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{{NoteTA|G1=IT}}{{Infobox connector|name=USB4|type=[[USB]]|logo=[[File:Certified USB4 40Gbps Logo.svg|220px|Deprecated USB4 40 Gbps logo]]|caption=Deprecated USB4 40 Gbps logo|designer=USB Promoter Group|design_date={{start date and age|2019|08|29|df=y}}|manufacturer=|production_date=|superseded=[[USB 3.2]]|weight=|length=|diameter=|hotplug=|daisy_chain=No|external=|electrical=|earth=|maximum_voltage=48 V (PD 3.1)|maximum_current=5 A (PD)|audio_signal=[[DisplayPort]]|video_signal=DisplayPort|data_signal=是|data_bit_width=|data_bandwidth=20 Gbit/s（可選最高至120 Gbit/s）|data_devices=|data_style=|cable=|physical_connector=[[USB-C]]|num_pins=|pinout_col1_name=|pinout_col2_name=|pinout_image=|pinout_caption=}}'''USB4'''（'''Universal Serial Bus 4'''）是USB4规范中指定的[[USB]]系统，[[USB開發者論壇|USB开发者论坛]]于2019年8月29日发布了其1.0版本。<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|title=USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification|url=https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB4%20Specification.zip|date=2019-08-29|work=usb.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213071426/https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/USB4%20Specification.zip|archivedate=2021-02-13|access-date=2020-07-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>

与以往的USB协议标准不同，USB4需要[[USB Type-C|USB-C]]连接器，并且要需要[[USB Power Delivery|USB PD]]的支持以进行供电。与USB 3.2相比，它允许建立[[DisplayPort]]和[[PCI Express]]隧道。这种架构定义了一种与多个终端设备类型动态共享单个高速链路的方法，该方法能够最好地按类型和应用处理数据传输。USB4产品必须支持20Gb/s的吞吐量，並可選擇性支持40或80Gb/s的吞吐量（上、下載速度對稱）。非對稱傳輸模式下，最高速度可達120Gb/s，另一方向則減至40Gb/s。由于进行了[[隧道协议|隧道传输]]，当传输混合数据时，即使只以 20 Gbit/s 的速率传输数据，实际的数据传输速率可能比[[USB 3.2]]更高。

USB4规范基于[[Thunderbolt|Thunderbolt 3]]协议规范。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thunderbolt 3 becomes USB4, as Intel’s interconnect goes royalty-free|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/03/thunderbolt-3-becomes-usb4-as-intels-interconnect-goes-royalty-free/|accessdate=2019-03-04|author=Bright|date=2019-03-04|first=Peter|work=Ars Technica|language=en-us|archive-date=2021-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213071427/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2019/03/thunderbolt-3-becomes-usb4-as-intels-interconnect-goes-royalty-free/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 总览 ==

=== 名称 ===
USB4规范版本1.0（于2019年8月29日发布）使用“Universal Serial Bus 4”（“通用串行总线 4”）和“USB4”的名称。该版本发布之前的一些新闻报道使用术语“USB 4.0”和“ USB 4”<ref>{{Cite web|title=With USB 4, Thunderbolt and USB will converge|url=https://social.techcrunch.com/2019/03/04/with-usb-4-thunderbolt-and-usb-will-converge/|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2022-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910201245/https://techcrunch.com/2019/03/04/with-usb-4-thunderbolt-and-usb-will-converge/|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=USB 4.0 Will Arrive In Late 2020|url=https://www.guru3d.com/news-story/usb-4-will-arrive-in-late-2020.html|author=Hagedoorn|first=Hilbert|work=Guru3D.com|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026182556/https://www.guru3d.com/news-story/usb-4-will-arrive-in-late-2020.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。即使在修订版1.0发布之后，有些人还是故意写了“USB 4”，声称是“为了反映读者搜索的方式”<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|title=USB 4: Everything We Know So Far|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/usb-4-faq,38766.html|author=September 2019|first=Avram Piltch 03|work=Tom's Hardware|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630140440/https://www.tomshardware.com/news/usb-4-faq,38766.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

== 技术规范 ==

=== USB4规范 ===

==== 历史 ====
2019年3月，USB4首次正式宣布<ref>{{Cite web|title=USB4 Leverages Thunderbolt 3 Protocol Doubling Speeds To 40Gbps|url=https://hothardware.com/news/usb4-40-gbps-royalty-free-intel-thunderbolt-3|author=Hill|date=March 4, 2019|first=Brandon|work=HotHardware|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023152301/https://hothardware.com/news/usb4-40-gbps-royalty-free-intel-thunderbolt-3|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=USB4 announced with 40Gbps bandwidth, it's based on Thunderbolt 3|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/usb4_announced_with_40gbps_bandwidth_its_based_on_thunderbolt_3-news-35841.php|work=GSMArena.com|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2022-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155541/https://www.gsmarena.com/usb4_announced_with_40gbps_bandwidth_its_based_on_thunderbolt_3-news-35841.php|dead-url=no}}</ref>。

