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Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

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{{Elementbox
|name=Ubu
|enname=Unbiunium
|number=121
|symbol=Ubu
|left=[[Ubn]]
|right=[[Ubb]]
|above=-
|below=(Usu)
|series=未知
|predicted series=超錒系元素
|series comment=可能為[[超錒系元素]]
|group=不適用
|period=8
|block=g
|series color=
|phase color=
|appearance=
|image name=
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image size 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=未知
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration= [[[Og]]] 8s2 8p1 （預測<ref name=Haire/>）
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 3 （預測）
|physical properties=未知
|color=
|phase=固體
|phase comment=（預測）
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3mp=
|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
|melting point pressure=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point pressure=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point pressure=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion pressure=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization pressure=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity pressure=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|oxidation states=1,'''3'''（預測）<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title=The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last=Morss| editor2-first=Norman M.| editor2-last=Edelstein| editor3-last=Fuger| editor3-first=Jean| last1=Hoffman| first1=Darleane C.| last2=Lee| first2=Diana M.| last3=Pershina| first3=Valeria| chapter=Transactinides and the future elements| publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year=2006| isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5| location=Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition=3rd| ref=CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref><ref name=Amador>{{cite journal |last1=Amador |first1=Davi H. T. |last2=de Oliveira |first2=Heibbe C. B. |first3=Julio R. |last3=Sambrano |first4=Ricardo |last4=Gargano |first5=Luiz Guilherme M. |last5=de Macedo |date=12 September 2016 |title=4-Component correlated all-electron study on Eka-actinium Fluoride (E121F) including Gaunt interaction: Accurate analytical form, bonding and influence on rovibrational spectra |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |volume=662 |pages=169–175 |doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2016.09.025|bibcode=2016CPL...662..169A }}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=
|electronegativity=
|number of ionization energies=1
|1st ionization energy=429.4（預測）<ref name="Haire"/>
|2nd ionization energy=
|3rd ionization energy=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=
|crystal structure=
|Van der Waals radius=
|magnetic ordering=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Tensile strength=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=
}}
'''Unbiunium'''（[[化學符號]]為'''Ubu'''）是一種尚未被發現的[[化學元素]]，[[原子序數]]是121。直到这个元素被发现、确认并确定了永久名称之前，''Unbiunium''和''Ubu''分别为这个元素的暂时[[IUPAC元素系统命名法|系统命名和化学符号]]。Ubu是[[第8周期元素|第8週期]]的第三個元素，預測是[[扩展元素周期表]]中第一個位於[[g区元素|g區]]的元素，位居第8週期的新元素系列[[超錒系元素]]之首。該元素可能處於理論上的[[超重元素]][[穩定島]]之中。

Ubu至今為止尚未被合成，預計其可能是當前技術所能合成的最後幾個元素之一。Ubu的合成難度可能比所有已發現的[[人造元素]]都來得高，也比[[Uue|119號]]和[[Ubn|120號元素]]更加難以合成。[[日本]][[理化學研究所]]和[[俄羅斯]][[杜布納聯合原子核研究所]]的團隊皆表示，在合成119號和120號元素的實驗結束後，他們計劃在未來嘗試合成121號元素。

Ubu在元素週期表中的位置表明它会與[[鑭]]和[[錒]]具有相似的性質。不过，[[相对论量子化学|相对论效应]]可能会导致Ubu的某些性质与直接用[[元素周期律]]推测的性质不同。例如：Ubu的價電子組態预计為s2p，而不是鑭和錒的s2d或依據[[馬德隆規則]]所推測的s2g組態，但預計這不會對其化學性質有太大影響。另一方面，預計其第一[[电离能]]將會顯著降低，大大超越依元素週期性預測的程度。

==概论==
{{Excerpt|超重元素|概论|subsections=yes}}

==合成方式==
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ 達到Z=121複核的元素組合
|-
! 目標 !! 發射體 !! CN !! 結果
|-
!238Pu
|62Co||300Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!208Pb
|89Y||297Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!232Th
|71Ga||303Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!238U
|65Cu||303Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!237Np
|64Ni||301Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!244Pu
|59Co||303Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!243Am
|58Fe||301Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!248Cm
|55Mn||303Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!249Bk
|54Cr||303Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!249Cf
|51V||300Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!254Es
|50Ti||304Ubu||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|}

==注释==
{{notelist}}

==参考资料==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==参考书目==
* {{cite book|last=Beiser|first=A.|title=Concepts of modern physics|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-244848-1|edition=6th|oclc=48965418|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hoffman |first=D. C. |last2=Ghiorso |first2=A. |last3=Seaborg |first3=G. T. |title=The Transuranium People: The Inside Story |url=https://archive.org/details/transuraniumpeop0000hoff |year=2000 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-1-78-326244-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Kragh|first=H.|date=2018 |title=From Transuranic to Superheavy Elements: A Story of Dispute and Creation |url=https://archive.org/details/fromtransuranict0000krag|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-75813-8|ref=harv}}

==外部連結==
{{Elements.links|Ubu|121}}
{{擴展元素週期表 | model=nefedov|number=173|no mark=yes}}

[[Category:第8周期元素|8C]]
[[Category:化学元素|8C]]
[[Category:假想化学元素|121]]

Ubu - 版本历史

imported>InternetArchiveBot：​Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot

imported>InternetArchiveBot：Add 1 book for verifiability (20260407)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot