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2024-09-22T02:45:14Z

清理跨語言連結同族元素成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成46.6%)

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{{请求翻译|en}}
{{noteTA
|G1=Physics
|G2=Chemistry
|G3=核能
}}
{{Infobox element
|name=Ubn
|enname=Unbinilium
|number=120
|symbol=Ubn
|left=[[Uue]]
|right=[[Ubu]]
|above=[[鐳]]
|below=(Usn)
|series=未知
|predicted series=鹼土金屬
|series comment=可能為[[鹼土金屬]]
|group=2
|period=8
|block=s
|phase color=
|appearance=
|image name=
|image size=
|image name comment=
|image name 2=
|image size 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=
|atomic mass 2=
|atomic mass comment=未知
|electron configuration= [[[Og]]] 8s2 （預測<ref name=Haire/>）
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 2 （預測）
|color=
|phase=固體
|phase comment=（預測）<ref name=Haire/>
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=7（預測）<ref name=Haire/>
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
|density gpcm3mp=
|melting point K=953
|melting point C=680
|melting point F=1256（預測）<ref name=Haire/>
|melting point pressure=
|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
|sublimation point pressure=
|boiling point K=
|boiling point C=
|boiling point F=
|boiling point pressure=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion pressure=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization pressure=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity pressure=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=
|oxidation states='''2''', 4（預測）<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last = Morss|editor2-first = Norman M.| editor2-last = Edelstein| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean| last = Haire|first = Richard G.| chapter = Transactinides and the future elements| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year = 2006| isbn = 1-4020-3555-1| location = Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition = 3rd| ref = CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=
|electronegativity=
|number of ionization energies=1
|1st ionization energy=578.9（預測）<ref name=Haire/>
|2nd ionization energy=
|3rd ionization energy=
|atomic radius=200（預測）<ref name=Haire/>
|atomic radius calculated=
|covalent radius=
|Van der Waals radius=
|physical properties =
|magnetic ordering=
|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|Tensile strength=
|Young's modulus=
|Shear modulus=
|Bulk modulus=
|Poisson ratio=
|Mohs hardness=
|Vickers hardness=
|Brinell hardness=
|CAS number=
}}
'''Unbinilium'''（[[化學符號]]為'''Ubn'''）是一種尚未被發現的[[化學元素]]，[[原子序數]]是120。直到这个元素被发现、确认并确定了永久名称之前，''Unbinilium''和''Ubn''分别为这个元素的暂时[[IUPAC元素系统命名法|系统命名和化学符号]]。在[[扩展元素周期表]]裡，Ubn预测是[[s区元素]]和[[碱土金属]]，是[[第8周期元素|第8週期]]的第二個元素。由於該元素可能處於理論上的[[超重元素]][[穩定島]]之中，其[[中子數]]為[[幻数 (物理学)|幻數]]（184）的[[同位素]]{{nuclide|Ubn|304}}可能具有极長的[[半衰期#物理學|半衰期]]，因而引起人們的研究興趣。

儘管[[德國]]和[[俄羅斯]]團隊曾多次嘗試合成該元素，但Ubn迄今為止仍尚未被成功合成出來。俄羅斯團隊計劃於2025年開始下一次試驗。理论和实验证据表明，Ubn等第八週期元素的合成很可能比之前的元素要困难得多，Ubn甚至可能是目前技术所能合成的最重元素。

Ubn所處的第七种碱土金属的位置表明它会和较轻的[[同类物|同族元素]]有相似的性质。不过，[[相对论量子化学|相对论效应]]可能会导致Ubn的某些性质与直接用[[元素周期律]]推测的性质不同。举个例子，Ubn预计会比[[钡]]和[[镭]]更不活泼，反应性反而更像[[锶]]。不過計算顯示Ubn的主要[[氧化態]]應該仍是碱土金属的+2特征氧化态。

==概论==
{{Excerpt|超重元素|概论|subsections=yes}}

== 合成嘗試 ==
2002年，[[尤里·奥加涅相]]在[[俄羅斯]][[杜布納]]的團隊於[[聯合核研究所]]（JINR）首次發現並觀測[[鿫]]原子的衰變，<ref name="pp2002">{{cite journal|author=Oganessian, Yu. T. ''et al.极''|title=Results from the first 249Cf+48Ca experiment|url=http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2002/287(D7-2002-287)e.pdf|journal=JINR Communication|location=JINR, Dubna|year=2002|language=ru|access-date=2011-03-12|archive-date=2004-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041213100709/http://www.jinr.ru/publish/Preprints/2002/287%28D7-2002-287%29e.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 之後打算製作類似的實驗：從58[[铁|Fe]]和244[[钚|Pu]]製造Ubn。<ref>{{citenews|url=https://www.llnl.gov/str/April07/pdfs/04_07.4.pdf|title=A New Block on the Periodic Table|date=April 2007|publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|accessdate=2008-01-18|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528130457/https://www.llnl.gov/str/April07/pdfs/04_07.4.pdf|archive-date=2008-05-28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ubn同位素的半衰期預計以微秒計。<ref name="sciencedirect1">{{cite journal|journal=At. Data & Nucl. Data Tables |volume=94|pages=781–806|year=2008|title=Nuclear half-lives for α -radioactivity of elements with 100 ≤ Z ≤ 130|author=Chowdhury, R. P.; Samanta, C.; Basu, D.N.|doi=10.1016/j.adt.2008.01.003}}</ref><ref name=prc08ADNDT08>{{cite journal|journal=Physical Reviews C|volume=77|pages=044603|year=2008|title=Search for long lived heaviest nuclei beyond the valley of stability|first1=Roy P.|last1=Chowdhury |first2=C. |last2=Samanta |first3= D. N. |last3=Basu|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.77.044603}}</ref>

== 同位素与核特性 ==
=== 能产生Z=120复核的目标、发射体组合 ===
下表包含了各種實驗可用於形成複合核的[[原子序]]為[[120]]。

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+達到Z=120复核的元素組合
|-
! 目標 !! 發射體 !! CN !! 結果
|-
!232Th
|70Zn||302Ubn||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!238U
|64Ni||302Ubn||{{no|失敗, σ < 94 fb}}
|-
!244Pu
|58Fe||302Ubn||{{no|失敗, σ < 0.4 pb}}
|-
!248Cm
|54Cr||302Ubn||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!249Cf
|50Ti||299Ubn||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|-
!257Fm
|48Ca||305Ubn||{{unk|尚未嘗試}}
|}

=== 蒸发截面理论计算 ===
下表列出各种目标-发射体组合，并给出最高的预计产量。

MD = 多面；DNS = 双核系统； σ = 截面
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!目标!!发射体!!CN!!通道（产物）!!σ max!!模型!!参考资料
|-
!208Pb
|88Sr||296Ubn||1n (295Ubn)||70 fb||DNS||<ref name=FengColdFusion>{{cite journal|arxiv=0707.2588|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.76.044606|title=Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions|year=2007|author=Feng, Zhao-Qing|journal=Physical Review C|volume=76|pages=044606|last2=Jin|first2=Gen-Ming|last3=Li|first3=Jun-Qing|last4=Scheid|first4=Werner}}</ref>
|-
!208Pb
|87Sr||295Ubn||1n (294Ubn)||80 fb||DNS||<ref name=FengColdFusion />
|-
!208Pb
|88Sr||296Ubn||1n (295Ubn) ||<0.1 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG>{{cite journal|arxiv=0807.2537|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.78.034610|title=Synthesis of superheavy nuclei: A search for new production reactions|year=2008|journal=Physical Review C|volume=78|pages=034610|author=Zagebraev, V; Greiner, W}}</ref>
|-
!238U
|64Ni||302Ubn||3n (299Ubn) ||3 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG />
|-
!238U
|64Ni||302Ubn||2n (300Ubn)||0.5 fb||DNS||<ref name=FengHotFusion>{{cite journal|arxiv=0803.1117|doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2008.11.003|title=Production of heavy and superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions|year=2009|author=Feng, Z|journal=Nuclear Physics A|volume=816|pages=33|last2=Jin|first2=G|last3=Li|first3=J|last4=Scheid|first4=W}}</ref>
|-
!238U
|64Ni||302Ubn||4n (298Ubn)||2 ab||DNS-AS||<ref name=Nasirov120>{{cite journal|arxiv=0812.4410|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.79.024606|title=Quasifission and fusion-fission in reactions with massive nuclei: Comparison of reactions leading to the Z=120 element|year=2009|author=Nasirov, A. K.|journal=Physical Review C|volume=79|pages=024606|last2=Giardina|first2=G.|last3=Mandaglio|first3=G.|last4=Manganaro|first4=M.|last5=Hanappe|first5=F.|last6=Heinz|first6=S.|last7=Hofmann|first7=S.|last8=Muminov|first8=A.|last9=Scheid|first9=W.}}</ref>
|-
!244Pu
|58Fe||302Ubn||4n (298Ubn) ||5 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG />
|-
!244Pu
|58Fe||302Ubn||3n (299Ubn)||8 fb||DNS-AS||<ref name=Nasirov120 />
|-
!248Cm
|54Cr||302Ubn||3n (299Ubn)||10 pb||DNS-AS||<ref name=Nasirov120 />
|-
!248Cm
|54Cr||302Ubn||4n (298Ubn) ||30 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG />
|-
!249Cf
|50Ti||299Ubn||4n (295Ubn) ||45 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG />
|-
!249Cf
|50Ti||299Ubn||3n (296Ubn) ||40 fb||MD||<ref name=ZG />
|-
!257Fm
|48Ca ||305Ubn||3n (302Ubn)||70 fb||DNS||<ref name=FengHotFusion />
|}

{{Include|穩定元素島元素#參見|yes}}
==注释==
{{notelist}}

== 參考文獻 ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==参考书目==
* {{cite book|last=Beiser|first=A.|title=Concepts of modern physics|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-244848-1|edition=6th|oclc=48965418|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last=Hoffman |first=D. C. |last2=Ghiorso |first2=A. |last3=Seaborg |first3=G. T. |title=The Transuranium People: The Inside Story |year=2000 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-1-78-326244-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Kragh|first=H.|date=2018 |title=From Transuranic to Superheavy Elements: A Story of Dispute and Creation |url=https://archive.org/details/fromtransuranict0000krag|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-75813-8|ref=harv}}

==外部連結==
{{Elements.links|120}}
{{擴展元素週期表 | model=nefedov|number=173|no mark=yes}}

[[Category:碱土金属]]
[[Category:第8周期元素|8B]]
[[Category:化学元素|8B]]
[[Category:假想化学元素|120]]

Ubn - 版本历史

imported>Cewbot：​清理跨語言連結同族元素成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成46.6%)

imported>Cewbot：清理跨語言連結同族元素成為內部連結:編輯摘要的紅色內部連結乃正常現象，經繁簡轉換後存在，非bot錯誤編輯 (本次機械人作業已完成46.6%)