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UHZ1 - 版本历史
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<p><b>新页面</b></p><div>{{Infobox galaxy<br />
| name= UHZ1 <br />
| epoch= [[J2000]]<br />
| constellation name= [[玉夫座]]<br />
| ra= {{RA|00|14|16.096}}<br />
| dec= {{DEC|-30|22|40.285}}<br />
| z= 10.1<br />
| dist_ly= 13.2 Gly（4.047 Gpc）（光行距）<br />31.7 Gly（9.719 Gpc） （同移距離） <br />
| size = 21,000 [[光年|ly]]（直徑）<br />
|image=NASA Telescopes Discover Record-Breaking Black Hole (pandora-cluster-nircam-image).jpg}}'''UHZ1'''是包含[[類星體]]的一個背景星系。在大約10.1的[[紅移巡天|紅移]]中，UHZ1距離132億[[光年]]，這是看到大約在我們宇宙[[宇宙年齡|當前年齡的3%]]時間<ref>{{Cite web |title=APOD: 2023 November 10 - UHZ1: Distant Galaxy and Black Hole |url=https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap231110.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=apod.nasa.gov |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110075555/https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap231110.html |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Whalen |first=Daniel J. |last2=Latif |first2=Muhammad A. |last3=Mezcua |first3=Mar |date=2023-10-01 |title=Radio Emission From a z = 10.1 Black Hole in UHZ1 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...956..133W |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=956 |pages=133 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/acf92c |issn=0004-637X|doi-access=free |arxiv=2308.03837 }}</ref>。這一紅移值使其成為截至2023年[[可觀測宇宙]]中距離最遠、因此也是已知最早的類星體<ref>{{citation |author=Bogdan |title=Evidence for heavy-seed origin of early supermassive black holes from a z≈10 x-ray quasar |date=November 6, 2023 |journal=[[Nature Astronomy]] |doi=10.1038/s41550-023-02111-9 |display-authors=etal|arxiv=2305.15458 }} </ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher= CNN|title= Telescopes spot the oldest and most distant black hole formed after the big bang|author= Ashley Strickland|date= November 7, 2023|url= https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/07/world/most-distant-black-hole-webb-chandra-scn/index.html|accessdate= 2024-04-15|archive-date= 2023-11-16|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231116072206/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/07/world/most-distant-black-hole-webb-chandra-scn/index.html|dead-url= no}}</ref>。為了探測這個天體，[[錢德拉X射線天文台]]的天文學家使用[[阿貝爾2744]]星團的質量作為[[引力透鏡]]，以放大其正後方的遙遠天體<ref>[https://chandra.si.edu/photo/2023/uhz1/ UHZ1 album] {{Wayback|url=https://chandra.si.edu/photo/2023/uhz1/ |date=20240601160619 }}, Chandra observatory, Smithsonian Inst., accessed 2023-11-07</ref>。在發現時，它超過了[[QSO J0313−1806]]的距離記錄<ref name="2312.13837"> {{cite |title= UHZ1 and the other three most distant quasars observed: possible evidence for Supermassive Dark Stars |date= 21 December 2023 |author= Cosmin Ilie, Katherine Freese, Andreea Petric, Jillian Paulin |arxiv= 2312.13837 |publisher= arXiv }} </ref>。<br />
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該天體的發現使天文學家認為，第一批類星體的種子可能是源於宇宙初期[[超大質量恆星|超大質量]]原始恆星的坍縮，形成{{link-en|直接坍縮黑洞|Direct collapse black hole}}造成<ref name=":0" />。<br />
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== 對天文學研究的影響 ==<br />
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錢德拉-韋伯在UHZ1中心發現了一個紅移≈10.1的類星體，這表明[[吸積]][[超大質量黑洞]]（SMBH）在大爆炸後約4.7億年就已經存在<ref name=":1" />。早期黑洞從「種子」過渡到超大質量黑洞時的探測為高紅移提供了良好的來源，有助於對黑洞的種子和生長模型進行測試<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Natarajan |first=Priyamvada |last2=Pacucci |first2=Fabio |last3=Ricarte |first3=Angelo |last4=Bogdan |first4=Akos |last5=Goulding |first5=Andy D. |last6=Cappelluti |first6=Nico |date=2023-08-04 |title=First Detection of an Over-Massive Black Hole Galaxy UHZ1: Evidence for Heavy Black Hole Seed Formation from Direct Collapse |url=https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.02654 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Synthical |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110171140/https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.02654 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Goulding |first=Andy D. |last2=Greene |first2=Jenny E. |last3=Setton |first3=David J. |last4=Labbe |first4=Ivo |last5=Bezanson |first5=Rachel |last6=Miller |first6=Tim B. |last7=Atek |first7=Hakim |last8=Bogdán |first8=Ákos |last9=Brammer |first9=Gabriel |last10=Chemerynska |first10=Iryna |last11=Cutler |first11=Sam E. |last12=Dayal |first12=Pratika |last13=Fudamoto |first13=Yoshinobu |last14=Fujimoto |first14=Seiji |last15=Furtak |first15=Lukas J. |date=2023-09-01 |title=UNCOVER: The Growth of the First Massive Black Holes from JWST/NIRSpec-Spectroscopic Redshift Confirmation of an X-Ray Luminous AGN at z = 10.1 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...955L..24G |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=955 |pages=L24 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/acf7c5 |issn=0004-637X |doi-access=free |arxiv=2308.02750 |access-date=2024-04-15 |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110165140/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023ApJ...955L..24G |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20231224">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=How to Create a Black Hole Out of Thin Air - Black holes were thought to arise from the collapse of dead stars. But a Webb telescope image showing the early universe hints at an alternative pathway. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/24/science/space/astronomy-black-holes.html |date=24 December 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231225230503/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/24/science/space/astronomy-black-holes.html |archivedate=25 December 2023 |accessdate=26 December 2023 }}</ref>。<br />
關於超大質量黑洞的形成，一個懸而未決的問題是，它們是否起源於[[恆星質量]]黑洞、[[超新星|大質量恒星死亡]]的殘餘，或者是否存在形成更重初始種子以開始形成的機制。UHZ1的資料顯示，它要麼需要超過[[愛丁頓極限]]的持續生長超過2億年，要麼需要大量種子。所收集的數據為播種機制提供了線索並為其提供了支持<ref name=":2"/>。<br />
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== UHZ1做為潜在的第一個超大質量黑洞星系候選者 ==<br />
在UHZ1中探測到的錢德拉X射線源是康普頓厚的{{efn|類星體的[[天體物理X射線源| X射線發射]]來自一種叫做星冕的熱氣體大氣層，它圍繞著[[吸積盤]]。當[[ X射線]][[光子]]高速離開星冕時，它們可能會被周圍的[[氫線|中性氫]]環面和星冕周圍的塵埃吸收。如果大部分X射線光子被吸收，這種現象被稱為「康普頓厚」。}}。它的[[光度|測輻射熱光度]]為L <sub>bol</sub> ~ 5{{e|45}} erg s{{e|−1}}，對應於估計的[[黑洞]]質量〜4{{e|7}} [[太陽質量|M⊙]]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="NYT-20231224" />。<br />
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從UHZ1及其類星體收集的數據與天文學家先前對一類獨特的瞬態高紅移天體的理論預測一致，這些天體被稱為超大質量（或超大尺寸）黑洞星系（OBG，或O.B.G.）。OBGs是重的初始黑洞種子，可能是由[[星際雲|氣體雲]]的直接坍塌形成的。由於UHZ1的多波長特性與理論模型範本預測之間的一致性，一些天文學家認為UHZ1是第一個檢測到的超大質量黑洞星系（Overmassive black hole galaxy，OBG）候選者<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name="NYT-20231224" />。<br />
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== 註解 ==<br />
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== 參考資料 ==<br />
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== 外部連結 ==<br />
* {{youtube|aJAc-ENcbDI|Video (2:52): Possible Discovery of Overmassive Black Hole Galaxy (O.B.G.) in UHZ1}}<br />
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{{s-ach|rec}}<br />
{{s-bef|before=[[QSO J0313−1806]]}}<br />
{{s-ttl|title=[[類星體列表#Most distant quasars|已知最遙遠的類星體]]|years=2023&nbsp;–&nbsp;}}<br />
{{s-aft|after= &mdash; }}<br />
{{s-end}}<br />
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{{星系}}<br />
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[[Category:玉夫座]]<br />
[[Category:類星體]]</div>
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