==== 贡献者 ====
在1.0版发布时，[[苹果公司|苹果]]（Apple）、[[惠普公司|惠普]]（hp）、[[英特尔公司|英特尔]]（Intel）、[[微软公司|微软]]（Microsoft）、[[瑞薩電子|瑞萨电子]]（Renesas）、[[意法半导体]]（ST）、[[德州仪器]]（TI）这些公司的员工参加了标准技术工作组。

==== 设计目标 ====
USB4规范中阐明的目标是更高的传输带宽，帮助融合USB-C连接器的生态并“最大程度地减少终端用户的困惑”。实现此目的的一些关键领域是使用单个类型的USB-C连接器，同时保持与现有USB和Thunderbolt产品的兼容性。<ref>USB4 Spec. p.1</ref>

==== 数据传输方式 ====
USB4本身不提供任何的通用数据传输机制或设备类（不像USB 3.x），而是主要用于提供隧道以传输其他协议（如[[USB 3.2]]，[[DisplayPort]]和可选的PCIe）。尽管它确实提供了原生的“主机到主机”协议，但顾名思义，它仅在两个连接的主机之间可用，并用于实现主机IP网络。因此，当主机与设备不支持可选的PCIe隧道传输时，最大非显示带宽被限制为USB 3.2 20Gbps，而仅有USB 3.2 10Gbps是强制实现。

USB4支持如下的隧道传输协议：

* [[USB 3.0|USB 3.2]]（“增强型超高速”）隧道
* 基于[[DisplayPort|DisplayPort 1.4a]]的隧道
* 基于[[PCI Express]]（PCIe）的隧道

USB4还需要支持[[DisplayPort]]Alternate Mode（备选模式）。因此可以使用USB4隧道或该备选模式传送DisplayPort信号。<ref>{{Cite web|title=USB4 - No more Mr. Nice Guy, your USB-C connector has to do it all! - #38|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nax50U18iyo|accessdate=2020-05-01|date=2019-11-21|publisher=YouTube|archive-date=2021-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125043215/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nax50U18iyo|dead-url=no}}</ref>

USB-C连接器中的专用线始终支持[[USB 2.0]]。

===== 数据传输模式支持 =====
某些传输模式是所有设备都支持的，但对其他传输模式的支持是可选的。这取决于设备的类型。

{| class="wikitable"
|+ 数据传输模式的支持情况<ref name="auto1"/>
|-
! 类型
! 主机
! 集线器
! 外设
|-
| USB 2.0 (480 Mbit/s)|| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
| USB4 20 Gbit/s 传输 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|-
| USB4 40 Gbit/s 传输 || {{optional}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| USB 3.2 (10 Gbit/s) 隧道 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| USB 3.2 (20 Gbit/s) 隧道<ref> USB4 Spec 1.0 Sect 9 specifically mentions the requirement of "Superspeed Plus (=Gen 2x1) support for hubs and devices, the latter only if they optionally support USB3 tunneling. The rest of the spec doesn't mention the speed at all and more generically just refers to the whole USB3.2 architecture as "Enhanced Superspeed". Section 9.2.1 states the requirement to only support Gen 2x1 for the USB3 tunneling adapter, with Gen 2x2 being optional.</ref>|| {{optional}} || {{optional}} || {{optional}}
|-
| [[DisplayPort]]隧道 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| [[PCI Express]]隧道 || {{optional}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| 主机到主机（Host-to-Host）通信 || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| DisplayPort Alternate Mode || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| Thunderbolt Alternate Mode || {{optional}} || {{yes}} || {{optional}}
|-
| USB-C Alternate Modes || {{optional}} || {{optional}} || {{optional}}
|}

