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{{Infobox company
| name = Vertical Aerospace Ltd.
| logo = Vertical Aerospace Logo.svg
| logo_caption =
| type = [[上市公司]]
| traded_as = {{NYSE|EVTL}}
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date and age|2016}}
| founder = [[Stephen Fitzpatrick]]
| defunct = 
| location = [[英国]][[布里斯托尔]]
| area_served =
| industry = [[航空]], [[先进空中机动系统]]
| products = [[电动垂直起降]]飞机
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees = 330 (2022年)<ref name=AR>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001867102/000110465923035285/evtl-20211231x20f.htm |title=Vertical Aerospace Ltd. 2022 Annual Report (Form 20-F) |date=2023-03-22 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage = {{nowrap|{{Official URL}}}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Vertical Aerospace'''是一家总部位于英国[[布里斯托尔]]的航空航天制造商，专注于零排放[[电动垂直起降]]（eVTOL）飞机的设计与制造。<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vertical Aerospace to go public in $2.2 billion SPAC deal |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/american-airlines-invest-electric-aircraft-maker-vertical-aerospace-2021-06-10/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=2021-06-11 |language=en |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref>

== 历史 ==

=== 2016 ===
该公司由前[[一级方程式赛车|一级方程式]]车队老板、OVO Energy创始人兼首席执行官Stephen Fitzpatrick于2016年创立。<ref>{{Cite web |title=JETTY TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08330792 |website=Gov.UK |language=en |access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref>

=== 2018 ===
2018年6月，该公司在[[格洛斯特郡]][[科茨沃尔德|肯布尔的科茨沃尔德]]机场完成了首架[[原型機|原型机]]VA-X1的试飞。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=POC |url=http://vertical-aerospace.com/poc/ |language=en-US |access-date=2020-04-18 |website=Vertical Aerospace}}</ref>这是一架重量约750千克的电动四旋翼飞机，无人、由地面远程操控，具备[[垂直起降]]能力，机上配有四台置于涵道风扇内的电动发动机。<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=The UK's Flying Car Is All Electric Under the Bonnet |url=https://robbreport.com/motors/aviation/uks-flying-car-vertical-aerospace-all-electric-under-the-bonnet-2817217/ |author=Lyon |first=John |magazine=[[Robb Report]] |date=2018-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Watch a test flight of Vertical Aerospace's flying taxi |url=https://www.aerospacetestinginternational.com/videos/watch-vertical-aerospace-flying-taxis-test-flight.html |author=Sampson |first=Ben |date=2018-09-11 |publisher=Aerospace Testing International |language=en-GB |access-date=2018-11-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertical Aerospace Flies eVTOL |url=https://www.avweb.com/ownership/vertical-aerospace-flies-evtol/ |date=12 September 2018 |access-date=2018-11-21 |publisher=AVweb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Energy Company CEO Leads Successful U.K. Test of Flying Taxi |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-10/energy-company-ceo-leads-successful-u-k-test-of-flying-taxi |author=Lanxon |first=Nate |author2=Mawad |first2=Marie |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=2018-09-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=This 28-person startup took a big first step towards launching a nationwide flying taxi service by 2022 |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/flying-taxi-startup-vertical-aerospace-wants-to-launch-service-by-2022-2018-9?r=US&IR=T |author=Hamilton |first=Isobel Asher |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=2018-09-10}}</ref>

=== 2019 ===
2019年，该公司成为[[霍尼韦尔]]的首家[[eVTOL]]客户，购买其电传操纵系统用于后续机型VA-X4。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Vertical Aerospace becomes Honeywell's first eVTOL partner – Vertical Aerospace |date=2019-07-15 |url=https://www.vertical-aerospace.com/2019/07/15/vertical-aerospace-becomes-honeywells-first-evtol-partner/ |access-date=2021-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807123144/https://www.vertical-aerospace.com/2019/07/15/vertical-aerospace-becomes-honeywells-first-evtol-partner/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |website=Vertical Aerospace}}</ref>同年，公司推出第二架原型机VA-X2，成为全球首家发布可承载250公斤（550磅）电动[[VTOL]]飞行视频的企业。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Seraph |url=http://vertical-aerospace.com/seraph/ |language=en-US |access-date=2020-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919080149/https://www.vertical-aerospace.com/seraph/ |archive-date=19 September 2020 |website=Vertical Aerospace}}</ref>同年，公司任命前[[罗尔斯·罗伊斯控股|劳斯莱斯]]未来业务方案负责人Michael Cervenka为总裁。

