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331150208/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/weltraum/hubble-weltraum-teleskop-entdeckt-den-fruehesten-stern-17923622.html}}</ref>。

哈伯太空望遠鏡未來將進一步觀測WHL0137-LS，以確認其特性<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Monitoring Earendel, the Lensed z 6 Star|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021hst..prop16668C|last=Coe|first=Dan|last2=Welch|first2=Brian|date=2021-06-01|journal=HST Proposal|pages=16668|last3=Acebron|first3=Ana|last4=Avila|first4=Roberto|last5=Bradac|first5=Marusa|last6=Bradley|first6=Larry|last7=Diego|first7=Jose M.|last8=Dimauro|first8=Paola|last9=Farag|first9=Ebraheem|access-date=2022-04-05|archive-date=2022-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401151939/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021hst..prop16668C}}</ref>，而[[詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜]]未來亦會有同樣的任務<ref name="NAT-20220330" />。擁有更高靈敏度的韋伯太空望遠鏡將分析WHL0137-LS的[[恆星光譜]]，以揭示是否有比[[氫]]和[[氦]]重的元素存在<ref name="FAZ 2022" />，並確認其是否真的是一顆恆星<ref name="Kabir">{{Cite web|title=Hubble Detects Earendel, The Farthest Star Ever Seen. It’s 28 Billion Light Years Away|url=https://news.abplive.com/science/hubble-detects-earendel-the-farthest-star-ever-seen-it-s-28-billion-light-years-away-1522838|access-date=2022-03-31|date=2022-03-31|last=Kabir|first=Radifah|work=news.abplive.com|publisher=ABP News|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331120519/https://news.abplive.com/science/hubble-detects-earendel-the-farthest-star-ever-seen-it-s-28-billion-light-years-away-1522838|archive-date=2022-03-31|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name="SA-20220330">{{Cite web|title=The Most Distant Single Star Was Just Detected, as Ancient as The Cosmic Dawn|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-detected-a-single-star-just-900-million-years-after-the-big-bang|access-date=2022-04-05|last=Starr|first=Michelle|work=ScienceAlert|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331021748/https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-detected-a-single-star-just-900-million-years-after-the-big-bang|archive-date=2022-03-31|deadurl=no}}</ref>。

== 物理性質 ==
經過探測，WHL0137-LS的光確定是在[[大爆炸]]後9億年發出，且有著6.2±0.1的[[紅移]]，意味著這顆恆星的光需129億年才能到達地球<ref name="NAT-20220330" /><ref name="AT-20220330" /><ref name="VRG-20220330">{{Cite web|title=Meet Earendel, the most distant star ever detected|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/30/23002980/earendel-hubble-most-distant-star-gravitational-lensing-jwst|access-date=2022-04-05|date=2022-03-30|last=Letzter|first=Rafi|work=[[The Verge]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330215030/https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/30/23002980/earendel-hubble-most-distant-star-gravitational-lensing-jwst|archive-date=2022-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>，而之前發現的最遠恆星[[MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1]]（又稱「[[伊卡洛斯]]」）<ref name="NA-20180402">{{Cite journal|title=Extreme magnification of an individual star at redshift 1.5 by a galaxy-cluster lens|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0430-3|last=Kelly|first=Patrick L.|last2=Diego|first2=Jose M.|date=2018-04|journal=Nature Astronomy|issue=4|doi=10.1038/s41550-018-0430-3|volume=2|pages=334–342|language=en|issn=2397-3366|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504235727/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0430-3|archivedate=2018-05-04|deadurl=no|last3=Rodney|first3=Steven|last4=Kaiser|first4=Nick|last5=Broadhurst|first5=Tom|last6=Zitrin|first6=Adi|last7=Treu|first7=Tommaso|last8=Pérez-González|first8=Pablo G.|last9=Morishita|first9=Takahiro}}</ref>的紅移只有1.49。然而由於[[宇宙加速膨脹|宇宙膨脹]]，WHL0137-LS的觀測位置現在距離地球有280億光年<ref name="Kabir" />。

WHL0137-LS的[[質量]]可能介乎50到100個[[太陽質量]]之間<ref name="Konitzer 2022">{{Cite web|title=Gravitationslinsen: Entferntester Stern dank 1000-facher Vergrößerung entdeckt|url=https://www.spektrum.de/news/entferntester-stern-earendel-dank-gravitationslinsen-entdeckt/2005036|access-date=2022-04-05|work=www.spektrum.de|language=de|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331092220/https://www.spektrum.de/news/entferntester-stern-earendel-dank-gravitationslinsen-entdeckt/2005036}}</ref>，表面[[有效溫度]]約為{{Cvt|20000|K|C F|-3}}<ref name="NAT-20220330" />。由於其[[巨大質量恆星列表|巨大的質量]]，科學家們相信該恆星在誕生後不到幾百萬年便會成為[[超新星]]<ref name="Konitzer 2022" /><ref name="Dunn 2022">{{Cite web|title=This is Earendel, the most distant star ever seen by humans|url=https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2022-03-30/earendel-most-distant-star-seen-by-humans|access-date=2022-04-05|date=2022-03-30|work=[[洛杉磯時報|Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220330200536/https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2022-03-30/earendel-most-distant-star-seen-by-humans|archive-date=2022-03-30|deadurl=no}}</ref>。儘管機率很微，但WHL0137-LS為[[第三星族星]]可能性仍存，這也意味著它除了氫和氦這兩種[[太初核合成|太初元素]]以外，幾乎不包含其他[[元素]]<ref name="NASA-20220330" />。

== 參見 ==
* [[最遙遠的天體列表]]

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{鲸鱼座恒星}}
{{2022年太空活動}}
{{portal bar|天文学|恒星|科學|太空}}
{{Sky|01|37|23.232|-|08|27|52.20}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:WHL0137-LS}}
[[Category:2022年發現的天體]]
[[Category:鯨魚座]]
[[Category:哈伯太空望遠鏡]]
[[Category:第三星族星]]

WHL0137-LS - 版本历史

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