===== USB 数据传输模式 =====
{| class="wikitable"
|+USB4 数据传输模式
! rowspan="2" |名称
! rowspan="2" |图标
! colspan="4" |规范
! rowspan="2" |双通道
! rowspan="2" |[[线路码|编码]]
! colspan="2" |速率
|-
! USB4
! USB 3.2
! USB 3.1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msi.com/blog/new-usb-standard-usb-3-2-gen-1-gen2-explained|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220000242/https://www.msi.com/blog/new-usb-standard-usb-3-2-gen-1-gen2-explained|archivedate=2020-02-20|title=The New USB standard: USB 3.2 Explained|date=February 20, 2020|website=web.archive.org|accessdate=2020-07-22|dead-url=no}}</ref>
! USB 3.0
! {{Abbr|Gbit/s|Gigabit per second}}
! {{Abbr|GB/s|Gigabyte per second}}
|-
| SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps
|[[File:USB SuperSpeed 5 Gbps Trident Logo.svg|50px]]
| rowspan=4 {{CNone}}
| USB 3.2 Gen 1×1
| USB 3.1 Gen 1
| USB 3.0
| {{No}}
| [[8b/10b|8b/10b]]
| 5
| 0.5
|-
| SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps
|[[File:USB SuperSpeed 10 Gbps Trident Logo.svg|50px]]
| USB 3.2 Gen 2×1
| USB 3.1 Gen 2
| rowspan=7 {{CNone}}
| {{No}}
| 128b/132b
| 10
| 1.2
|-
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| USB 3.2 Gen 1×2
| rowspan=6 {{CNone}}
| {{Yes}}
| 8b/10b
| 10
| 1.0
|-
| SuperSpeed USB 20Gbps
|[[File:USB SuperSpeed 20 Gbps Trident Logo.svg|50px]]
| USB 3.2 Gen 2×2
| {{Yes}}
| 128b/132b
| 20
| 2.4
|-
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| USB4 Gen 2×1
| rowspan=4 {{CNone}}
| {{No}}
| 64b/66b{{efn|name=rs-fec}}
| 10
| 1.2
|-
| colspan=2 {{N/A}}
| USB4 Gen 3×1
| {{No}}
| 128b/132b{{efn|name=rs-fec}}
| 20
| 2.4
|-
| USB4 20Gbps
|[[File:USB4 20Gbps Logo.svg|50px]]
| USB4 Gen 2×2
| {{yes}}
| 64b/66b{{efn|name=rs-fec}}
| 20
| 2.4
|-
| USB4 40Gbps
|[[File:USB4 40Gbps Logo.svg|50px]]
| USB4 Gen 3×2
| {{Yes}}
| 128b/132b{{efn|name=rs-fec}}
| 40
| 4.8
|}

{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=rs-fec| USB4 能够使用可选的[[里德-所罗门码|里德-所罗门码]]进行[[前向錯誤更正|前向纠错]]（RS FEC）。}}
}}

USB4 Gen 2 与 USB3.2 Gen 2是不同的。它们仅有传输速率（10 Gbps）是相同的，但二者在电气层上的编码方式不同。

尽管需要支持双通道模式，但在其双通道连接的初始化期间仍使用了单通道操作。如果此时发生通道绑定错误，单通道连接也可以用作备选模式。

在Thunderbolt兼容模式下，根据Thunderbolt规格的要求，通道以10.3125 Gbps（Gen 2）或 20.625 Gbps（Gen 3）的更高速率工作。

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sNPhyTHLixI&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctimes.com.tw%2F&feature=emb_imp_woyt USB-IF在COMPUTEX 2023展示最新USB4高速傳輸效能] {{Wayback|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=sNPhyTHLixI&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctimes.com.tw%2F&feature=emb_imp_woyt |date=20241216231652 }}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sailout.net/DispNews-tw.asp?O=HK75UCGVCR2SAA00N3&U=HJK5M9KKQNOKY-0004 |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-08-02 |archive-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216230656/http://www.sailout.net/DispNews-tw.asp?O=HK75UCGVCR2SAA00N3&U=HJK5M9KKQNOKY-0004 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==== 供电 ====
在连接的建立前，需要先完成[[USB Power Delivery|USB Power Delivery]]（USB PD）协商。USB4电源的每个接口必须提供至少7.5W（5V，1.5A）的供电。在USBPD协商之前，USB4设备的耗电需要小于250mA（默认）、1.5A或3A，5V（这取决于[[USB Type-C|USB-C]]的电阻配置）。USB PD最高可提供100W 的功率。<ref> USB Type-C Spec 2.0 Section 5.3</ref>

==== Thunderbolt 3兼容性 ====
USB4标准指出，USB4的设计目标是“保持与USB和Thunderbolt产品的现有生态系统的兼容性”。但是与Thunderbolt 3的兼容性仅对于主机和外设是可选的。