=== 2020 ===
2020年4月，Tim Williams加入Vertical Aerospace。<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tim Williams’ LinkedIn Page |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/tim-williams-0736a5108/ |website=[[LinkedIn]] |last=Williams |first=Tim |url-access=registration}}</ref>同年晚些时候，公司发布了VX4，这一设计较以往多旋翼机有了重大改变。<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Vertical Aerospace Reveals 'VA-1X' Air Taxi, Targets 2024 for Commercial Operations |url=https://www.aviationtoday.com/2020/08/26/vertical-aerospace-reveals-va-1x-air-taxi-targets-2024-commercial-operations/ |website=Aviation Today |date=2020-08-26 |language=en |last=Garrett-Glaser |first=Brian |access-date=2021-01-23}}</ref>同时，公司成立了Vertical Advanced Engineering，将[[一级方程式赛车]]的技术和[[敏捷软件开发|敏捷开发方法]]应用于eVTOL飞机研发。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=About Us |url=https://vertical-advanced-engineering.com/ |access-date=2020-04-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923130208/https://vertical-advanced-engineering.com/ |archive-date=23 September 2020 |website=Vertical Advanced Engineering}}</ref>

=== 2021 ===
2021年1月，他们加入由城市空中交通及航空企业构成的联盟，与[[民用航空管理局 (英國)|民航局]]合作参与未来空中交通监管沙盒项目。公司称将与 Skyports Limited、[[SNC-兰万灵|SNC-Lavalin集团]]的Atkins以及西英格兰联合管理局等开展协作。<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eve-led aviation consortium joins UK Civil Aviation Authority to develop Urban Air Mobility Concept of Operations |url=https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/eve-led-aviation-consortium-joins-uk-civil-aviation-authority-to-develop-urban-air-mobility-concept-of-operations |website=TravelDailyNews International |date=2021-01-21 |language=en-US |last=Karantzavelou |first=Vicky |access-date=2021-01-23}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skyports project awarded government grant funding as part of Future Flight Challenge |url=https://skyports.net/2021/01/skyports-project-awarded-government-grant-funding-as-part-of-future-flight-challenge/ |website=Skyports |date=2021-01-26 |language=en-US |last=Constant |first=Sophia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126185128/https://skyports.net/2021/01/skyports-project-awarded-government-grant-funding-as-part-of-future-flight-challenge/ |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=2021-06-29}}</ref>

同年2月，公司与[[索尔维集团|索尔维公司]]达成合作，开发其飞行器的复合材料结构；<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertical Aerospace partners with Solvay for VA-1X composite structure |url=https://evtol.com/news/vertical-aerospace-solvay-va-1x-composite-structure/ |website=evtol.com |date=2021-02-14 |language=en-US |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210215131729/https://evtol.com/news/vertical-aerospace-solvay-va-1x-composite-structure/ |archive-date=15 February 2021 |access-date=2021-02-15 |publisher=MHM Publishing}}</ref>3月又宣布与[[罗尔斯·罗伊斯控股|劳斯莱斯公司]]合作开发电力推进系统。<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Rolls-Royce set to power Vertical Aerospace's all-electric aircraft |date=2021-03-09 |url=https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2021/09-03-2021-rr-set-to-power-vertical-aerospaces-all-electric-aircraft.aspx |language=en |access-date=2021-05-05 |website=[[Rolls-Royce]]}}</ref>

2021年5月，前[[空中客车集团|空客]]城市空中交通部门负责人爱德华多·多明格斯·普埃尔塔(Eduardo Dominguez Puerta)加入公司出任首席商务官。6月，公司宣布与[[特殊目的收购公司]](SPAC) 博德斯通收购公司(Broadstone Acquisition Corp)合并，<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vertical Aerospace boss is reaching for the skies with $2.2bn Spac merger |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/technology/article/vertical-aerospace-boss-is-reaching-for-the-skies-with-2-2bn-spac-merger-3wxmdtczd |author=Hosking |first=Patrick |work=[[The Times]] |date=2021-06-12 |language=en |issn=0140-0460 |access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>并计划在[[纽约证券交易所]]上市，<ref>{{Cite news |title=UK air taxi firm Vertical Aerospace to float on New York stock market |url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/11/uk-air-taxi-firm-vertical-aerospace-to-float-on-new-york-stock-market |author=Topham |first=Gwyn |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2021-06-11 |language=en |access-date=2021-06-16}}</ref>同时与[[維珍航空|维珍航空]]合作探讨[[空中的士|空中出租车]]服务，<ref name="VAtaxi-BBC"></ref>并将商业化目标从原定的2022年调整为2024年。<ref name="auto"></ref>[[美国航空]]同月宣布预订最多250架公司飞机，并保留额外100架的选购权。<ref>{{Cite news |title=American Airlines could pay $1 billion for up to 250 eVTOLs to fly travelers over congested cities and highway traffic |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/american-airlines-order-for-vertical-aerospace-evtols-2021-6 |author=Pallini |first=Thomas |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=2021-06-11}}</ref>