=== 备用模式合作伙伴规格 ===

==== DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0 ====
2020年4月29日，DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0发布，它支持基于的DisplayPort 2.0。<ref>{{Cite web|title=VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort™ Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4™ and New USB Type-C® Devices|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vesa-releases-updated-displayport-alt-mode-spec-to-bring-displayport-2-0-performance--to-usb4-and-new-usb-type-c-devices-301049114.html|author=Association (VESA)|first=Video Electronics Standards|work=www.prnewswire.com|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124132947/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/vesa-releases-updated-displayport-alt-mode-spec-to-bring-displayport-2-0-performance--to-usb4-and-new-usb-type-c-devices-301049114.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 软件支持 ==
2020 年 3 月 29 日发布的[[Linux]] 5.6支持USB4。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linux 5.6 Kernel Released With WireGuard, USB4, New AMD + Intel Hardware Support - Phoronix|url=https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.6-Released|work=www.phoronix.com|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102223627/https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&px=Linux-5.6-Released|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 硬体支持 ==
在[[消費電子展|2020 年国际消费电子展]]（CES 2020）期间，[[USB-IF]]和[[英特尔]]表示打算允许支持了所有可选功能的产品作为[[Thunderbolt|Thunderbolt 4]]产品。预计首批与兼容的产品将是英特尔的[[Tiger Lake]]系列和[[超威半导体|AMD]]的[[Zen 3微架構|Zen 3]]系列CPU，这些产品将于2020年末发布。

支持的设备有望在 2020 年出现。<ref>{{Cite web|title=USB4 devices are clear to roll out next year|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019-09-03-usb4-devices-next-year.html|work=Engadget|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124132956/https://www.engadget.com/2019-09-03-usb4-devices-next-year.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=First USB 4 devices to be launched at the end of 2020|url=https://www.pcbuildersclub.com/en/2019/06/first-usb-4-devices-to-be-launched-at-the-end-of-2020/|author=Maislinger|date=June 14, 2019|first=Florian|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124151515/https://www.pcbuildersclub.com/en/2019/06/first-usb-4-devices-to-be-launched-at-the-end-of-2020/|dead-url=no}}</ref>

[https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/20230731ASMedia%E2%80%99s%20ASM2464PD%20USB4%20Device%20Silicon%20World%E2%80%99s%20First%20to%20Receive....pdf 2023年 ASMedia’s ASM2464PD USB4 Device Silion World's First to Receive USB-IF Certification] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/20230731ASMedia%E2%80%99s%20ASM2464PD%20USB4%20Device%20Silicon%20World%E2%80%99s%20First%20to%20Receive....pdf |date=20240519230007 }}<ref>{{Cite web|title=Member Press Releases {{!}} USB-IF|url=https://www.usb.org/pressroom/member-press-releases|website=www.usb.org|access-date=2024-08-22|archive-date=2025-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113075429/https://usb.org/pressroom/member-press-releases|dead-url=no}}</ref>

全球第一個支援USB4 & Thunderbolt4 的非Intel陣營晶片於2024年獲USB-IF及 Thunderbolt4認證[[祥碩科技|ASMedia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asmedia.com.tw/zh-Hant/news-main/464zy98pI4hJ5RS3 |title=存档副本 |access-date=2024-08-02 |archive-date=2024-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216230202/https://www.asmedia.com.tw/zh-Hant/news-main/464zy98pI4hJ5RS3 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

USB Promoter Group 首席执行官 Brad Saunders 预计，大多数带有的个人电脑将支持 Thunderbolt 3。但对于手机，制造商不太可能实现对 Thunderbolt 3 的支持。<ref name="auto"/>

2020年3月3日，[[赛普拉斯半导体]]宣布推出支持的新控制器。其中包括双端口的 CCG6DF 和单端口的 CCG6SF。<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cypress Announces USB 3.2 & USB4-Ready Controllers: EZ-PD CCG6DF & CCG6SF|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15567/cypress-announces-usb-32-usb4-controllers-ezpd-ccg6df-ccg6sf|author=Shilov|first=Anton|work=www.anandtech.com|access-date=2020-07-22|archive-date=2021-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206152338/https://www.anandtech.com/show/15567/cypress-announces-usb-32-usb4-controllers-ezpd-ccg6df-ccg6sf|dead-url=no}}</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist|3}}

== 外部链接 ==

* [https://www.usb.org/usb4 USB4™ | USB-IF] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/usb4 |date=20211124132948 }}
* [https://www.usb.org/taxonomy/term/61 USB4 | USB-IF] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/taxonomy/term/61 |date=20211124133003 }}
* USB4 specifications can be downloaded from [https://www.usb.org/documents usb.org] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/documents |date=20210213071500 }}.
** [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb4tm-specification USB4™ Specification | USB-IF] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb4tm-specification |date=20210812082434 }} 2019-08-29
** [https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb4-adopters-agreement USB4 Adopters Agreement | USB-IF] {{Wayback|url=https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb4-adopters-agreement |date=20211124132950 }} 2019-08-29
* Podcast with Jit Lim from [[是德科技|Keysight]], 2019-11-21 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nax50U18iyo] {{Wayback|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nax50U18iyo |date=20211125043215 }}

{{USB}}

[[Category:USB]]

USB4 - 版本历史

imported>山顶洞人：​增加或调整内部链接

imported>山顶洞人：增加或调整内部链接