2021年12月，公司在完成与Broadstone Acquisition Corp的合并后，以代码EVTL在纽约证券交易所上市。<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vertical Aerospace lists on New York Stock Exchange |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/markets/article/vertical-aerospace-lists-on-new-york-stock-exchange-np289x3m2 |work=[[The Times]] |date=2021-12-18 |language=en |issn=0140-0460 |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=Vertical Aerospace Lists on NYSE Following Merger with Broadstone Acquisition Corp. |date=2021-12-16 |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vertical-aerospace-lists-on-nyse-following-merger-with-broadstone-acquisition-corp-301446030.html |website=[[PR Newswire]]}}</ref>
=== 2022 ===
2022年1月，Vertical Aerospace任命Avolon公司首席执行官Dómhnal Slattery为董事长。<ref>{{Cite news |title=Avolon's Slattery engaged as advisor to electric aviation pioneer Vertical |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/transport-and-tourism/avolon-s-slattery-engaged-as-advisor-to-electric-aviation-pioneer-vertical-1.4717409 |author=Burke-Kennedy |first=Eoin |work=[[The Irish Times]] |date=2021-11-02 |language=en |access-date=2022-04-05}}</ref>在2020年至2022年间，在首席工程师Tim Williams的领导下，公司完成了VX4[[原型機|原型机]]的设计、制造和试飞。该机是英国首架采用全新电动推进技术的飞机，并于9月实现首次系留起降。

=== 2023 ===
2023年，VX4在英国科茨沃尔德的肯布尔机场成功完成了一次无人试飞。试验中，飞机仅依靠公司自研电池组产生的推力实现了起飞、悬停、飞行和着陆，展示了其技术能力。<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertical Aerospace Completes Successful Test Flight of VX4 eVTOL |url=https://airspacenews.net/vertical-aerospace-completes-successful-test-flight-of-vx4-evtol/ |website=AIR SPACE News |date=2023-07-19 |language=en-US |last=Svenson |first=Adam |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719152300/https://airspacenews.net/vertical-aerospace-completes-successful-test-flight-of-vx4-evtol/ |archive-date=19 July 2023 |access-date=2023-07-19}}</ref>

同年8月9日，该原型机在科茨沃尔德机场进行无人飞行测试时受损。公司表示，事故由螺旋桨故障引起，但强调该螺旋桨属于已淘汰的旧型号。<ref name="Oconnor10Aug23">{{Cite web |title=Vertical VX4 eVTOL Suffers Incident During Flight Testing |url=https://www.avweb.com/recent-updates/evtols-urban-mobility/vertical-vx4-evtol-suffers-incident-during-flight-testing/ |website=AVweb |date=10 August 2023 |last=O'Connor |first=Kate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230811112641/https://www.avweb.com/recent-updates/evtols-urban-mobility/vertical-vx4-evtol-suffers-incident-during-flight-testing/ |archive-date=11 August 2023 |access-date=11 August 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Air-Taxi Startup Vertical to Pause Flight Tests After Crash |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-11/air-taxi-startup-vertical-to-pause-flight-tests-after-crash |author=Philip |first=Siddharth Vikram |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230811152133/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-08-11/air-taxi-startup-vertical-to-pause-flight-tests-after-crash |archive-date=11 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vertical Aerospace Cites Propeller Fault In eVTOL Flight Test Accident |url=https://www.avweb.com/recent-updates/evtols-urban-mobility/vertical-aerospace-cites-propeller-fault-in-evtol-flight-test-accident/ |website=AVweb |date=31 August 2023 |last=O'Connor |first=Kate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230901113413/https://www.avweb.com/recent-updates/evtols-urban-mobility/vertical-aerospace-cites-propeller-fault-in-evtol-flight-test-accident/ |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=1 September 2023}}</ref>

=== 2024 ===
2024年，VX4的第二架全尺寸原型机亮相。该机型采用了专有电池与动力系统，功率提升了20%。新原型机还使用了重新设计的碳纤维螺旋桨，以降低噪音并提升性能。 <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=VX4 tilt-rotor eVTOL gets 20% power boost ahead of flight tests |url=https://newatlas.com/aircraft/vertical-aerospace-vx4-tilt-rotor-evtol-second-prototype/ |website=New Atlas |date=2024-07-19 |language=en-US |last=Ridden |first=Paul |access-date=2024-07-23}}</ref>

=== 2025 ===
2025年1月，载人悬停飞行试验成功进行。下一阶段的试验是低速机动飞行。<ref name="bbc-20250128"></ref>

== 产品VX4介绍 ==
Vertical Aerospace表示，VX4是一款由飞行员操控的[[零碳|零排放]][[电动垂直起降]]（eVTOL）飞行器，航程超过100英里，可搭载1名飞行员和4名乘客，噪音低于直升机，适用于城市及狭小场地起降。<ref name="VAtaxi-BBC">{{Cite news |title=Virgin Atlantic explores 'flying taxi' partnership |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-57447564 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=2021-06-11}}</ref>

该机型巡航时主要依靠固定翼提供升力，符合eVTOL行业向“机翼承载升力+巡航”和[[矢量]]推力概念转型的趋势。<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is There Room for Multicopters in Electric VTOL? |url=https://www.aviationtoday.com/2020/08/31/room-multicopters-electric-vtol/ |website=Aviation Today |date=2020-08-31 |language=en |last=Garrett-Glaser |first=Brian |access-date=2021-01-23}}</ref>

VX4配备8个翼上螺旋桨，其中前方4个起飞时提供升力、巡航时转为提供前向推力；后方螺旋桨仅在起降阶段工作。<ref name=":5"></ref>
== 合作伙伴和投资者 ==
2021年6月，公司与[[美国航空]]、Avolon、[[罗尔斯·罗伊斯控股|劳斯莱斯]]、[[霍尼韦尔]]以及[[微软|微软旗下的M12]]等成为合作伙伴和投资者，目标是在2024年前推进认证、降低风险并实现规模化生产。其他合作方包括[[GKN|GKN Aerospace]]和[[索尔维集团|索尔维]]。

2024年，公司获得美国困境债投资方Mudrick Capital的5000万美元投资，后者持股70%，为测试持续至2025年底提供资金。<ref name="bbc-20241126">{{Cite news |title=Electric 'flying taxi' company gets £39m lifeline |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0mz3p72d0wo |author=Harvey |first=Dave |work=BBC News |date=26 November 2024 |access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>首批商业飞行预计在2028年。<ref name="bbc-20250128">{{Cite news |title=Flying e-taxi company celebrates key milestone |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c87dy1l8vwpo |author=Jenkins |first=Sammy |author2=Swallow |first2=Bea |author3=Leggett |first3=Theo |work=BBC News |date=28 January 2025 |access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20250420"></ref>

公司与美国航空、Avolon和[[維珍航空|维珍航空]]的合作含最多1000架飞机的预订单。<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Electric Flying Taxi Start-Up Likely To Make Founder A Billionaire After SPAC Merger |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddawkins/2021/06/11/electric-flying-taxi-start-up-vertical-aerospace-likely-to-make-founder-a-billionaire-after-spac-merger/ |author=Dawkins |first=David |magazine=[[Forbes]] |date=2021-06-11 |language=en |access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref>2025年3月，维珍也与美国eVTOL竞争者[[乔比航空|Joby Aviation]]达成协议。<ref name="telegraph-20250420">{{Cite news |title=British flying taxi pioneer facing cash crunch despite £70m bailout |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2025/04/20/british-flying-taxi-pioneer-cash-crunch-bailout/ |author=Jasper |first=Christopher |work=The Telegraph |date=20 April 2025 |location=London |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 April 2025}}</ref>

== 参见 ==

* [[乔比航空]]
* [[阿彻航空]]
* [[Beta Technologies]]
* [[威斯克航空]]
* [[安杜里尔工业公司]]
* [[亿航智能|亿航]]
* [[Volocopter]]
* [[Shield AI]]

==参考文献==
{{refList}}

[[Category:纽约证券交易所上市公司]]
[[Category:2016年英格蘭建立]]

Vertical Aerospace - 版本历史

imported>ThreeBodySpectator：​/* 参见 */ 内容扩充

imported>ThreeBodySpectator：/* 参见 */ 内容扩充